Tài liệu lý thuyết Tiếng Anh THCS từ cơ bản đến nâng cao – Mrs Moon PHÇN I LÍ THUYẾT + LUYỆN TẬP Chuyªn ®Ò 1 c¸c th× c¬ b¶n trong tiÕng anh TT Thì Công thức chia Dấu hiệu chia 1 Hiện tại đơn S1 + VVses S1 + do notdoes not + Inf DoDoes + S + Inf ? Every ; always, usually, sometimes, never, rarely, seldom, (đây là trạng từ tần xuất) Once twice Các câu diễn đạt sự thật luôn đúng, chân lý khoa học, thời gian biểu 2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + amisare + Ving S + amisare + not + Ving (be) + S +.
Trang 1PHÇN I - LÍ THUYẾT + LUYỆN TẬP
1. Hiện tại đơn
Note: 1 số động từ không dùng trong thì
tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell
(Have: I, we, you, they, Ns.
Has: she, he, it, N)
Since + (mốc thời gian), Since then
For + (khoảng thời gian)
This is the first time/ second time
Many times/ several times
4 Quá khứ đơn
S + V2 /V-ed ………
S + did not + Inf ………
Did + S + Inf ……….?
Yesterday, last month, last week,
Time + ago = time + before
Hai hành động xảy ra song song ở quá khứ đều chia quá khứ tiếp diễn.
I, She, he, it, N(số ít): was
we, you, they, N(số nhiều): were
6 Quá khứ hoàn S+ had+ PP Already, never, ever, before, by, by the
1
Trang 2thành S+ hadn’t+PP
Had+ S+ PP ?
time, after, until, when
7. Tương lai đơn
I am sure/ I am not sure
Tương lai gần S + am/is/are + going to + Inf * this weekend, this summer
SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CÁC THÌ
1 TLĐ+ until/ when/ as soon as+ HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back.
2 TLĐ+ after+ HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work.
3 While/ When/ As+ QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend.
4 QKĐ+ while/ when/ as+ QKTD It (start) _to rain while the boys (play) _football
5 QKTD+ while+ QKTD Last night, I was reading book while my sister was playing games
6 HTHT+ since+ QKĐ I (work) here since I (graduate)
7 After+ QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) _to bed.
8 Before/ By the time+ QKĐ+ QKHT Before she (have) _dinner, she (write) _letter.
Bài tập vận dụng
Trang 3I Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple :
1 I (be) a teacher of English at a junior school in Bac Giang
2 She often (get) _good marks at Maths
3 They usually (work) five days a week
4 It (not rain) _ much in our country in winter
5 How many people (be) there in your family?
6 What _your father (do) ? – He is an engineer
7 Lan usually (play) _the piano after school
8 your school (have ) _an English club?
9 My teacher always ( help) us to do difficult exercises
10 The Earth (circle) _the sun once every 365 days
II Put the verbs in brackets into the present progressive :
1 I (read) an interesting book at the moment
2 He (write) a long novel at present
3 The students (plant) _trees in the garden at the moment
4 Children (become) more and more active
5 Look! Our new teacher(come)
6 Where is your mother? – She (water) _the flowers in the garden
7 They (do) some experiments at the moment
8 Come in, we (have) a party
9 Look, The Sun (shine) , and the birds (sing) _
10 Do not turn off the TV! She (watch) the weather forecast
III Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present progressive :
1 My father (plant) some fruit trees in the garden now
2 What your _father (do) in the evening?- he usually (watch) TV but sometimes he (read) _books
3 We (not go) _ to the zoo very often
4 Lan and Phong (be) _in the kitchen They (prepare) _dinner
5.How you (feel) now?- I (feel) a bit tired
6 Look! The plane (fly) _toward the airport It (land) _
7 We’ll go out when the rain (stop)
8 What you (do) now? – We (play) soccer
9 Bears (like) honey
10 Where (be) _your mother? – She (be) in the bathroom Maybe, she (have) a bath
IV Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple:
1 I (have) _a busy day yesterday
2 My parents (buy) _this house 20 years ago
3 I (phone) _her last night but she (not answer) _
4 Her mother (take) _her to the zoo last Sunday
5 _you (be) at home yesterday morning?
6 He (come) _into the room, (turn) on the TV, (sit) _on the sofa and
(begin) watching TV
7 I (not do) my homework last night, I (go) _out with my friend
8 When you (start) learning English?
9 He wishes he (be) _a millionaire
10 What would you do if you (win) lottery?
V Put the verbs in brackets into the past progressive:
1 I (do) _my homework when he phoned me last night
2 They (wait) for me at 7 o’clock last night
3 My children (play) with the toys while I (prepare) _dinner
4 We (talk) on the phone at this time yesterday
5 He (walk) _home when he saw the accident
3
Trang 46 At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon we (play) football in the schoolyard.
7 It stared to rain when we (watch) TV
8 When they (have) a drink, a waiter dropped a pile of plates
VI Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past progressive:
1 At this time last Sunday,they (play) soccer
2 What _you (do) at 8 o’clock last night?- I (listen) _to music
3 Mr Lam (work) _in the library when the phone rang
4 Of couse I know them They (live) next door to me some years ago
5The children (play) tennis when it (start) _raining
6 My cousin and I (watch) a film on TV last night when my brother (come) .He (watch) the end of the film with us
7 I (practice) _speaking English while my sister (play) with toys
8 Brad (leave) _Bac Giang last Sunday
9 When I (come) , they (talk) _about the show on TV
10 The dog (attrack) _Mr Pitt when he (walk) _along quietly
VII Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect:
1 He (live) in Bac Giang for 20 years
2 They (know) each other since 2000
3 you (do) _the homework yet
4 Mrs Lan (teach) _in this school since 1998
5 Nam isn’t here He just (go) _out
6 I (read) this book several times
7 AIDS (kill) a lot of people recently
8 She never (eat) _ this kind of this food before
9 I (not meet) him since we left school
10 How long you (work) _ for this company?
VIII Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or past simple:
1 you (watch) _the news on TV last night?
2 I (not see ) _him for months
3 _you ever (win) _a competition? –Yes, I (win) a photographic competition in 2001
4 He smiled at me in a friendly way when he (see) me
5 The band Super Junior (be) famous in our country recently
6 you (meet) him when you were at university
7 They have lived in this flat since they (come) _
8 My teacher wasn’t at home when we (arrive) He (just go) out
9 _you ever (connect) _a printer? I (know) _how to connect it since I (be)
twelve
10. you (see) _the film Harry Porter yet? – Yes, I (see) last year
IX Put the verbs in brackets into the simple future or “ be going to ”:
1 My daughter (be) 13 on her next birthday
2 We (go) on vacation in Ha Long Bay next weekend
3 He (phone) _me as soon as he arrives to Ho Chi Minh City
4 We (not have) to go to school tomorrow
5 I promise I (learn) harder
6 He (get) _a lot of money if he works harder
7 He has bought a new scraf He (give) _it to his mom on her next birthday
8 It’s hot here I (turn) _on the air conditioner
Chuyên đề 2 : DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ
Trang 5I To – infinitive.( To V)
Sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
- sau các động từ: want, would like, intend, plan, decide, expect, hope, mean, offer,
promise, refuse, wish, order, seem, tend, threaten, persuade, encourage, force,……
- sau các tính từ: (trừ It’s no use/ It’s no worth/ S + be busy + V- ing)
- sau các phó từ: enough to, too to, in order to/ so as to
- trong cấu trúc: - It + takes/ took + O +(time) + to-inf
- S + V + O +(not) + to-inf ( V: ask, get, tell, want, advise, request, )
- It + be+ Adj+ to V: thật để (It is interesting to study Math) -I find/ think/ believe+ it+ Adj+ to V (I find it difficult to learn English
vocabulary)
- Sau các từ nghi vấn: who, what, when, which (I don’t know what to say)
II Bare infinitive.( INF)
Sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
- sau Model Verbs như: can, may, must, will, shall, would, should, would rather , had
- trong cấu trúc với V là động từ tri giác: see, hear, notice, feel,.
*Eg: I can speak English very well.
I hear him come in.
III GERUND V+ing ( Danh động từ : động từ thêm “ing” )
Theo sau các trường hợp sau đây ta thường sử dụng động từ thêm “ing”:
1 Sau các động từ: like, dislike, love, fancy, enjoy, hate, stop, suggest ( đề nghị ), practice/ practise ( thực hành), miss ( bỏ lỡ ), avoid ( tránh ), begin, start, finish, spend , … + V.ing
Ex: a The sale of jeans stopped growing because the worldwide economic situation got worse in
the 1990s
b She practices speaking English everyday.
2 Sau các cụm động từ: can’t help (không thể khổng), can’t bear/ can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to= get used to, look forward to, it’s no use/ it’s no good (không ích gì), be busy, be worth (đáng)
3 Sau các giới từ: in, at, for, from, to, by, after, before, …
Theo sau các giới từ nếu là động từ thì thông thường là hình thức động từ dạng nguyên mẫu thêm “ing”
Ex: a I’m good at drawing.
b He doesn’t concentrate on the lesson He thinks of listening to pop music.
4 Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since
5 Khi làm chư ngữ trong câu
Ex: Keeping the environment unpolluted is very important
6 S+ spend+ time/ money + V-ing
S+ waste+ time/ money+ V-ing
Một số cấu trúc cần phân biệt :
1 Không thay đổi nghĩa: begin/ start/ continue/ like/ love+ to V/ V-ing
2 Thay đổi nghĩa
5
Trang 6remember + Ving : nhớ đã làm gì remember + to V : nhớ phải làm gì (chưa làm) forget + Ving : quên 1 việc đã làm forget + to V : quên làm gì (chưa làm)
stop + Ving : dừng làm gì/ thôi hẳn/ từ bỏ hẳn stop + to V : dừng để làm gì
try + Ving : thử làm gì try + to V : cố gắng làm gì
regret + Ving : hối tiếc vì đã làm gì regret + to V : tiếc phải làm gì
Need + Ving : mang nghĩa bị động Need + to V : Mang nghĩa chủ động
I remember meeting you somewhere last year (tôi nhớ đã gặp bạn ở đâu đó hồi năm ngóai )
Don't forget to buy me a book :đừng quên mua cho tôi quyển sách nhé (chưa mua ,)
I regret lending him the book : tôi hối hận đã cho anh ta mượn quyển sách
I regret to tell you that ( tôi lấy làm tiếc để nói với bạn rằng )- chưa nói - bây giờ mới nói
I try eating the cake he makes ( tôi thử ăn cái bánh anh ta làm )
I try to avoid meeting him (tôi cố gắng tránh gặp anh ta )
3 Dùng trong thể nhờ vả với động từ HAVE / GET (Causative form)
S+ have+ O (người)+ V1+ O (vật) I usually have my mother wash the clothes S+ have+ O (vật)+ V3+ (by O người) I usually have the clothes washed by my mother
S+ get+ O(người)+ to V+ O (vật)
S+ get+ O (vật)+ V3/ed+ (by O người)
Bài tập về dạng của động từ
1 Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct form.
1 I ask him ( turn)……… on the light
2 We are looking forward to ( hear) ……… from you
Trang 73 They want ( make ) ……….the beach clean and beautiful again.
4 My father decided ( repair ) ………his old car
5 I suggest ( collect ) ……… old paper to reduce
6 My mother often helps me ( do ) ……….my homework
7 Children are interested in ( read ) ……….comics
8 They had a mechanic ( repair ) ……….their car
9 When I’m tired, I enjoy ( watch ) ……….television It’s relaxing
10 Would you like ( have ) ………something to eat ?
11 It started ( rain ) ……… an hour ago Has it stopped ………….(rain) yet?
12 Our teacher made me ( answer ) ……… all the questions
13 I’ve enjoyed ( meet ) ……….you I hope ( see ) ………you again
14 I really dislike ( ask ) ……… to answer questions in class
15 It’s no use ( try ) ……….(persuade) ………him You won’t succeed
16 I used ( smoke ) ……….20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up ( smoke ) ………
17 Can you help me ( get ) ………the dinner ready?
18 I finished ( read ) ……….the book and went to bed
19 Let me ( pay ) ………for the meal You paid last time
20 It’s difficult ( get) ……….used to ( eat ) ……… with chopsticks
21.The headmaster begins ( arrange) the matter at one
22 She loves( swim) in the early morning
23 They agreed ( be) present at the opening ceremony
24 I don’t want (force) you ( do) what I say
25 Most people prefer (drive) to ( ride)
26 They have stopped (do) bussiness because of bad situations
27 I must ask you (stop, talk)
28 Let me( help) you (get) it right
29 We like (see) young students (work) hard for their future
30 I understand you want (borrow) my last volume of Harry Porter
31 Do you mind (process) these film again?
32 The manager let me ( watch) the actors and actresses (rehearse)
33 They denied( destroy) the flower beds in the schoolyard
34 He spends ages ( play) games online
35 They promised (help) me (prepare) for the party
36 We are interested in ……….films (watch)
37 The police let the thief……… away (go) (thief(n): tên trộm)
38 I am used to ……….up late.(stay)
39 ……… English is important (learn)
40 I heard the neighbours ……….last night (cry)
41 This novel was ………by Mr Anh (write)
42 He often has his wife ……… meals (prepare)
43.The students are fond of ……… books(read)
44 These boys like ………soccer (play)
45 Mr Nam is always busy ………on the farm.(work)
46 I sometimes make my parents ……….sad (feel)
47 This room is very dirty It needs ……….(clean)
48 He seemed ……… to hear that new (amaze)
49 This film is worth ……… It is very interesting (watch)
50.The students are eager……… their marks (know)
51 We are glad ………you again here.(meet)
52 It is very difficult ……… English.(study)
53 Mrs Lien has finished……….that work (do)
54 Our parents want us ……….learn well (learn)
55 I am looking forward to ……….your letter (receive)
7
Trang 8BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP VỀ CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ
I Chia động từ trong ngoặc cho đỳng (Thỡ hoặc hỡnh thức)
1.He ……… this shirt yesterday (buy)
2 The crowd were cheering when Nam ……… the race (win)
3 Ba is keen on ………(paint)
4 Before he ……….England, he ……….English for two years (travel-study)
5 We are happy ………good marks (get)
6.The boys ……….volleyball at this time (play)
7 The teacher let the students……… their books when they did the test (open)
8.They ……… to London since they ………married (move-get)
9 The children ……….in the river at this time last Sunday.(swim)
10 I am very tired I ……….hard all day (work)
11 My son ………a doctor in the future (become)
12 His father stopped ………cigerette two years ago (smoke)
13 Lan is practising … English at the moment (speak)
14 She ……….Halong Bay before (already/ visit)
15 I ………fishing twice a week (go)
16 After they ……… dinner, they ……… TV (have-watch) 17.Last night, I saw a thief……… the neighbour,s bike (steal)
18 These clothes need ……….(wash) They are very dirty
19 I ……….my homework while my brother and sister ………… ……TV.(do-watch)
20 Look at them! They ……….on the trees (climb)
21 Would you mind ……….the door ? It is very hot (open)
22.I suggest……….a shower instead of a bath to save water (take)
23 Miss Hoa ……… a new motorcycle (just/ buy)
24 Long ……….his girl friend a letter yesterday (send)
25 The soccer match ………when we arrived the stadium (already /begin) 26.It is no use ………that novel It is boring (read)
27 My father ……… at that time (sleep)
28 It is the first time I ……… a motorcycle (ride)
29 I ……… him yesterday ( not see)
30 The Pikes ………in Liverpool since 1990 (live)
31 We ………a bath yet ( not take)
32 The students ……… the lessons now (write)
33 You had better……….harder on your exam (learn)
34 The room is very dirty It needs ……… (clean)
35.It took him an hour ……… these exercises yesterday (do)
36 I suggest……… to school or to work by bikes to save energy (go)
II Rewrite the sentences that do not change the meaning
1 He started to learn English four years agoà He has………
2 It took him two hours to review that lessonà He spent………
3 We spent a day preparing for the tripà It took………
4 I last met him two weeks agoà I haven,t………
5 He hasn,t seen her since last week.à He last ………
Chuyên đề 3: WISH (câu ớc) 1 Ước muốn ở hiện tai S + wish(es) + S2 + V ed/ were (now…………)
Trang 9
2 Ước muốn ở tương lai S + wish(es) + S2 + would/could/should + V nt
( tomorrow, next, again, some day, in the future, when + S grow(s) up)
3 Ước 1 điều ở quá khứ :
VIẾT LẠI CÂU SỬ DỤNG “WISH”
Notes: -Bỏ: It’s a pity (that)
What a pity (that) I’m sorry
- (Nếu đề sử dụng tính từ thì có thể viết lại với tính từ trái nghĩa)
Ta có thể thay If only cho S + wish(es)
Ex: I wish I had more time to study = If only I had more time to study
BÀI TẬP CÂU WISH
1-GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS:
1 I wish I (can/ speak) English perfectly
2 I wish I (can) do this exercise
3 I wish I (know) how to swim
4 I wish the weather (be) better today
9
S +wish(es) + S2 + Had+Vpp
Trang 105 I wish you (like) my painting
6 I wish I (not have to) work on Saturday
7 I wish you (not come) here late
8 I wish I (will be) there soon
9 I wish I ( be) in Hue
10 Lan wishes she (not/be) punished by the teacher
11 I wish I ……… at home now
12 She studies badly I wish she ……….better (study)
13 They wish they ……… a test tomorrow (not have)
14 He wishes he ……….a teacher at present (be)
15 Our English is not good We wish we ……….English well (speak)
16 We failed the exam We wish we………the exam (pass)
17 Nam wishes he ………at school yesterday
18 Lan wishes her friend ……… her some day (visit)
19 I wish I ……….that film again.(see) It is very interesting
20 I wish I………this film again It is the most excellent film I have seen (see)
2-REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1 What a pity! You aren't here with us now
Trang 11Chuyên đề 4: Conditional sentences (Câu điều kiện)
1, Type 1: Điều kiện cú thể xảy ra ở hiện tại / tương lai
If + S + V (s,es) + … , S 2 + will/shall + Inf
2, Type 2: Điều kiện khụng cú thật ở hiện tại (hay cõu giả định)
If +S + V qk /were…., S 2 + would/ could / might+ Inf
11
Trang 123.Type 3: Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ
If+ S+ had+ PP , S+ would/ could/ should+ have+ PP
4 Viết lại câu với câu điều kiện
- Unless = if not <=> Unless + MĐ khẳng định = If + MĐ phủ định
a Nếu đề ở tương lai thì dùng đk loại 1:
b Khi câu đề ở hiện tại thì dùng đk loại 2 + phản nghĩa
Vd: It is rainy I can’t go to school=> If ………
Vd: Today isn’t Sunday We can’t go swimming => If today………
c Khi câu đề là “Don’t + V… + or + MĐ” thì bỏ don’t thay bằng If you rồi chép lại hết, bỏ or thay bằng dấu phẩy
vd: Don’t go out or you will get wet => If you ………
d Khi câu đề là: V…+ or + MĐ thì viết lại với If you don’t (chép lại hết bỏ or thay bằng dấu phẩy)vd: Raise your hand or I will kill you => If you ………
e Khi câu đề có because thì dùng đk loại 2 + phản nghĩa (bỏ because thay bằng if)
vd: He can’t go out because he has to do his homework. > If ………
f Khi đề có từ ‘so’ thì bỏ ‘so’ thay bằng dấu phẩy;dùng đk loại 2 +phản nghĩa
vd: She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam. > If………
*Note: Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ
Were I rich, I would help you= If I were rich, I would help you.
Had I known her, I would have made friend with her= If I had known her, I would have made friend.
BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN IF
I Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1 If he (eat) another cake, he will be sick
2 If he (take) _my advice, everything can go well
3 He never does homework If he( do) his homework, he(not worry) about his exam
4 If you played for us, we( win)
5.What you (do) if she refuses your invitation?
6 If today (be) Sunday, we (go) to the beach
Trang 137 Unless they (pass) their examinations, they would join the army.
8 You (be) ill if you drink that water
9.If Tom (go) _to bed earlier,he would not be so tired
10.If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) for a donkey ride
11 If he (try) hard, he’ll pass the examination
12 I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly
13 If I (be)……… you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university
14 If the doctor can’t help me, I (go)……… somewhere else
15 Will you tell me if there (be) ……….any problems?
16 If you drove more carefully, you (not have) ……… so many accidents
17 If he (get)……… earlier, he’d get to work on time
18 If we (have)……… more time, I could tell you more about it
19 If this house costs too much, I (buy)……… A smaller one
20 If you (sell)……… more products, you’d earn more money
21 What would you do if you suddenly (win)……… half a million pounds?
22 His car would be safer if he (buy)……… some new tyers
II Choose the best sentences
1 If I go shopping, I ………some food
2 If I find it, I ………you
a will tell b would tell c had told d told
3 What would you do if you………a million dollars?
4 You won’t pass the examination………you study more
5 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business
6 If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England
a will make b had made c made d would make
7 If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning
8 If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English
a will go b go c would go d should have to go
III Rewrite the sentence
1 You should apologize for the misunderstanding to her
Trang 14Chuyên đề 5 : REPORTED SPEECH (Câu gián tiếp)
*Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ cõu trực tiếp sang cõu giỏn tiếp
- Đổi ngụi, đổi thỡ, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc
1/ Chuyển đổi đại từ:
a Ngụi thứ nhất (I, we: theo người núi/ dựa theo chủ ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật)
Trực tiếp Giỏn tiếp Trực tiếp Giỏn tiếp Trực tiếp Giỏn tiếp
Trang 15We They Our Their us Them
b Ngôi thứ 2 (You: theo người nghe/ dựa vào tân ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật).
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
c Ngôi thứ 3: (She, he, it, they: không đổi)
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
2/ Chuyển đổi thì: Quy tắc lùi một thì
1 Hiện tại đơnInf/ Vs,es
don’t/doesn’t + Inf
Quá khứ đơn V- ed/ V2 didn’t + Inf
2 Am/is/ are +(not)+ VingHiện tại tiếp diễn Was/ were +(not)+ VingQuá khứ tiếp diễn
3 Hiện tại hoàn thànhHas/ have + PII Quá khứ hoàn thànhHad + PII(V- ed/ V3)
V- ed/ V2
Quá khứ hoàn thànhHad + PII( V-ed/v3)
5
3- Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Last night/ week/ month/ year
Next week/ month/ year
ThatThose There
Then/ at one/ immediately
BeforeThat dayThat nightThe next/ following day
The day before/ the previous dayThe night/ week/ month/ year before or the previous night…
The following week/ month/ year
4/ Công thức của các mẫu câu cơ bản:
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1 Câu mệnhlệnh KĐ :“ Inf + … ”, PĐ: “ Don’t +Inf +…”,
eg: “don’t stay up late, Hoa”, he said
cầu KĐ: “ Inf + ”“ Can/ Could you + Inf ?”
“ Will/ Would you + Inf ?”
“ Do/ Would you mind + V-ing ?”
khuyên KĐ: “ S + should/ ought to/ had better + Inf ”
PĐ: “ S + shouldn’t/ ought not to/ had better not + Inf ”
S + advised + O + to VHoặc: S + said that S + should
S + advised + O + not to VHoặc: S + said that S + shouldn’t
2 Câu trầnthuật S + said, “ S + V + … ”S + said + O, “ S + V ” S + said (that) S + V( lùi một thì)S + told + O (that) S + V( lùi một thì)
3 Câu hỏiđảo “ TĐH + S + V ?” S + asked + O / wondered+ If + S + V( lùi 1 thì)
4 Câu hỏi cótừ hỏi “Wh-q + TĐH + S + V?” S + asked + O / wondered+ wh-q + S + V( lùi một thì ).
Trang 16*
ĐỔI CÂU CẢM THÁN SANG GIÁN TIẾP:
- Khi đổi câu cảm thán(exclaimation) ra câu gián tiếp ta thường dùng các động từ tường thuật sau: greet(chào); cry out( thet lên); sigh(thở dài); complain(than phiền); remark(nhận xét); exclaim(thet lên
vì đau đớn, giận dữ, ngạc nhiên)… Ta xem các ví dụ dưới đây:
EX1: Direct: She said:” What a lovely house!”
Indirect: She exclaimed that the house was lovely
Ex2: Direct: He said to me: “Hello! How is work?”
Indirect: He greeted me and asked me how work was
Ex3: Direct: The little boy cried out: “Help me! Help me!”
Indirect: The little boy cried out for help
Ex4: Direct: She said: “ My toothache is getting worse!”
Indirect: She complained that her toothache was getting worse
BÀI TẬP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
I Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech
1 Charles said, “I’m living in London now.”
Trang 17II-Change into reported speech: (Affirmative Imperatives: )
1.He said to me:” Let’s go to the zoo.”
III-Change into reported speech: Negative Imperatives:
1 He said to me:”Don’t make noise in class,please.”
→ ………… ………
2 She said to the passer-by:” Don’t turn left at the two blocks ahead.”
→ ……… ……….…………3.She said to her classmate:” Don’t talk in class.”
→ ……… ………4.The teacher said to his student:” Don’t touch that new board.”
→ ……… ………5.The mother said to her son, “ Don’t put off your coat, please.”
→ The mother ……… …………
IV- Rewrite the following Yes/No questions in reported speech, use IF or WHETHER:
1.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter
=> Phong asked Peter………
2 “Does she like sports?”Hoa asked Lan
=>Hoa asked ………
3 “Does Hoa play badminton?” Lan asked Thu
=>Lan asked Thu……….………
4 “Does your sister and brother go to the same school?”She asked Nam
=>She asked………
5 “Do the children perform on TV?” Her mother asked her teacher
=>Her mother asked………
6 “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
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Trang 18V-Rewriting these Wh-questions in reported speech:
1 “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
VI- Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1 “Where are you studying?” Mr.Bruce asked
Trang 1912 “ Give me the book, Mary” said the man.
The man told………
13 “ Pleace give some money, mum” said the boy
The boy told………
14 “ Don’t stay here, boys” the man said
The man told………
15 Mary asked Tom: “ Are you a student?”
2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + Ving + O S + am/is/are/ + being + PII
4 Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + Ving + O So + was/were + being + PII
5 Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + PII + O So + have/has + been+ PII
6 TL + ĐT khuyết thiếu Will/can/may/must
have to/ has to + V
be going to
Will/can/may/must have to/ has to + be PII
be going to
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Trang 20- “By+O” đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian nhưng sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn.
- Các chủ ngữ Someone, anyone, people, they trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by+O” trong câu bị động
3/ Phần dành cho lớp chọn:
7- BĐ của động từ có 2 tân ngữ: give, teach, tell, send, bring, make, pay (Thông thường chuyển
tân ngữ chỉ người lên làm chủ ngữ)
8- BĐ với câu hỏi đảo: Yes-No questions:
9- BĐ với câu hỏi có từ hỏi: Wh- questions
10- S1 + say/said
believe/believed + that S2 + V2
think/thought
C1 => It + is/was + PII(V1) + that + S2 + V2
C2 => S2 + be + PII(V1) + to + V2nt (Nếu V2 ở hiện tại/HTTD)
have + PII (V2) (Nếu V2 ở qk/HTHT)
Example: They say that Ken was good at Chinese cooking.
→Ken is said to have been good at Chinese cooking
→It is said that Ken was good at Chinese cooking.
11- BĐ với chủ ngữ có từ No: Chuyển sang bị động phải ở thể phủ định
12- S + make/made + O + Vnt + => So + is/are was/were + made + to Vnt +
13- S+ Have/has/had + O + Vnt + N => S + Have/has/had + N + PII + (By O)
Example: I had the mechanic service my car yesterday
→I had my car serviced BY the mechanic yesterday.
BÀI TẬP CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG- BỊ ĐỘNG1-
Thì hiện tại đơn: Đổi câu sang bị động
1 Mary does some exercises everyday
Câu bị động của động từ khuyết thiếu
1.You mustn't use this machine
………
Trang 212.They will build a new house.
………
3.The teacher can give him good marks ………
4.I can't learn English very well ………
5.I am going to phone you ………
Thì quá khứ đơn 1.Tolstoy wrote "War and peace" ………
2.Hemingway didn't write "Hamlet" ………
3.Did Shakespeare write "Hamlet"? ………
4.Bod Smith built that house ………
5.They opened the factory at 9 o'clock ………
4 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành 1.My brother has written a lot of plays ………
2.He has just finished his second tragedy ………
3.I haven’t done my homework ………
4.You have just seen the moon ………
5.He has read that book since he was a boy ………
5 Các thì tiếp diễn 1.She is reading a book ………
2.They were singing a song ………
3.I am buying two pens ………
4.Hung is learning Enlish ………
5.Lan was collecting the gabages ………
6- BĐ của động từ có 2 tân ngữ: give, teach, tell, send, bring, make, pay (Thông thường chuyển tân ngữ chỉ ngườ lên làm chủ ngữ 1, They paid me a lot of money to do the job
2, The teacher gave us two exercises yesterday
3, He brought me a cup of tea
4, Mr Huan teaches us English
5, They/ gave /Linda/ a prize for one of her books
7 BĐ với câu hỏi đảo: Yes-No questions: 1 Do they teach English here?
2 Will you invite her to your wedding party?
21
Trang 223 Is she going to write a poem? .
4 Have they changed the window of the library?
8 BĐ với câu hỏi có từ hỏi: Wh- questions
1 Where do people speak English?
2 How can they open this safe?
3 How long have they wait for the doctor?
4 How many games have the team played?
5 What books are people reading this year?
9 S1 + say/said believe/believed + that MĐ
1 People believe that 13 is an unlucky number
2 They think that he has died for many years
3 They say that John is the biggest student in class
4 They thought that she won the first prize
5 People said that he was living in London
10 BĐ với chủ ngữ có từ No: Chuyển sang bị động phải ở thể phủ định
1 No one signed this cheque
2 Nobody has seen Tim since he left school in 1990
4 No one could do anything to put the fire out ………
5 Nobody will solve this hard problem
11 S+ Have/has/had + O + Vnt + N => S+ Have/has/had + N + P II +
1 I had my brother repair my computer yesterday
2 My mother got me to buy some sugar
3 He had the man clean his motorbike
4 Ellen got Mary to type her paper
5 We got him paint my house last week
12 S + make/made + o + V nt + => S 2 + is/are was/were + made + to V nt +
VD: “She made me do a lot of homework => I was made to do a lot of homework.
13 Turn into the passive voice:
1 The stunami destroyed a large area in Japan last year
Trang 2310 Nobody can give a better solution to this problem
………
14 Cho dạng đỳng động từ trong ngoặc
1.Newspapers(read)……… by over 200.000 people everyday
2.The Eiffel Tower (visit)……… by millions of people every year
3.I (clean)……… my house in the morning
4.You should (study)……… harder
5.Lan loves (read) ……… books in the library
6.Hoa asks her brother (not/ play)……… games
7.You (see) ……….our new English teacher yet?
8 Lan’s grandparents (visit) ………by her next week
9 My sister (practice) ……….her music lesson now
10.Lan’s letter (send)……… since last month
11.Yesterday our teacher (arrive)……… 5 minutes late
13.When I (arrive)……… at the airport yesterday, I (meet) ………by my family
14.A new school (build)……… in our village last month
15.Peter (do)……… this work last week
16.That homework (do) ………by Tom
18.They (write) ………this essay yesterday
19.This computer (buy)……… yesterday by my father
20.I (clean) ……… my house everyday
21.I (live) ……… here since I was born
22.I( read)……… his books when I was at school
23.I cant go out because I (not do) ……… my homework yet
24.Alot of plays (write) ……… by Shakepeare
25.I (not see) ……… her for three years
26.The moon (see)……… last night by Hoa
27.She (spend) ………her holiday here since last week
28.You (have) ……… breakfast yet?
29.Hung just (play)……… video games
Chuyên đề 7 : tag questions (Câu hỏi đuôi)
Mệnh đề chớnh
(Khẳng Định) Phần hỏi đuụi(Phủ Định) (Khẳng phủ định)Mệnh đề chớnh Phần hỏi đuụi(Khẳng Định)
Have/ has + PII Haven’t/ hasn’t Haven’t/ hasn’t + PII Have/ has
* Notes:
1 Nếu chủ ngữ là cỏc danh từ thỡ chủ ngữ ở hỏi đuụi phải đổi thành cỏc đại từ nhõn xưng tương ứng.Chủ ngữ là there thỡ ở hỏi đuụi vẫn là: there
2 Let’s + thỡ hỏi đuụi là: shall we
3 I’m hoặc I am thỡ hỏi đuụi là: aren’t I
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Trang 244 - Câu cầu khiến, mệnh lệnh khẳng định và phủ định, phần hỏi đuôi luôn luôn là “ Will you?”
Ex: Do the homework, will you ?
Don , t talk in class, will you?
5 ought to thì hỏi đuôi là: shouldn’t
- Chủ ngữ là nothing, everything, this, that thì chủ ngữ hỏi đuôi là it
Nếu ta đã biết rõ thông tin mà chỉ cần xác định lại cho chắc chắn hơn lần nữa thì ta xuống giọng ở phần hỏi đuôi
Nếu ta chưa biết thông tin gì cả mà cần hỏi để biết thì ta lên giọng ở phần hỏi đuôi
Câu trả lời dựa vào thực tế chứ chứ không dịch nghĩa câu hỏi đuôi để trả lời:
Ví dụ: Nếu bạn là 1 học sinh thì khi có người hỏi: “ You are a student, aren,t you?” hoặc “You aren,t
a student, are you?” bạn đều phải trả lời là :”Yes, I am” Nếu bạn không uống cà phê thì khi có người hỏi: You drink coffee, don,t you?” hoặc” You don,t drink coffee, do you?” bạn đều phải trả lời là: “No, I don’t”
BÀI TẬP CÂU HỎI ĐUÔIEX1 Viết phần đuôi của các câu hỏi sau:
1 It isn’t ready yet, ……… ……… ?
2 We must hurry, ……….……… …….?
3 They won’t stop long, ……… ………….?
4 You asked for mustard, ……… ………… ?
5 She speaks too quickly, ……… … ?
6 He will arrive soon, ……… ……….?
7 They told me a lie, ……… ……?
8 It can’t be so bad, ……… ……?
9 It was a pity, ……… ……?
10 They have sold the house, ……… ….?
11 You are leaving here tomorrow, ……… ……?
12 You can’t come next week, ……… …….?
13 He should have come home earlier, ……… …?
14 We need some more sugar, ……… ………?
15 He used to live near here, ……… ?
16 He shouldn’t put so much salt in it, ……… ……?
17 You have read this article on the website, ……… ……?
Trang 2518 You don’t read this article on the website, ……… ………?
19 You mustn’t do that again, ……… ……?
20 You have heard about that, ……… ?
21 She is watching TV, ……… ……… ?
22 This boy doesn,t like milk, ……… ……….?
23 Mr Baker and Mr Brown are workers, ……… ……… ?
24 You can speak French, ……… ……….?
25 I am wrong, ……… ………….?
26 We won,t go to school tomorrow, ……….………… ?
27 They have leanrt that lesson, ……… ……?
28 Hoa was cooking dinner at that time, ……… ?
29 I must do that work, ……… ?
30 The students didn,t play soccer yesterday, ……… ?
31 Let,s go swimming, ?
32 Don,t make noise in class, ………?
* Nếu chủ ngữ là các danh từ thì chủ ngữ ở hỏi đuôi phải đổi thành các đại từ nhân xưng tương ứng
1 Ba’s village lies near the foot of the moutain, _?
2 Mary is reading a book in her room, ……… ?
3 His parents won’t buy him a new game, ……… ?
4 Nam did the work well, ……… ?
5 Daisy has seen that films several times, _?
6 Her daughter doesn’t spend time surfing the web, _?
7 Those men never worked on a farm, _?
8 People of different ages like this magazine, _?
9 Interactive TV is available now, _?
10 Our teachers have taken inspiration from some minorities, ?
11 Hung and I can eat those cakes, _?
12 His children may swim, _?
13 Nam and Binh have to study harder, _?
14 Women today often prefer to wear modern clothing at work, ?
15 The Parkers had a picnic on the river bank, _?
16 Lan used to walk past the mosque on her way to primary school, _?
17 My sister has to make this room tidy, _?
18 This poet has mentioned the ao dai in poems, _?
19 Linh didn’t feel confident in her favorite clothes, _?
20 The two cities are not the same in some ways, _?
* No/never
1 Nobody wrote poems yesterday, did they?
2 Nothing could be done, ……… ?
3 Nobody understands what the lady over there says, ……… …………?
4 Nothing makes you bored, ……… ………?
5 She never tells the truth, …….……… ……?
6 The woman seldom writes poems and stories, ….……… ……?
7 They never go to the theatre, ……… ?
* Let’s + thì hỏi đuôi là: shall we
1 Let’s listen to the radio, shall we?
2 Let’s forget unhappy things, ……… ?
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Trang 263 Let’s sing it again, ……… ……?
4 Let’s dance together, ……… …?
* I’m hoặc I am thì hỏi đuôi là: aren’t I
1) I am clever, ……… ?
2) I am wearing wrong shoes, ……… ……… ?
3) I’m late for the party, ……… ?
* Chủ ngữ là there thì ở hỏi đuôi vẫn là: there
1) There’s an examination tomorrow, ……… ?
2) There are many religions in Malasia, ……… ……… ?
* YES-NO QUESTION AND TAG-QUESTION (TĐT+ S + V……? <=> S + V, TĐT not + S?)
1 Do you like English?
-No, let’s not
-No I don’t want to
-I don’t think it’s a good idea
-No Why don’t we+ V1 ?-I prefer to
BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐỀ NGHỊ1- Give the correct form of the verbs:
1, I suggested (go) ……… to a restaurant by the seaside
2, I suggest (take) ……… …… a shower instead of a bath
3, He suggests they ( make) ……… posters on energy saving
4, How about ( save)……… …… energy
Trang 275, I suggest (use) ……… water economically.
2- Choose the best answer:
1, I think you ………… wear your best clothes to the party
2, I suggest ………… off the lights before going out
3, She suggested that we …… … walk to school
4, What about ……… soccer this afternoon
5, I suggest ………… Some money for poor children
6, Let’s ……… up the beach
7, He suggests………… a shower to save water
8, Let’s go somewhere for a drink, ……….?
3- Rewrite these sentences.
1, Shall wego to the cinema tonight?
4- Complete these sentences using the words given.
1, He/ suggested / go / night club
Trang 28Chuyên đề 9 : connectives (từ nối)
And, or, but: được gọi là liờn từ tập hợp Dựng để nối 2 từ, 2 cụm từ hay 2 mệnh đề cựng loại, cựng chức
năng hay cựng cấu trỳc
(cú thể dựng not only but also: khụng những mà cũn: để viết lại)
+He is handsome and generous (adj + adj)
chủ ngữ
+He is busy, so he can’t help you
= He is busy.Therefore, he can’t help you
