Cung can ndi them la phong trao sang tac van hgc trong thdi ky nay cdn dugc trg gitip dac lire cua bao chf, vd'n mgc len nhu nam ngay sau khi Campuehia dugc thanh lap va thtrc hien dudng
Trang 1NGHE THUAT BQN PHl/HNn
NHIN LAI VAN HOC CAMPUCHIA
SAU 199?
NGUYfiN SY TUAN
Ve van hgc, sir thay
ddi di nhan thay la
su tai lap Hgi
nhirng nha sang tac Khame
(Hdi nha van), vao ngay
12-4-1993 (1) Ltic tai lap, Hgi chi
cd 20 hgi vien, trong dd cd 11
hgi vien la nhtfng ngudi may
man cdn sd'ng sdt sau nan diet
chung, do nha van You Bo lam
Chti tich Hdi Sau dd, Hgi da
tie'n hanh phat trien them
nhilu hgi vien mdi d Phndm
Penh va cac tinh, thanh (de'n
nam 2003, Hdi da cd 186 hdi
vien), td chtrc cac ldp hgc ve
sang tac van hgc Dac biet,
Hdi da tfch circ van ddng cac
td ehtfc thudc chfnh phu va cac
td ehtfc phi chi'nh phu (NGO)
iing hd, tai trg cho phong trao
sang tac van hgc Tit nam
1995, Hdi da td chtfe cac eugc
thi sang tac van hgc, trao cac
giai thudng hang nam: (gidi
thudng Preah Sihanouk Riech
vdi sir hd trg cua Qudc vuang
N.Sihanouk va gidi thifdng
ngdy bdy thdng gieng vdi sir
hd trg cua Thu tudng Hun
Sen) Mdi mdt giai thudng deu
cd nhifng nguyen tac, the le,
tieu chf rieng Viec Thu tudng
Chfnh phu va Qudc vuong
dtfng ten giai thudng da thu
htit dugc nhieu ngudi sang tac
van hgc tham gia
Hai su kidn cd y nghia n(>ibatcudifKXX,k»Hidp dinh hda binh Paris ve Campuehia (1991) vd thanh ldp Chinh phu lidn
Campuehia (1993), da Idm thay ddi didn mao Campuehia, dda dd't nudc nay vdo thdi ky phat trien mdt Nl^u tthir ve kinh td, Campuehia thue hien mot ndn kinh td thj trtfdng tu do vatu nhdn bda thi vd'chinb tri, Campuehia trd lai che
dd quan ehu ldp hidn, ddng thdi thuc hidn dudng ldi ddn chd, tu do, da ddng
Nhdng thay ddi nay da keo theo su thay doi trong nhidu iinh vuc khde cua ddi sdng xa hdi
Cung can ndi them la phong trao sang tac van hgc trong thdi ky nay cdn dugc trg gitip dac lire cua bao chf, vd'n mgc len nhu nam ngay sau khi Campuehia dugc thanh lap va thtrc hien dudng ldi ttr do, dan chit Chi rieng
d Phndm Penh da cd 54 td bao, hau he't deu cd trang cd dinh de dang lien tire cac truyen ngan, tieu thuyet va tha
Trong cac cudc thi nay, ben canh mdt sd tac gia vd'n da xuat hien trong thdi ky Cgng hda nhan dan Campuehia (1979-1991) nay tie'p tuc khang dinh gia trj, tai nang cua minh trong giai doan mdi nhu Ven Xdn, Un Xoe Heang, Kum Pech Pinudn, Mau Xomnang , mdt sd tac gia tre
da xua't hien
Cac lihuynh liUdng van
hoc
Cd le hie'm nai dau nhu d day, chi trong khoang 40 nam, ngudi dan da trai 5 che do chfnh tri khac nhau (2), da nem trai, chiem nghiem de'n tan cung cua mgi sir dau khd, hanh phtic Cac nha van cung vay Mat khac, ttr sau nam 1993, Campuehia trd ve vdi the che quan chti lap hie'n nhung lai theo dudng ldi tu do, dan chti,
da nguyen, da dang Vi the Campuehia tdn tai rai nhieu dang phai (da cd ltic len tdi 57 dang phai), tao nen btfc tranh
chfnh tri da sdc mau Diiu nay
da tac ddng khdng nhd de'n ddi sdng van hda, xa hdi ciia Campuehia Trong linh virc van hgc nhieu khuynh hudng sang tae khac nhau da xuai hien Tuy nhien, nhin tdng quat, cd may khuynh hudng mang tinh ndi trdi sau day
Sd313 Thang 7-2010
Trang 2VAN HOA NGHI^ T H U A T MIWC MCOAI
Mdt la, tiep tuc vie't ve
nhirng ma't mat, dau thuang
ma dan tgc Campuehia phai
ganh chiu dudi thdi Pdl Pdt
Phai ndi rang diet chimg
khdng cdn la van de hay mdt
de tai mdi me, mang tinh thdi
sir Trong nhtrng nam tam
muoi cua the'ky trudc, nd ttrng
la khuynh hudng van hgc chu
dao Cac nha chi'nh tri thdi dd
cung tung yeu cau vie't ve che
do diet chung, vtra de nhan
dan nhan thtfc mdt each day
dli ve tdi ac cita che do diet
chung, lai vtra khdng dugc tao
nen cam giac sg hai, khdng
dam da'u tranh chd'ng lai bgn
diet chung Ttr sau nam 1993,
khi Campuehia budc vao thdi
ky hda binh, nhat la trong thdi
gian dau sau tdng tuyen cir,
khi hda giai hda hgp dan tgc
dugc coi la mdt chien lugc
nham tao nen stfe manh qudc
gia thi viei ve die dp diet
chiing lai mang mgt yeu cau
khac, khdng phai la khai day
hay khoet sau vao ndi dau vtra
li6n da thit ma la nhdc nhd
mgi ngudi, khdng vi sir bdn b6
cua cudc sd'ng hien thdi ma
quen mdt thdi qua khu dau
thuang
Hai la, tie'p tiic phan anh sir
kien ngay 7-1-1979 va khdng
dinh thanh tim cua che do
Cdng hda nhan dan
Campuehia Cac tac pham
theo khuynh hudng nay
thudng mang tinh luan de
nhdm chtfng minh cho mdt
chan ly rdng ne'u khdng cd
ngay nay thi Campuehia se
khdng cd cudc hdi sinh ky
dieu, se khdng cd Hiep dinh
hda binh Paris vi Campuehia
nam 1991, se khdng cd cudc tdng tuyen cir nam 1993, se khdng cd Vuong qudc Campuehia II (3) va ta't nhien khdng cd sir phat trien nhu ngay nay
Ba la, vie't ve cudc sd'ng
hien tai dudi tac ddng ciia nin
kinh te thj trudng va tu tudng dan chu, tiJ do, da dang
Nhtfng ngudi di theo khuynh hudng nay thudng bam sat hien thuc ddi sd'ng sdi dgng, nhilu mau ve, vdi nhtfng mang sang, td'i khac nhau, cd cam hirng mang tfnh nggi ca nhung
cung cd sir rtrt re e ngai vi
nhting mat trai cua nen kinh te thi trudng
Mot sd tac gia, tac pham tieu bieu
Ven Xdn (1939), hdi vien Hdi nha van, bdt dau sang tac van hoc ttr sau ngay Campuehia thoat khdi nan diet chiing Nam 1987, tac phdm
Mdi mdi dpi chd cua dng dat
giai ba Nam 1991, dng doat giai nha't cudc thi tho toan
qudc vdi tac phdm Ldi ddn
nhd tha (Bdn ddm kavdy) Ca
hai cudc thi nay do Bd Van hda, Thdng tin, Tuyen truyen
td chuc Sau nam 1993, Ven Sdn tiep tuc sang tac, trong dd
Ldi dan ngudi con Khame dat
giai tu ve tha gidi thudng
Preah Sihanouk Riech, nam
1996 va Gid'c ma thien du&ng
dat giai nhi ve tha gidi thifdng
ngdy bdy thdng gieng (1997)
Gid'c ma thien dudng tai hien
lai mgt each nhe nhang xa hdi Campuehia dudi thdi diet chung, nhdc nhd the he hien
tai cung nhu mai sau hay nha mai bai hgc sai lam ciia gidi
cam ddu Campuehia ddn chii
-nhung ngudi da sao chep y nguyen tu tudng ngoai qudc, gay nen tham hga cho dan tgc
Gidc ma thien dudng cdn
hudng ban dgc, nhai la lap
ngudi tre tudi, vao viec bao ve tieu ngif ciia Vuong quo'c
Campuehia la ddn tpc, ton
gido, nlid vua bdng cac bien
phap hda binh, phi bao luc Kum pech Pinudn (1961),
la thac si nghe thuat hgc, hign lam viec tai Khoa San khau, Dai hgc My thuat Hoang gia Budc vao lang van ttr nam
1983 vdi vd kich ndi Tdm
ldng anh, sau dd dng cdn co
cac tac phdm: Chu nong ddn
Kun (kich, 1984), Con sinh
trudc cha (kjch, 1985), Bdtoi
ke chuyen (truyen ngdn,
1987) Sau nam 1993, dng vdn tie'p tuc sang tac, trong do dang chti y nhat la tieu thuyet
Bdn nhgc vu quy bdt hanh,
tac pham dat giai nhi gidi
thudng ngdy bdy thdng gieng
(1997), xuat ban 1998 Bdn
nhgc vu quy bdt hanh dua
ngudi dgc trd ve nhtfng nam thang den td'i, ddi khd, loan lac dudi thdi Pdl Pd't Hai anh
em rudt Le va Lekhana lien ttrc bi Angea bdt lam lao dgng
khd sai trong cac cdng xd
ndng thdn ma thirc chat la cac
trai tap trung tra hinh Tif do
hg that lac nhau Nhung roi nhu mdt dinh menh, hai anh
em lai bi Angea dtmg ra mai md'i, cudi ga thuc chat la budc
hg phai thanh vg chdng Ndi cay ddng ciing cue nha't la hai
roi So 313
Thang 7-2010
Trang 3NGHE THUAT BON PHUONG anh em chi nhan ra nhau chfnh
vao llic ban nhae vu quy ndi
len
Un Xdcheang (1967), hgi
vien Hdi Nha van, hien lam
viec tai Bd Cdng nghiep, md
va nang lugng Ong bdt ddu
sang tac ttr nhirng nam tam
muoi ctia the ky trudc vdi hai
cud'n tieu thuye't Dudng vdo
trdi tim va Nguai viet tre
(1987) Nam 1989, dng doat
giai ba tai cudc thi van hgc
nghe thuat do TP Phndm Penh
td chiic vdi tieu thuyet Sdng
bien Sau nam 1993, dng tiep
tlie sang tac, trong dd Dem
yen tinh (tieu thuye't) dat gidi
thudng Preah Sihanouk Riech
(1995) va Ngdy khdng rai (4)
(tieu thuye't) doat giai nhai
gidi thudng ngdy bdy thdng
gieng (1997) Ngoai ra dng
edn cd mgt sd truyen ngdn
dang tren tap chf Nudc hd
Tdiile Sdp Ngdy khdng rai
md ta mdt each het stfc chan
thuc va sd'ng ddng Campuehia
trong thdi gian ba nam tam
thang hai muoi ngay dudi che
do Pdl Pdt Sd'ng trong mdt xa
hdi edn han la mdt dia nguc,
nhtmg ngudi dan Campuehia,
nhifng nd le hien dai, da bi
bie'n thanh nhtfng con vat
ngudi Cud'n tieu thuyet nhu
mdt cud'n phim quay cham
gdm 8 chuang Ttr chuong 1
Ldng trd'ng, chuong 2 Nhd
vdng, mieu ta sir khdi dau cua
ndi bat hanh, tat ca ngudi dan
bi Itia ra khdi lang, dudi ra
khdi nha de'n cac chuang tie'p
theo Tan va, Lua than cd, Che't
trudc khi diet, Dudi nhdng hgi
mua sdt, Bdn dd dia nguc, Tdi
khdng cd ldi md ta cudc sdng
CO cue ciia dan chting Campuehia ma dinh diem la canh hg phai an thit chfnh nhtfng dtfa con ctia minh de duy tri sir sd'ng Nhung rdi, ttr vuc sau cLia su bai hanh, niem hanh phtic vd bd chgt ap de'n, da't nudc Campuehia dugc giai phdng vao ngay 7-1-1979
(chuang 8, Cupc ddi mdi)
Kudng Bunchuan (1939), hdi vien Hdi nha van, bdt dau
su nghiep van ehuong ctia minh ttr nam 1957 vdi tieu
thuyet Bien chet, md ta cudc
ddi cua mgt tac gia da dau minh de viei ve bien hd Nam
1963, dng bi chfnh quyfin bat
vi tdi vie't Ldu ddi dia ngiic
(tieu thuyet) cd ngtr y phe
phan cpng ddng xd hpi binh
ddn do Hoang than
N.Sihanouk lanh dao Nam
1970 dng lai bi bdt giam vi tdi
da viet Ddu Id tuang lai cda
nd phe phan che dg cdng hda
cua tudng Lon-non, ngudi da lat dd Qudc trudng, Hoang than N Sihanue vao ngay 18-3-1970 Sau ngay 7-1-1979, dng lam viec tai Bg Van hda, Thdng tin, Tuyen truyfin
Trong thdi ky nay dng sang tac trd lai va cho xuat ban tap
tha Lua long (1983) Nam
1985 dng viei Ld lia cdnh
(tieu thuyei) ca nggi tam ldng qudc te cao ca ciia quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam, nhat la dd'i vdi nhtfng tre em md cdi Campuehia Nam 1987 dng
viei Ngudi di qua gidng bdo
(tieu thuye't) Ttr sau nam
1993, dng tie'p tiic sir nghiep van chuang cua minh vdi mdt
chiim tieu thuyet: Anh kiem
Pd N hiay at (1995), Hoa Rum dudn (1995), Dom ddm
(1995), Ndm md nguyen (1997), Sd phdn ndng
Marina (2000) Trong sd
nay, 3 tac phdm Hoa Riim
dudn, Dom ddm va Ndm md nguyen tuy khdng dugc giai
nhung lai gay dugc sir chti y trong gidi van chuang Campuehia duong thdi bdi each nhin thdi cudc qua nhtfng van d^ mdf me ma tac gia dat
ra Hoa Rum dudn tai hien
mdt each chan thtrc xa hdi Campuehia dudi thdi Cgng hda nhan dan Campuehia, mgt thdi khd khan nhung rat ddi hao hting Chang thanh nien Chet Chivin va cd gai Chan Rtim dudn, hai nhan vat trung tam ctia tieu thuyet, dai dien cho ldp thanh nien tre tudi Campuehia ltic dd, da dam chap nhan hy sinh mdi tinh dep de, tha mdng nhung cung ddy khd khan cua minh, de bao ve td qud'e, chd'ng lai tan
du cua bgn diet chiing Dom
ddm, lai tran trd vi mdt hien
thtrc mdi ma giai doan trudc chua dat ra hoac mdi chi manh nha, dd la n6n kinh te thi trudng va nhirng he Itry cua
nd Cam himg chu dao cua tac phdm la phe phan eac chudn muc xa hdi dang thay ddi mdt each nhanh chdng Bun Chuan tie'p tire di sau phan anh mgt
"xa hdi nha tu khdng ed tudng
bao quanh" qua Ndm md
nguyen, hudng ngudi dgc vao
nhifng gia tri bin vtfng, trudng
tdn cua truyen thdng van hda dan tde Hinh anh trung tam
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Trang 4VAN HOA NGHF THUAT MlWC MCOAI
CLia tie'u thuyet la canh may
ten dd te giet hai mdt ntf diin
vien mtia Apsara xinh dep d
ngay chan de Mac dau da
chei, chi vdn cam chdc trong
tay va gia cao btic phit dieu
Apsara Day la mdt hinh tugng
nghe thuat mang tfnh hu cau,
nhu'ng nd cd tinh bidu tugng
hei stfc sau sde, rdng sir tan
bao ed the nhai thdi giei hai
dugc ngu'di dan Campuehia vi
mat ihi xac, nhung khdng the
tieu diet dugc tam hdn dan tgc,
rdng cai thien rdi se chie'n
thdng cai ac
Pan Vannarira (1954), hgi
vien Hdi nha van, dd tu tai
phdn II nam 1974 Sau nam
1979, ba lam viec tai Phdng
van hda quan Cham Kamdn
(Phndm Penh) va la mgt trong
nhu'ng ngu'di sang lap Hgi nha
van Phndm Penh Trong
nhu'ng nam tam muoi (TK
XX), 2 tie'u thuyei Trdng td va
Chdn trdi mdi cua niem hy
vpng CLia ba da doat giai nhat
va giai nhi tai cuge thi van hgc
nghe thuat nhan ky niem 10
nam ngay dat nudc thoat khdi
nan diet chung (1979-1989)
Sau nam 1993, ba sang tac rat
nhiSu, chi tfnh den nam 2000,
da cd 24 tieu thuyet va 8 kich
video, trong dd Khdng the
quen doat giai nhat gidi
thudng Preah Sihanouk Riech
nam 1995 Khdng the quen la
cau chuyen ke ve ngudi con
gai md cdi ca cha ldn me,
khdng ngu'di than thi'ch, khdng
nai nuang tira Mdt con ngudi
ludn bi bam riei bdi cdc hinh
anh dan cdi, khdng nha,
khdng cira, lang thang, ddi
khat CLia quang ddi tudi tho
Chi cd Trung tam Hoa hdng (trai tre md cdi d Phndm Penh dudi thdi Cdng hda nhan dan Campuehia - NST) la nai dung than, la thien dudng de xoa diu ndi dau cho cd va cac ban tre
md cdi khac Khi cd chut vdn lieiig trong tay, cd khdng quen minh cd trach nhiem ddng gdp
de ctfu gitip nhtfng manh ddi
bai hanh Khdng the quen edn
la tie'ng ndi tu day long gitfa
cd gai md cdi vdi ngudi ban ddi thuang tat cua minh Hdi
ddng gidi thifdng Preah
Sihanouk Riech danh gid
Khdng the quen la mdt ang
van dep, nggi ca mdt cudc ddi
da biei vugt len sd phan, vugt qua mudn ngdn khd khan, dau tranh khdng ngung nghi, khdng chi vi ban than minh
ma cdn vi biei bao cudc ddi cung canh ngd Chfnh vi dieu nay ma nd da doat giai nhai
gidi thudng Preah Sihanouk Riech nam 1995 va dugc Hdi
nha van xuat ban nam 1996
Pdn Pixay (1958), nha tho, nhd van, hdi vien Hdi Nha van, lam viec tai Sd Cdng nghiep, md, nang lugng Phndm Penh, dugc biei den ttr
hai bai tho Linh hdn Khame
va Khame oi dugc phat tren
Dai phat thanh qudc gia nam
1973 Cung trong nam 1973,
ba cho xuai ban hai cudn tie'u
thuyet Cupc bupc chi cd tay
ddy nudc mdt va Tinh yeu sd
phdn Sau nam 1979, bd tie'p
tuc lam tho, trong dd hai bai
tho Dd Ihu Khome, No cd mpt
ddi (1983) dugc nhieu ngudi
biei den Nam 1991, truyen
tho Vdng mudi ctia ba dugc
giai khuye'n khfch tai Lien hoan sang tac van hgc nghe thuat toan qudc
Sau nam 1993, Pdn Pixay vie't kha nhieu Tuy nhien ngudi dgc chti y de'n Truyen
tho Sdn khdu ddi nguai, tac
phdm doat giai nhat gidi
thtfdng Preah Sihanouk Riech
(1995) va Hoa ke sd kdn, giai
nhi cudc thi do Trung tam Phit ntf Campuchfa td chtfe (1996)
Sdn khdu ddi ngudi la y nghia
cudc ddi ma mdi ngudi trai nghiem ttr nhifng gdc do khac nhau Thdng qua md'i quan he cua mdt gia dinh, vdi nhiing bie'n cd, thang trdm nhung vdn gitf dugc tinh cam yeu thuong gdn bd rudt ra, truyen tho d^ cao vai trd cua gia dinh trong giai doan dat nude cd nhtmg
thay ddi ve chudn mire, vi he
gia tri dudi tac ddng cua nen kinh te thi trudng Nhung tren
hei, Sdn khdu ddi ngudi la bai
ca ve ldng me khoan dung, nhan hau, la bai hgc gido due
ve sir binh ddng trong the he thanh nien nam ntf, khuyen ho lam tdt vai trd ngudi chdng, ngudi vg va cao han la hoan thanh trgng trdch ctia minh trong thdi ky mdi Cung co nhd nghien ctiu van hgc Campuehia di xa hon, cho
rdng Sdn khdu ddi ngudi
mang mdt y nghia bieu tugng
ve ba me Khame nhan hau, nhung dau thuong, di sud't doc dai cua lich sir dat nude (5) Mau Xomnang (1959), hOi vien Hdi nhd van, trinh lang bdng tde phdm ddu tay, tieu
thuyet Cdi ddc tinh (1982)
[ 7 | S 6 313
Thang 7-2010
Trang 5NGHE T H U A T BQN PHUONG
Nhtfng nam'dudf che'dd Cdng
hda nhan dan Campuehia, ba
la mdt trong nhitng ngudi sang
tac nhieu va deu dan nhdt Sau
nam 1993, ba vdn tiep tuc
sang tac Tfnh de'n nam 1996,
ba da cd tat ca 24 tie'u thuyet
va tren 10 vd kich video dugc
xuat ban, trong dd Sdng xd cdt
doat giai nhdt gidi thifdng
Preah Siliaiioiik Riech (1995),
xuat ban nam 1996 So vdi cac
tieu thuyet dugc giai khac,
Sdng xd cdt khdng day dan
bdng, chi ven ven 145 trang,
duge ehia thanh 7 phan (Hdi
lidu, Cdy cdu tinh yen, Hon
ddi, Hdn long, Dodn khdng ra,
Nhdn ngi, Ddu vet tinh yeu),
nhung Mau Xomnang da dua
ngudi dgc vao mgt the gidi
phtfc tap cua dai nudc
Campuehia sau khi thoat khdi
cudc ndi chien de budc vao
cudc sdng mdi Dd la mdt
Campuehia dang trong giai
doan chuydn ddi, vdi nhting
md'i quan he chdng cheo, dan
xen, phtfc tap, vdi nhung than
phan gidu sang cd, thap hen
ed, chi'nh trite cd, bat nhan cd
Bdi vay, cud'n sach day dp cae
bie'n cd, cac su kien, cac tinh
tiei, mac dau cdt truyen xoay
quanh than phan ciia mdt cd
gai bj chfnh ngudi cha rugt
ctia minh bd roi ttr khi cdn
ndm trong bung me Cau
chuyen bdt ddu ttr mgt chiit
hidu ldm ma dng Narei da
dudi ba Montha ra khdi nha
khi ba dang mang thai cd con
gai Bd Seba Ba Montha phai
kiem sd'ng va nudi con mgt
minh vdi bao ndi cd don, khd
cue Montha vd ciing uat han
Ba tim each tra thti chdng hdng each quyet chf nudi con gai an hgc nen ngudi Khdng phil long me, Bd Seba trd thanh mdt vien chtrc nhd bang
tu nhan Nhung cung nhu ngudi me cua minh, Bd Seba phai chiu bao sir va dap cua cudc ddi Mac ddu cd ltic mau thudn, xung dgt dugc ddy
len dinh didm, nhung Sdng xd
cdt lai kei thtic ed hau theo ldi
truyen thdng Ong Naret thtra nhan dtfa eon rudt cua minh,
va dugc ba Montha thdng cam, tha thti, ba Nali bi tdng giam, Dinan, ke sat nhan giet hai bd cd Danni va la ten budn lau kim cuong cung bi bdt
Dac biet, Duthi da thtra nhan sai lam va tai hgp cting Bd Seba
Cd the cd nhidu ngudi cho
rdng Sdng xd cdt cd qua nhieu
tinh tiei, sir kien ma qua mdng
ve khfa canh tam ly dd tao nen nhtfng nhan vat van hgc di'ch thtrc Nhan xet ndy khdng phai khdng cd ly Nhung, van hge Campuehia, nhu thudng thay, vdn thien ve mat hanh dgng
Didu nay cd ngudn gdc ttr trong lich sir van hgc, va lai,
nd cung phan anh, ddng thdi cung la de dap tfng mdt thi hieu mang tfnh phd quat ciia phdn ldn dgc gia Campuehia
ndi chung, dd la vdn diifang
dimg de dien did khdng phdi
de dgc Tuy nhien, ddi vdi
Mau Xomnang, didu ay cung khdng quan trgng ldm Cdi bd quan tam la hieu qua xa hdi
cua tac phdm 0 Song xd cdt,
Mau Xomnang da sir ditng mdt md tip rat quen thuge
trong van hgc Campuehia la than phan cua ngudi phit ntf, nhat la nhung phu ntf md cdi hay cd sd phan bai hanh Khac chang la cai thdng diep ma Mau Xomnang mudn chuydn tdi ddc gia Vdi Mau Xomnang, sdng la phai biet yeu cai dep, yeu chan ly, yeu
le phai, ghet thdi dd ky nhd nhen, ghet ban chai xau xa cua nhtrng ke hu hdng, ludn tim each huy hoai cudc sdng cua ngudi khac nhung cung biet nhan nhugng, tha thtf vdi nhiing ngudi biet nhan ra ldi
lam Cd the ndi, Sdng xd cdt
la cudc da'u tranh khdng ngoi nghi cua nhtfng con ngudi khdng nai nuong tira trong bao
to, gidng nhu nhung hat cat bi nhting dgt sdng lien hdi xd ddy tren bai bidn
Ngoai cac khuynh hudng chit dao tren, tuy chua trd thanh mdt khuynh hudng nhung da xuai hien nhifng nha van mud'n thir stfc minh trong loai truyen mang tinh thuang mai dd kiem sdng, mac dit sd ngudi thuc sir sdng dugc bdng nghe van la cue ft, neu khdng mud'n ndi la chua cd Ben canh
dd edn ed mot sd nha van dua vao cac cau chuyen cd dd sang tao them nhdm phirc vu nhu cdu cua mdt sd dgc gia cd tu tudng trd vd vdi qua khif huy hoang Angkor xua
Cd thd ndi, sau nam 1993, van hgc Campuehia dugc hdi sinh va dudng nhu nd dugc tiep them stfc mdi, it nhdt la vd
td ehtfc, dd tram hoa dua nd Nhung van hgc Campuehia
(Xi'in tiep trang 82)
Thang 7-2010 S6 313EJ1
Trang 6THOMC TIM VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
Theo quan niem truydn thd'ng cua ngudi
Mudng: ngay Pha ngang la ngdy xau khdng nen
lam gi; ngay Can trong la ngay td't lam dugc
mgi viec; ngay Xudm trong la ngay td't nhat cho
viec cudi hdi, danh chdi, cau ca; ngay Kim
trong la ngay lam dugc mgi viee nhung hieu
qua khdng cao; ngdy Pha rd, gid'ng nhu ngay
Pha ngang, nhung rieng viec lam vfa lai rat td't;
ngay Kim xa la ngdy chi nen danh vdo viec
cting dudi ma la td't nhat; ngay Xudm xa la
ngay di san, danh ca la td't nhat; ngdy Can xa la
ngay td't nha't danh cho tham hdi ban be, anh em
hg hang, nhtfng cdng viec giao tie'p
Ngudi Mudng trdnh khdi cdng lam nha, gieo
trdng vao ngdy sao tua rua di qua mat trang
Day la dieu quan trgng ma dng ba, cha me phai
can dan con chdu trudc khi ve rdng (4)
Ngudi Thdi d Thanh Hda sd'ng gan gui vdi
ngudi Mudng ttr lau ddi nen da sir dung bd lich
phap nay ciia ngudi Mudng nhu bd lich rieng
cita dan tde minh Do dd hai dan tgc Mudng,
Thdi da sir dtrng bd lich nay vdi mirc dich gdn
nhu gid'ng nhau
Nhin chung, lich phap ciia ngudi Mudng la
mdt phdn tri thiic tgc ngudi dugc bdt ngudn ttr
trong cudc sd'ng Day la nhirng kinh nghiem duge due ke't qua nhidu ddi, duge ehdt lgc trong sdn xuat, quan sat tir nhien va nhifng nghiem sinh trong ddi sd'ng tinh than, dan dan trd thdnh phong tue, tap quan dugc mgi ngudi trong cdng ddng tin va lam theo Trong ddi sd'ng hien dai, lich phap cita ngudi Mudng vdn cdn cd y nghia nhat dinh vd gia tri van hda, ve tfnh ban dia cua ndn hda Mudng trong ddng chay van hda dan tgc Viet Nam •
M.V.T
1 Theo so lieu thong ke trong tai lieu "Nghien cdu vdn de Mudng nuac" cua Ban dan toe mien niii Thanh Hoa
(6-1975) oThanh Hoa co 38 mucmg ciia ngucri Muong: Ba Thudc CO 11 mucmg Cam Thuy co 9 mucmg, Nhir Xuan co
1 muong, Ngpc Lac co 7 mucmg, Lang Chanh co 4 mucmg, Thach Thanh co 5 muong, va Yen Dinh co 1 muong Cac mucmg nay ton tai tru6c Cach mang thang Tam
2 Cao Son Hai, Tuc ngd Mudng Thanh Hoa, Nxb Vdn hoa Thong tin Ha Noi, 2002
3 4 Hoang Anh NhSn, Vdn hoa dm thuc Mudng, Nxb Vdn hoa Ddn tpc Ha Npi, 2003
NHIN LAI VAN HOC
(Tie'p theo trang 75)
ctfng phdi dung trudc mdt cudc canh tranh mdi:
van hda dgc bi Ian at bdi van hda nghe nhin
dang dugc hd trg dde lire cua cae phuong tien
ky thuat hien dai, cting tam ly hudng thu cua
mdt bd phan cdng ehiing, nhat la cdng chiing
tre Thii den, vi sir muu sinh, mdt bd phan ldn
cdng chiing khdng cd thdi gian va cifng chua cd
htmg thti den vdi van hgc Dtt sao, trong bd'i
canh hien thdi, nhtfng chuyen ddng, nhtfng
khuynh hudng van hgc Campuehia cung khd ro
rang vd rat dang dugc ghi nhan •
N.S.T
1 Hpi nha van Khome duoc thanh lap lan dSu tien vao
nam 1956, do nha van Rim kin, tac gia So Phdt, cudn tieu
thuyet hien dai dau tien cua Campuehia (1938), lam Chu
tich Hoi
2 Sau khi gianh dugc dpc lap (1953), Campuehia da trai qua 5 che dp chinh tri va mot thoi ky qua dp: Cong dong xa hpi binh dan (1954-1969), Cfing hoa Khome (1970-1975), Campuehia dan chu (1975-1979), Cpng hoa nhan dan Campuehia (1979-1991), Thai ky qua d6 duoi sir quan ly ciia UNTAC (1991-1993), thai Vuong qudc Campuehia (tir 1993 den nay)
3 Vuong qudc Campuehia I la thoi ky 1954-1969, dudi sir trj vi ctia Qudc vuong N.Sihanouk
4 Tieu thuyet nay cd tira de bang tieng Khome la Thd ngay mdn ru roi, nghia la ngay hoac mat trdi (thd ngay)
khdng (man) roi rung (rii rdi) Nd am chi den ngay
7-1-1979, ngay dat nudc Campuehia thoat khoi nan diet chiing Vi the ngay nay khdng bao gid roi riing trong tam kham ngudi Campuehia Bdi vay chting tdi tam dich tieu
thuydt nay la Ngdy khong red
5 Tan Xokhunthia, Sullen trien cua vdn hpc Khome
giai dogn 1979-1999, Phndm Penh, 2002 (tu lieu Vien
Han lam Hoang gia Campuehia, tie'ng Khame), tr.76
•in«S6 313
•H Thang 7-2010