Tài liệu STRATIGRAPHY AND AMMONITE FAUNA OF THE VOLGIAN AND BERRIASIAN ROCKS OF EAST GREENLAND ppt

The fauna here comprised species of Snrifes and small ammonites which may b r t,hc inrrcr whorls of Tollia pnyeri.. Tho Langeites Reds clearly include beds equivalent t o the bop of Lhc

MEDDELELSEK OM GRUNLAND

U1)GIVKE hF

ICOMMISSIONEN FOR VIDENSKAHELIGE UNDERSBGELSRH I GR0NLAND

BD 154 N R 4

D E IIANSKE EKSPEDITIONER TIL DSTGRONLAND 1947-58

UNDER LEDELSE A F LAUGE KOCH

STRATIGRAPHY AND AMMONITE FAUNA

OF THE VOLGIAN AND BERRIASIAN ROCKS

C O K T E N T S

PBYC

I'rrface 5

.ibstract 6

I Introduction 7

I T Thr localities and t hcir stratigraphy 8

1 Milne Land 8

2 Soutll-western Jorrlesun Land Y 3 Northenr Wollastun Forland 9

4 Weslern K u h n O 1.1 5 East crn Kuhn M 1 3 6 The ammonite sequence 13

111 Correlation I h 1 Russia I 4 2 England 16

3 Conclllsions 18

I\ Systematic paloeontology 19

1 Referrrlces tu litrruture 32

to date their correlation, and this is the object of this paper

I was accompanied by Mr A WYTTETRACII as field assistant, and wish t o thank him for his help In Milne Land I also had the advantage

of the company of Dr J H CALLOMON 1 am indebted t o Dr L A U G K I<oc~r and his secretary, Miss IXGRID BSCK, for discussion and for assi- stance with publication

I have had useful discussions on correlation with Dr R CASI:Y of the Geological Survcy Dr hf K HOWARTH of tbc British MUSBIIIIL (Natural History) has kindly supplied photographs ol arr~monites from the Spilsby Sandstone The olher photographs illustrating the papcrwere taken by Mr E W S J ~ A V I L L a t Bristol University

Bristol, July 1962

Abstract

The localilirs a l n-l~ich Lalr dnrlwsic and L u x ~ r r ~ n o s t Cretaceous rocks ha\-r

liven rnnnrl in nast Grwnland arc rcrirlrcd a n d some of t l ~ r r n redescribed T ~ P higllest lnrassic fauna is characterized I]>- the ammonite I,augrite.s, and is proba- bly to he c o r r e l a t e d ~ v i t l ~ the Lox\-er Volpian of Russia There is no positive evidence for the presence of UliperVolgian T l ~ r rarlirsl Crelaceous fauna has thc am~nonites

Tollia, Srrrite.7 and Hertorocerns artrl vo~rrspurl<lr I,, llle Ryazanian of S ~ z o ~ n v or

Lu\vrr Valanginiatl or olhrr R ~ ~ s s i a n nt~tho~,s ailll In ilrr Rrrriasian of ~rcstcrn authors Corrclaiion with thc English scquencc is also disrrrssecl

The palaeor~tology of the i m ~ ~ n o n i t e genera Laupeites, S u r i l ~ s ancl Tollia is Lreoled s~slr~n;rliiallq- T l ~ r e e new sprcirs or Lnrrgrires uri named, dcscrih~d a n d

ligurrcl

Among the numerous illesozoic a m ~ n o ~ l i l e faunas collected b y LAUGE

1 Z o c ~ ' s ~ h r e e - y e a r anil Two-Year Expeditions t o East Greenland and described by the late Dr I, F SPATI] (see n o l - o v x , 1957, PI) 1C-10) were several helonging to littleknowrr horizons near t l ~ e top oI the Jnrassic system anrl (,he base of t h e Cretaceous Describing some of them SPATH (1946, 1947, 1952) gave much attention t o problems of dating and corrc- lation, arrd t,o l l ~ e sequence of faunas rrcar t h c Jurassir.-Crel,a(:eous

boundary At one time (1947, 11 8.) Ire had hopes t h a t discoveries in East Greenland might roake an important contribution to t h e problem

of defining t h e Jurassi1:-C~.etaceolls boundary and working out thc stm- I,igraphy of t h c beds immediately above and bclow Thcsr: hopes have not been i~~lfilled, and it is now cl<.ar, as will he s h o r n , t h a t there is a gap

in t,he ammonite sequrxlr~e known from East Greenland as compared with Europe and Russia Since I attempted to summarisc tho question from inadequate knowledge in 1957 (p 142), I havc been able t,o visil most

of the 1or:;rlilies and collect fossils Thcsc fossils are described and illu- stratrtl in this paper, arul arrompanied b y a review of stratigraphy arrd

<:orrelation

In ad,lit:ion to my own collcctiuris, I have stu(lied material collected

a t t h e Nirsen in Wollaston Forlanrl 11y A J STAXDRING and E ITT

RORERTS in 1952, and 11y F PERREYOLID and 0 KOY in 1956

11 T H E LOCA1,ITIES A N D T H E I R S1'H.ATIGRAPHY

Rocks of lalest Jurassic and Berriasian age arp krtown from five places in East Greenland, namely 1) Milne Land: 2) soutll-western Jamc- son Land; 3) northern Wollaston Forland; 4) I\-?;tern ICnhn B and 5) eastern Kohn 0 These will he reviewed in turn

The sequence a t Hartz Fjeld in castern Milne Land \\-as re-'xamined

by Dr J H CILT.OMOX and the wriber in 1957 T h e i'<~llnn-ins sequence was noted in part of thc Harzfjald Sandstone (for general succession in Milne Land sco UONOVAX 1957, p 41; CALLOMON, ICltil p 2 6 4 ) :

m

7 Whil,ish sands with indctcrminale hivalves

sandstone, ovrrlying glnuc-~~nitic sand-

g ~ o ~ n l a r ~ d i e a (SPATH), and Iussil \t~ooil c I

20

4 Kust,y weal,I~wring glauconitic, miraceor~s sandstonr: fr.durnent,ary

3

impression of a large Laageiles, and t,wo whorl f r a ~ m ~ - n l ~ of the

N e sarne genus Impressinns u l bivalvcs and g a s t r u p o d ~ c 1

Hrarhiopnd bed forming top of Glauconitic Series

The Lingula-Bank of ALDINGER (1935, p 67) was not identified,

but is almost certainly either 11cd 2 or 4 ; from it, SPATH (1935, p 82) described Laugcifes groenlandicus Also from t h e IIartafjzld Sandstone ahovc t h e Lingula-Bank, SPATH described and figured two new ammonite species (1936, pp 85-87) which hc assigned to Crnspedites, although there seems no rcason to pnt them in this genns (see below, p 25) The suggestion is now made t h a t t1lese sirtall, ill-preserved ammonilcs may helong to t h e genus Tollia For t h e division into Lower and Upper IIartzfjalrl Sandstone, see page 15

1V Stratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland 9

2 South-western Jameson Land

A suc~cession here was observed b y MAYNC and puhlished b y SPATH (1947, p 49) The only fossiliferous beds are the Hectoroceras Beds which occur in t h e middle of a scries of barren strata Apart from the genus

IIectoroceras, t h e only ammonites are some poorly preserved "peri- sphinctids" all identified b y SPATH as Snbcraspedites, Their slratigraphical relationship t o Nectoroceras is not c,lmr At locality 318 t h e two kinds

of ammonite are said t o have been found in association (SPATH, 1947,

pp 50, 53) Some of t h e "Suhcraspedites" from here (SPATII, op cit 1'1 1, fig 6, pl 4, figs 11-13) could he Tollia of t h e group rer:ordcd

by SPATH from Milne 1,and as Subcraspedite.~ An arnmonite figured from locality 305 (Pl 4, fig 1) could be a Laugeiles not very different from

L intermedins sp nov SPATH regarded his "Suhcra.~pedites" as occurring

in general bclow Iiectoroceras, but t h e field evidence for this is not very clear

At Auc~ellaelv, about 38 km west-north-west of Kap Stewart, a loose block yielded ammonites which were figured by SPATH (1936) as Pecti- natitrs? I n t,hc present paper (p 21) thcsc are referred t o Langeites jamesoni sp nov The formation from whirh the block was derived has not been discovered

3 Northern Wollaston Forland

Tbe important loralily here is t h e mountain namcd t h e Niesen by tho Swiss members of LAUCE I<ocH's 1936-38 expedition, marked as a

688 m summit on t.he Geodetic Institute 1 :250.000 map A resumt of earlier knowledge of t h e succession was made by D o ~ o v ~ n (1957, p 62

R: fig 13) Since t h a t account was written, the mountain has again been visitcd, b y Messrs F I'ERRESOUD and 0 R O Y in 1956, and h y t h e present writer in 1957 These visits render t,he curlier accounts oul of date

A rcviscd geological sketch-map of tho area is given in figure 1

VISCHER anti \ l , \ y n c , whose map was p~ihlished by l i o c ~ (1950, pl 6) mapped two serlimenlary scries, t h e Rigi Series of supposed I!pper Jurassic age, and the Niesen Reds (Valanginian in the key to KOCH'S

pl 6) placed in t h e lowest Cretaceons, divided into Lower Niesen Rods (Berriasian) and Upper Niesen Beds (Valanginian) The Kigi Series was named after the monntain Rigi (summit 484 m on Ccodetic Institute map, 7 km south-west of t h e Nicsen) where a thick series of cong- lon~cratcs and sandstones outcrops A careful examination b y t h e pre- sent writer ol the conntry between t h e Niesen and t h e Kigi, both on

t h e ground and from t h e air, showed beyond doubt that t h e Kigi Series

Upper Niesen Beds

Fig 1 Geologicill s k e t i i i I!I,BI> "I parls of Wollnst,on Forland and K u h n D, Easl, Greenland Scale: 1 :2511,111111 I3ased on t,he mapping hy V1scnr.n and M A Y N C , publish-

ed by R,II:H (1950, pl 61, modified by the writer's own observations Suprrficial

denosits o~rritted

and t h e Lowcr Niesen Beds are one and t h e same formation; t h e promi- nent conglomernle hands can be followed through from t h e outcrop of t,he Lower Niesen Beds to t h a t of the "Rigi Series" without a break, dipping steadily westwards a t a few degrees

OJI ac~ount, of the westerly dip the lowest beds a t t h e Niesen are

1 v Stratigraphy and am mil nit,^ Fauna o l East Greanlarld 11

exposed a t t h e eastern end of t h e coastal flank of the mountain 'rey, pcl~bly sands hegin t o he exposed a t 27 m altitude, and pass up into

"handed beds" which r:unsist of ycllow sand altcrnating with grey or blac,k shaly sand and shale, the yellow sand layers being c Z rrn thick

I n this series a t altitude 90 m were collected some poor ammonite im- pressions which arc idcnl,ified as lArrrrgeitee ?pnrons sp nov The handed beds contir~uc 1111 LO 115 m, and are s~~cceeded by whitish sands with hands of sandsl,one which form crags

At a n altitude of 235 m MAYNC (19'19, p 96) found t h e ammonil.es which were descrihcd lty S ~ A T F I (1952) ;is thc rrcw gcrrus Praetollia, here placed in Tollia (p 27) This fossil bed has not heen 1.e-lo11nd hy l;rt,cr visitors t o t h e mountain Thirteen metres higher MAYNC found a specimen

of Hreloroceras which u7as figured by SPATXI (1947, pl 3, fig 2 ; \vrongly

localised, corrected S P A T I I 1952, p 13) S T ~ N D R I N C T in 1952 collected Hectorocerns s ~ t juv from a n outcrop a t 285 rn, and from a loose bloc,k ncarhy larger examples of t h e genus which appear closely similar in

p r e s e r ~ ~ a t i o n t o l\Ia~?ic's cxamplc figured h y SPATH I t seems likely t h a t hoth RIAYEC'S and S ~ I ~ A N ~ R T S G ' S finds wcrc frorrl thc same horizon

At 305 rrr on Lhe north-easl.ern spur of Llle Niesen t l ~ c prcscrrt writcr discoverer1 ammonites in a horizon of brown-weathering, c a l c a r c o ~ ~ s

"doggers" in sands Ammonites identical in preservation and matrix, and clearly frorrr the same Iossil l d , were i:ollevt,ed lty S I A N I ) I I I Y G a t

localities rei:orrlerl as 020 and 322 m The 11iffel.enre in altibllrle is douhtlcss duc either t o t h e dip of the rocks or t o inaccnracy of t h e altimeters nsed The fauna here comprised species of Snrifes and small ammonites which may b r t,hc inrrcr whorls of Tollia pnyeri

Bitween 360 and 370 m, on the same flank of t h e moontain, the

writer found similar doggers and platy-weathering sandstones, which contained occasional exarnples of Surifes and abundant Tollia An example of t h e lat,t,cr gcrlus frorrt this level was figured b y SPATII (1952,

pl 4, fig 8) as Tollia pnyeri (TOULI), bill does not exa~:lly agree will1 thal, species (see page 30) Ammonites indistinguishable from Tollia ("Praetollian) moynci were also fourtd a t t h e horizon

At 41 4 m t,he writcr lollnll, near the r1ort.h-cast,em flank of t,hc moun- tain, nodllles wibh lypical Valanginian Poly~~tyd,itrs.Valnrlginian ammoni- I,es have been found by all collectors a t various higher levels, and Lqtico- ceros occurs a t the sumrr~it (SP\.I.II, 1946, p 6 ; confirmed by later c,ollecting)

4 Western Kuhn 0

The country behind "Haakonshytta", a ruined trappers' hut, is dissected 11y slrenm valleys I 5 Lo 00 m deep Thesc \,alleys show a number of sections through conglomerates, sands and sandstones, and

Fig 2 Rkebcll map of the country north and easl, 01 'Haalionshyti,a', western

Kuhn 0 Scale: 1 : 18.000 approx

dark grey shales which arc often banded with thin laminae of yellow

sand Ono interpretation ol lhe exposures has heen published h y MAYXC

(1947, pp 2 8 3 6 ; 1949, pp 27-32) In summarising it I have already

(1957, p 51)) expressed doubt as t o f.he regular cyclic sedimentation

which MAYNC finds Having seen the exposures since writing m y 1'357

paper, 1 can only repeat that I can not accept tho existence of Maunc's

four cycles Thcre is certainly alternation of lithology, and prohahly

rapid lateral variation, but further t h a n this I am not prepared to go

The dip of the rocks exposed in the 17all~g sides is often vcry nearly

1 v Stratigraphy and Anr~nonite Fauna of E a s t Greenland 1 3 the same as t h e gradient of t h e stream, and for this reason i t was found impossible t o correlate or place in stratigraphical order t h e isolated exposures which were recorded A sketch map of t h e area, showing the outcrops observed and t h e locality numbers referred to in the palaeon- tological part of this paper, is given in figure 2

The commonest ammonite in these rocks is Laugriles of which a t

least five species arc representcd in collections made b y the writer in

1957 They arc described on pages 19-23 The only other ammonites found were fragment.^ of pavlovid type perisphinctids, and a single impres-

sion of a ?Praetollia a t locality 6 No definite succession can he observed among thcsc ammonites MAYNC found a n example of Subcraspediles, associated in the same piece of rock with Lau,geites (specimens figured

b y SPATH, 1!E52, pl 4, figs 1, 4) SPATH assumed t h a t these specimens

were derived because he believed Laugriles t o be a Jurassic, and Snb-

cra,spcditrs a Crctaccons ammonitu This interpretation has already been

questioned ( D o x o v ~ ~ , 1957, p 143) and is now known to be unne- cessary as a result of new evidence as to the ages of thcsc gcncra, dis- cussed further on page 17

5 Eastern Kuhn 0

An exposure of Berriasian rocks somewhere on Lhe cast coast of Kuhn 0 was found hy tho Second German Expedition ol 1870 71,

for they collcctcd Tollin payeri (TOULA, 1874, p 498, pl 1, fig I ) ,

Pachyfeathis and B l s c l ~ i a concrnfrica Tho locality has not been re-disco-

vered by later workers (see Donov.&~, 1957, pp 64-5)

6 The ammonite sequence

The sequence of ammonites a t t h e various localitics may he sum- marised and correlated as follows:

Laugeites with

Sr~hrroap~diter Laugeites with

sharp-ribbed perisphinctids

111 CORRELATION

The succession in Lhe Volga Basin in European Russia currently recognised is roproduced below from OVECEIKIN (1(J58), S ~ z o ~ o v (1951) and the Lexicon (U.R.S.S fasc iii, l958)

The Volgian zones arc taken from the Lexicon (fasc iii, pp 1 6 6 2 3 )

O Y H C I I K I V (1958, p 560) differs from this in stating t h a t the indcx of

Craspcdites hachprrrieus & C rrodi- r -' n

I v Stnltigr,aphy and Ammonilr Fauna or E a s l Gvrenland 15

the middle zone of the Upper Volgian is Garniericeras catennlatnm Tho zone characterised by specics of Surites has been found by S n z o ~ o v (1!I51) t o occupy a disi.inc1 posit,ion above the horizon of Rinsnnites rjasanensis and below Tullia Snzoxov coined the term "Ryazanian" for t h e beds with Hiasanites and Surites, hut i t does not seem t o havc been generally adopt,crl

NIKITIN (1884) recorded Laugeilrs (as Perisphinete.~ srselruroztskii)

in t h e Virgat,us Zone of t h e Jaroslawl district NIKITIN regarded the Virgatus Zone as the topmost zone of the Lower Volgian, but sincc his day zones of Lomono.s.sovrlln hlnkri (Pnvr.0v) artd Epivirgatitf<s nikitini ( M I C H ~ L S K T ) have been recognised above it The two last-named zones may overlap (ARKELL 1956, p 1194) Zoivov (1937, p 40) stated t h a t t h e Laugcites beds lie above t h e Nikitini Zone, immediately below t h e beds with Kachpurites, along parts of t h e course of t h c Volga, and NIKITIN'S record frorrr Vir,gntus Zone, is, doubtless, dne t o t h e fact t h a t t h e higher zoncs of the Lower Volgian had not then been separated I n t h e central par1 of t h e Soviet Arctic 1,aageitcs ;~lso ocxurs a t t h c t o p of the Lower Volgian ( O ~ ~ ; C I I K I N 1958, p 574) At:r:or~ling Lo 1,r:rrov and DRUSHCHITZ

(1!358, p 90) T,augcitr.s occnrs both in the npper part of t h e Lower Volgian and the lower part of t h e Upper Volgian NIKITIY recorded Perisphinctes St,sclrurozt.skii from tho Sodigor Zonc of t h e Uppcr Volgian (1884, p 73, repeated b y A I I K ~ : ~ ~ 1956, p 493)

Tho Ryazanian Stage was proposed by S.&zoivov (1!)51) but later retracted b y him

I n terms of this succession i t is a t onc,e d e a r t h a t there is no fossil- evidence for t h e prc.s(:nre in East Gree~llanrl or any of the Upper Volgian zoncs, characlerised in Russia by Craspedites and Kachpurites, or for the Rjasanensis Zone

I n hlilne Land t h c Hartzfjzld Sandstone was divided b y SPATH (1936, p 1/19) into a n "npper pnrl" and a "lower part.", separated b y

t h e Lingula-Bank This scheme is now slightly modified t o recognise a T.ower Hartzfjadd Sandstone, up t o and including t h e Lingula-Bsrtk (the highest occurrcncc ol 1,aageites; probably her1 4 o f t h e section on page 8) of Lowcr Volgian age; and an Upper I I a r t z f j d d Sandstone,

of early Cretaceolis date, comprising t h e remainder of t h e formation

I n south-western Jameson Land the Hectoroceras Beds arc of Berriasian age

Tn t h e Niesrn (north-western U'ollaston Forland) and western Kuhn

0 l.he lowest beds exposed are t h e "banded beds" of rapidly alternating black shale and yellow sand, assoc,iated with sandstones and conglorne- rates and yielding Laugeifes Thcsc bcds wcrc rrlappcd b y VISCHER and

M n v x c as Rigi Series (pl 6 in ICOCH, 1950) They are now named t h e

Laugeites Beds, since they lie below, and are differentiated from (cf

K A Y N C , 1949, pp 9 5 , 9 9 ) , the Niesen Beds with which the Rigi Series

is synonymous Tho Langeites Reds clearly include beds equivalent t o the bop of Lhc Lower Volgian, as shown by tho presence of Laugeiles

and of ammonites similar t o Epiuirgntites

The equivalence of the Niesen Beds and tho Rigi Series has alreatly been pointed out Both terms have eqnal priority, dating from MAYNC

(1947), and Niesen Beds is t o be preferred because the detailed succession

a t t h e type locality is hotter known The division into Lower and Upper Niesen Beds is made on palaeont.ological gronnds, the beds with llectoro- ceras, Surites and Tollia, about 300 m thick, being r~?garded as 1.ower Niesen Bcds, and the remainder, from an altitude of j11st above 400 m

t o the summit, as Upper Niesen Beds, aboul, 270 m thick

The identification ol Surires spasskensis enables the Spasskensis Zone to be rrcognised in the Lower Niescn Beds Species here assigned

1.0 Tollia ('LPractollia" of S P A T I I ) , and Hectorocer(~.~ already occur bnlow

Surites a t t,he Niescn, but as thcre is nothing t o suggest the presence

of the Rjasancnsis Zone, they are j~rovisiorlally includcd in f.he Spassken- sis Zone I t may be t h a t tho Stenomphala Zone is represented h y the fossil horizon a t 360-370 m on the Niesen, containing abundant Tollia

wilh occasional Surites The writer has not fonnd a sufficiently detailed account of the seqnerlce ol Tollia species in t h r Russian succession t o

he able to make detailed comparison

The dates of formalions in East Greenland may be tabulaled:

8 W Jarnesnn Wollaston Fur- Westcm Russian Stages Milne Land l a n d : Niesen K ~ l h n $3

Ryasanian or Upper Hart,%

Lower fjnld Hcctoroccras Lower Siesen -

T7alanginian Sandstone Bcds Bcds

Volgian

Lower Lowm Wartz-

Vulgian Ijield - Laugeiles Beds Laugeites Beds

Sandstone Correlation of formations is, of course, only approximate, and the exact equation of their up11cr and lower limits is not suggested

Tho correlation given above is different from that of SPATR (1952,

p 20) The reason for t h e diffcrenre is t h a t SPATXI regarded S~~hcrnspe- dites as an early Cretaceous ammonite He did so, presumably, because

1v Stratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland 17

the formation from which Subcraspedites was dexribed, the Spilsby

Sandstone of Lincolnshire, England, rests nnconformably on Upper Jurassic rocks and was consequently regarded as Cretaceous This obliged

him t o assumc t h a t the Lnugeiles and Snbcraspedites associated in the

same horizon of t.he Laugcites Beds were hnth derived, although he had no physical evidence t o snggest this1) He theretore dated t h e Lan- gcitcs Bods as, a t least in part,, younger t h a n the Spilsby Sandstone

(1 952, p 19)

The obvious placing of the Laugeites Rods a t about the boundary

between Lower and IJpper Volgiari of Russia, on the basis of Laugeires,

now falls into line with recent work in England On the hasis of inde- pendent evidence, namely thc recognition of autochthonous Portlandian and Volgian ammonites, CASEY has revised the dating of t h e Spilshy Sandstone the basement bed or whic,h he regards as the equivalent of thc npper part of t h e Portland Beds of southern England If, with ARKELL

(1946, pp 24-28), we place the Portland Beds in the upper part of the Lower Volgian, they, the Laugeitcs Beds and t.he basement bed of t h e Spilsby Sandstone are not very different in age

Their exact relationship is more difficult t o decide Tho pavloviids from t h e La~lgeites Rcds, though they s~lggost a Portlandian datc, would

he too fragmentary for close corrolation even if thc English Porlland

ammonites were better known Laugrites has not been rccognised in either the Spilsl~y Sandstone or the Portland Beds Subcmspedites,

common in the basement bed of the Spilshy Sandstone, is rare in the Laugeites Beds The diIGc~llty of piecing together a sequence Iron1 isolat,cd exposures of the Laugeites Reds has already bccn explained (p is), but if we accept that Subcraspedites occurs in t h e i~pperrnost

part of the formation ( ~ I A Y N C , 1949, p 31) then Lhis horizon may overlap the base of the Spilsby Sandstonc This correlation is in accordance with

Lhe hypot,hesis (p 26) t h a t S ~ z b c r a ~ p e d i f e s evolved from Lnugeites; but

the hypothesis is as yet insu up ported by good stratigraphical evidcncc, and must not be used in support of the correlation Alternatively, it may

b e t h a t I,augeites and Subcraspedilec rcplace one another gcographically

Lastly, the East Greenland succession throws light on the date of the Sandringham Sands, Norfolk, England, in which the amrrionitc

IIectoroceras was recently recorded (CASEY, 1961) for the first time outside East Greenland They turn out t o be equivalent, in part, t o the

I ) Presumablr SPATH assumed this as a rrsult of his pending of t h e fossil evidence

lor although he states it without f~lrtller comment, M A Y N C who collected t h e fossils says nr,l.lring uf dprived fossils in his plrhlislled accounts ( 1 9 4 7 , 19'a!l) The amrnonitc shells in the I,a~~geiles Beds are filled wi1.h sandstune identical with Lhe nratrix, and derivation secms most irnprohshle

2

Lower Nicsen Reds, and t,o t.he upper part, of thi; Spilsby Sandstone They must he placed in, or just below, t h e Spasskensis Zone

3 Conclusion

Formations in East Greenland near t h e .Turassi(:-Cretar:,cous bound-

a r y can now be dated in terms of t h e succession in ILhe Volpr Basin

of Kussia The Upper Volgian is not proved in East Greenland, and the lowest Cretaceous horizon is identified as the Spasskensis Zone The lowest Cret.aoeoiis beds in East Greenland Iall in t h o Rcrriasian Stage, but the succession does not throw any light on t h e correlation of t h e base of t h e Rcrriasian, as dcfincd in sout,h-castcrn France, with t h e Volgn Rasirr stapcs

IV SYSTEMATIC 1'AI.AEOSTOLOGY

Superfamily PERISPHINCTACEAE STEINMANN 1890

Farnily Perisphinctidae S T E I N M ~ N N , 1890 Suhlarnily V i r g a t o s p h i n c t i n a e Smrrr, 1923

Genus LAIJCEITES S P A ~ H , 1936

The genus was proposed by SPATH (1936a) t o replace fichina

SPATH (1!13(i, p 81) which was preoccupied The type spec,ies is L groen- landicl~s (SPATH) A later synonym is Stsehurovslrya I I O ~ A I S K Y (1!141)')

with type species Perisphinctes slschlcrou~.skii NIKITIN (1881, p 83, pl 7,

figs 53-56) Per rtschurotr~.sskii was included in ICochirza by SPITH, who

cited NIKITIN'S figure 53 which shows inner whorls only NIKITIN'S

illustrations are not very well drawn and interpretation of t h e species

is not casy In 1885 (p 129, pl 4, fig 17) NIKITIN figured as Per atf

sfschurozcrskii an arnrnnrdte which appears lo he smooth by a dinrncter

of 5 cm; neither t h e preservat.inl~ nor t h e drawing, however, is very good R ~ I C H A L S K I (1890, pp 250, 462, pl 12, figs 4 a , b) gave a n excellent

f i g u r e ~ f l I,he inner whorls of t h e species

Laugeites aff groenlandicus (SPATH)

1836 Iiorhino groenln,tdiea RFITH p 82, p l 36, figs 1 a , h, pl 38, figs 1 a< (holo- type)

1936 a Lal~gciles g r o r n l ~ ~ n d i c a (SPATHI SPATE, p 3 3 4

No further material from t h e type horizon and loralily, the Lingula Bed on FIarbz Fjeld, Alilnc Land, has come t o light, despite search by

Dr J H C a ~ ~ o n r o x in 19.57 and 1958 The species diffcrs from L stschu- ro7r;skii (NIKITIN), as exemplified hy ~ I K I T I N ' S largest figured specimen (1881, pl 7, fig 55) by its wider ~lmhilicus, 4Z0/, for t h e holotype a t maximr~m size as corr~pared with 3B0/, a t l.lue same size for the Russian

1) Cited thus h? LL'PPO\- and Unl S H I : M ~ T Z (1958, p 89) What is evidently thr

same genus \\.as meritiuned b~ Zorov (1934, pp 88 4 0 ) as Slschuro~~slriy; ? a nomen

nrcds,,c a t t h a t datr

2*

specimen This is hardly significant; Lhe apparent early loss of primaries

in t h e Russian species may not be significant either, for NIKITIX'S illustrations leave much to be desired I t may he, lhercfore, t h a t L

groenlandicns will turn out to h o a synonym of L stschurozo.skii, b u t it

seems unjustifiable to drop SPATH'S name until hetter figures of N I n r ~ r s ' s species become available

A poor, partly crushed example from locality 10, ICulln @, agrees with the holotype as far as it goes; it shows neither suture-lincs, nor any ornament on the inner whorls Two fragments of large ammonites from locality 4 are close to t h e species

Laugeites intermedius sp nov

Type: Thc holotypc is a n oxarrlplo from locality 2, Kuhn 0, illu- st,ml.ed in p1al.e 1, figlire 1 There are paratypcs from the same locality Diagnosis: The species was probably between eight and nine centi- metres in diameter when adult The holotype at a diarrrct,er of 7.6 cm has t h e umbilicus 40°/,, and t h e whorl thickness abont 2 5 " / / , of t h e diameter Most examples are too fragmentary or distorted for measure- ment, but the one shown in plate 1, figure 5 has t,he umbilicus 3701,

a t a diameter of 4.1 cm., and t h e specimen from locality 10 (pl 2, figs

3, 4) has t h e umhilicus about 4 0 ° / , and thickness 2G0/,, bnt is distorted The i r ~ r ~ e r whorls have ahout 35 primary ribs to the whorl, b u t on the last whorl t h e primaries become more widely-spaced, as shown b y the holotype Constrictions arc present and irregularly spaced The snbure- line is shown in texl-figure 3c

The species is dislingnislled from ' parvus h y the less numerous

ribs, thicker whorls and larger size Lnugeiles groenlnndicus has similar

proportions and rib-freqiienc,y to L intermedius, hut has a smoot,h

1)ody-cllerr~hcr and is more than i,wice the sizc

The body chamber of Laugeites intermedins shows a close resem- blance t o t h a t of Subcraspedites preplicomphalus SWIXNERTON from tho Spilsby Sandstone of England The holotype of SWINNERTON'S species

is refigured hcre (pl 1 , fig 3) for comparison

Occnrrence: Holotype and six incomplete specimens from locality 2,

Kuhn 0 Body-chamber (pl 2 , figs 3 , 4) from locality 10 A lairly complete example, fivc f r a g m ~ n t ~ s and two impressions from locality 11

A possible fragment, from Lhe north-east flank of t h e Niesen, Wolla- slon Forland, ti1 a n altitude of 90 m in banded beds; t h e same level

as L ?paruus recorded on page 11

Iv Stratigraphy and A~nrnonite Fauna of East Greenland

Laugeites jamesoni sp nov

P1 2, fig 1

1936 I'ertinatites sp ind SPATH, pp 8 3 , 175, PI 37, figs, I a, b , (bolotype), 3

?1936 P~etinafiles? (Kerntinites?) sp ind SPATE, pp 83, ,175, pl 36, fig 2, pl 38,

of forward r:nrve of t h e secondaries over t h e venter, and t h e presence

of thickened ribs and constrictions a t irregular intervals

Occurrenc,o: The species has heen founil a t locality 4, Laugeites Ravine, in Kuhn @ The most complete example (pl 2, fig 1) is complete

with plain aperture (preserved on Lhe side not photographed) a t a dia- meter or 12.5 cm (slightsly distorted) There is a possihlc fragment from locality 5

Laugeites parvus sp nov

PI 2, lig 2 , pl 3 figs 1-10: pl 8, fig G ( ? ) 1 9 4 : Su6er.aspedlirs ('?I sp nov (?I SPAT", 11 27, pl 4, figs 1 a , h '

1952 7,or~peites sp noV SPATH, 11 19, pl 4 , fig 4

Types: The holotype is a n example from locality 10, Laugeites Ravine, Kuhn 0, figured in plate 3, figure 2 There are a number of paratvpes frorrl this and neighbouring localities (listed helow)

Complete examples arc t~et~ween 6 and 7.5 cm in diameter, and the adult umbilicus is 38 t o 40°/, of t h e diameter The outer whorls are strongly compressed; t h e thickness is very approximately 20°/, of tho diameter, hut most examples arc dist,ort,eil and cannot be measured Each rvhor.1 overlaps half, or a lit,tle more, of t,he prec,eding one The inncr whorls are not adequately known, but h a w close, sharp primary ribs, which lean forwards, and divide init,o t,wo, or more rarely three, secondaries half-way across the whorl-side The secondaries arc slightly concave forwards, and have a strong forward curve over t h e venter

At a variable diameter, often between 4 and 5 cm, the ornament fades

ont on t h e middle of the whorl-side, leaving a smool.11 band between primaries and secondaries, which be~:ome very faint There arc faint

constrictions, accolnpanicd b y flares on t h e interrial mould The septal suture c,annot be seen on any of t h e specimens

AlLl~uugh septal sutures are not visible, the majority of specimens are helievcd t o be adults on account of 1) the c,onstancy in size of exam- ples complete with body-chamber, 2) the loss of ornament on t,hc last whorl, 3) the preservation of a flared aperture on a few specimens (e.g 111 3, figs 4, 5) There is varialion amongst t h e hody-chambers from those retraining well-marked primary and sec,ondary ribs, to ones which are ci~rnylcLcly smoot,h Hares and constrictions are also variable

in their occurrence, but are scldom c,loser than two per whorl Cr~~shirrg

of the septate whorls but not of the body-chamber shows [.hat the latter was one whorl in lcrrgth

The alnmonile figured by SPATH (1947, p! 4, figs l a , b), now

tcrrtatively referred t o i.he specics, is from one of t h e JIectoroceras loca-

lities in south-western Jameson Land T t is too poorly preserved to be

definitely illentified The other material figured as Suhcraspdites h y

SPATH (1947, pl 1, fig 6; pl 4, figs 2, 11-14) consists of inadequa1.r Iragrncnts or inner whorls

J,augeites parwus diners from obher spccics of the genr~s b y its small

size and cornpressed whorls There is considerahlc resemb1anl:e to Sub-

craspedites prrplicomphalru SWINNERTON (1935, p 36, pl 3, figs l a , b,

2a, b) from t h e lower part of t,he Spilsby Sandstone ol T,incolnshire, England Innor whorls of the two species appear t o be indistingnishable;

on t h e last, half-whorl (presumed body-chamher) of S preplicornphalus

primary rihs hecornc more prominent t h a n in L pnrvws, but they do

not acquire the pinched-rrp appe:lrani:c of typical Sahcraspedites 14orpho-

logically, .S pr~plicomnhalus is intermediat,~ between Laicgeites and Snbcraspedire.~, and inight equally well be referred t o t h e former genus

The holotype has heen newly photographed through the kindness of

Dr RI I< HOWARTH, anil is now illustrated (pl 1, fig 3) for comparison

wibh i.hc Greenland material; 11nlor1,nnately thc preservation is indiffe- rent Another intcri>st,ing c,omparison is with S (?) snbpressulus (Bo-

r , o s l o v s ~ u , 1807, p 142, pl 4, figs 3, 4; two of t h e types rcfigured by

LUPPOV R DRUSHCHITZ, 1!158, pl 39, figs 6, 7), described lrorrr the Riasan ncds of Tsikvino on t h e river Okn south-east of Moscow, and

S primilivus rccorded from the Spilsby Sandstone of Lincolnshire b y

S W I N N E R T O N (1935, p 32, pl 2, fig.? la-c,) The holotype is now refigured

in platme 8, figures 3, 4 The septate wlrorls of this species are alrnost indistin~~~islralrlc from L paruus as far as ornament is concerned, h u t

the umbilicus is srnallcr, about 25O/, of t h e diame1,er Neither British nor figured Russian material inclndcs t h e body-chamber, and it is not

known whether snbpressulus rlevelope~l suhcraspeditid characters on the

IV Sfratigraplip and ~Irnrnonite Fauna o l East Greenland 23

outer whorls The septate whorls would pass for I,angeites; SPATH (1947,

p 28) doubted t h e attribution of "S primitior~-7" to Suhcraspedites and

thought it "probably a form of Tollia", althongh typical l'ollia have a

smallcr umbilicus and coarser ribbing The species is morpho1ogi1:all.v

intermediate between Subcrasl~edi~es (or Laugeitrs) and Tnllia

I t is possible t h a t a11 Subcraspedites have more or less laugeit,id

inner whorls, but much of the Spilshy Sanrlstone material is too poorly prcscrved for a thorough investigation Specimens whic,h show laugeitid inner whorls follo\ved by snbcraspeditid body-chamber are the holotype

of S undalntus S W I N N I ~ R T ~ N (1!435, pl 2, figs Da-C) and t h a t of the closcly similar S su,bundulatas SWIXXERTON (1935, pl 2, figs 2 a , b), refigured herc i r ~ plate 8, figures 1, 2

Occurrence: The holotype and numerous specimens, fragments and im~~ressions from locality 10, Laugeites R a ~ i n e , Kuhn C?, wherc it is

t h e commonest amrnonile Seven examples and fragments from loca-

lity 9, in the same valley, including plate 3, figures l , 8 Two incomplete examples from locality 11

Two whorl fragn~enls (no 788) givcn Lo Dr EICIL NIIILSKX by a brapper i r ~ 1!133 are said t o have bcrn fonnd on Hoc,hst.et,t,cr Forland

If they really comc Irom there, t h e n I3erriasian rocks of facies identical

u ~ i t h t h a t of western l i u h n I? must exist on Hochstetter Forland, for t,tre lithology and mode of pre~ervat~ion is very similar to that of t h e Kuhn 0 material

Two impressions of this or a similar form were collected b y t h c

w r i t ~ r from a s;mrlstone bed in banded beds a t a n altitude of 90 rrr on the nort,h-castern flarrlz o l the Niesen, nor0hern \Tollaston Forlnnrl

Laugeites sp nov

PI 4, figs 1, 2

11 species of Lalsg~iles with almost smooth body-chairrher is repre- sented by a number of fragments all partly crusl~ed The inner nd~orls are unknown, and t h c species has not hccn named An almost r:omplete hodg-chamber is shown in pl 4, fig 2 I t is a n interndl rnould 13.5 cm

in dia~neter and is smooth except, Inr a rib, preceded hy a constriction,

a b o ~ r l half-way round The ~~rnbilicus is about 40"/, of t.he diamct.er

Another hotly-rhamher is complete with aperture a t 10.8 cm, t h c umbi- licus hcing 4'J0/, This and othcr fragments show t h a t t h e aperture was slight,ly expanded, forwardly inclined towards the venter and with a verrt.ra1 rostrum There wcr,e no lateral lappets

Occurrcn(,e: Five hotly-chambers or parims thereof, from localil,y 10, Laugeitcs Rarine, Tinlln M

Perisphinctidae of 'pavlovid' type

Associated wit11 ahundant T,augeifes in western Kuhn 0 (p 13) are much rarer fragments of evoh~t.e, perisphindid-type ammonites with sharp, usually bifurcating ribs of t h e kind exemplified by the outer whorls of t h e Upper Kimeridgian ammonite Paulo71ia and its presumed descendants in t h e Portlandian No complete individuals were found anrl all t h a t can he done is t80 figure a few fragments t,o show t h e kinds

of ammonite present

The fragment from locality 7 shown in plate 5, figrlre 1, is distin- guished hy t h e presence of as many simple rihs as bifurcating ones This character is suggestive of t h e Russian Lowcr Volgian genus Aculi- eostites; t,hat genns 11as a sulcate venter on t h e inner whorls, a character which cannot be checked on t h e Kuhn PI fragment

Forms with more or less regularly bilurcating ribs occur a t locali- ties 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 11 They are all poorly preserved They arc hardly distingtrishable from forms figured b y SPATII from Milne Land as Cren- donites; for cxample, t h e impression here figured (pl 5, fig 3) seems closc t o C lrsliei SPATH (1936, pl 13, fig 1) Thcre is also a close simila- rity t o t h e Russian Lower Volgian genus Epivirgatircs, of which t h e lectotypc has recently been refigured ( L u r r o v & n n u s a c ~ i ~ z 1958, pl

37, fig 7) A F I K K L L (1957, p L333) notes the resemhlancc betwecn Epivir- garite and English "Crendonites", which he regards as a synonym of

G2aueolithites

The third gronp of fragments has more t h a n t.wo secondaries cor- responding t o each primary rih This c11ar;rcter occurs sporadically in forms with otlrcrwise birurcating r i l q such as a n impression Irom loca- lity 2 (PI 5, fig 4), and in others (pl 5, fig 7) iL is a regular feature One fragmentary impression in a large block from lorality 5, has ornament which corresponds exactly to i h a t of tho t,ype species of

Virgntosphincrcs Another can be matched exactly wit,h large English l'ortlandian Kerberites In two impressions from loc,ality 7 (pl 5, figs

5 , 6) t h e secondary rihs are rather faint, as they are in the type species

of Dorsoplanires In someIragments or t,his grol~p there is t,endency for t h e ribbing to be virgatotome, hut typical virgatotnme ribbing is not present The foregoing remarks arc? not intended a s firm ident,ifications, b u t only as a n indication of the forms present They may he s ~ ~ m m a r i s e d :

Iv Stratigraphy and Ammonito Fauna ol East Greenland 25

Family Craspeditidae SPATH, 1924 Craspedites is a n involnte genus1), the shell ranging from glohose

to compressed The umbilicus is always small (loss t h a n ZOO/,), is conical, and deep and narrow in t h e inflated forms Ornament is never strong;

t h e inner whorls bear Iaint secondary rihs which arise low down on t.hc whorl-side; primaries a t this stage are inr:onspicuous or absent There are also periodic constrictions The body-chamber is smooth, or nearly

so, except for t h e strong primaries developed in some species I n C no- diger these primaries appear ahout, half a whorl before t h e last, septum hfost examples are complete with adult body-rhamhers a t a small size, often less t h a n 5 cm

SPATH, in his papers on East Greenland, has not interpreted Cras-

p d d e , ~ in t h e way defined above, and accepted Amm subditus TRAUTS-

C H O L D as the type species PAVLOV when he established t h e genus commenced with t h e heading: "Craspedites (Olrostephani d u groupe snbdil.us)" but did not mention a type species, and Amm okrnnis D'ORBICNY was designated type species by H DOUVILLE (1911) The fossils from Milne Land referred t o Cra~prdites by SPITH (1936, pp 85-88) do not belong t o t h e genus as now defined, and there is no reason

to bclicve t h a t Craspedites o(,(:nrs in East Greenland

I n 1936 (p 83) SPATH also included in Craspeditidae t h e genera Kachpurites, Garniericeras, Snbcraspedirrs and Pnrncrnspedites Snbcra- spedites is placed in Tollinae, as explained below Paracrapedites is also excluded (see CASEY 1962) Garniericeras was made t h e type genus of

a subfamily Garniericeratinae by Srntrlr (1952, p 9 ) ; it may or may not be related t o t h e other genera inrluded in Ishe same subfamily by

A ~ x ~ r 1 (1957, p 1, 3 4 4 )

Siibfamily T o l l i n a e SPATI[, 1952 This subfamily is now taken t o inrlude Tollin, Subrraspedites, Ilecturr~cerns, Sr~rites and il'ikitinoceras A11 these genera hear sharp, perisphinctid-type ribbing on t h e i1111cr whorls, primaries bifurcating about halfway across t h e whorl-side They are i n contrast t o Craspedites where t h e ribbing is never sharp and the seconrlarit:~ arisc near t h e urnbiliral margin

DilTerences belween Tollia and Snbcraspedites are of degree ralher

t h a n of kind The t,ypical Sabcraspedilrs is evolnte, with finely ribbed pcrisphir~ctid inncr whorls; the primary and secondary rihs t,hen hccome separabed by a smooth band on t h e whorl-side, and finallv t h e primaries

1) The description of Cmsyrdifcs is based on a study n l the collection of cxccl- lently-preserved Rassian ~ r ~ a t r r i n l in the British Museum (Kat, Ilist.); lor illustra- tions of inncr and whorls of C nodiger see X r r l n v , 1885, pl 5 , figs 13-22

herome prominent, with a "pinched-up" appearance, while t h e secon- daries beco~ne faint, or disappear The type species, S plicomphallzs

( J S ~ \ V I C I I I I Y ) , has not been adequately i l l ~ ~ s t r a t e d , and the type

is now refigured in plate 9, figure 2 The species has con~monly been interp7,eted by a later figure (J de C SOWERBY, 1823, pl 404)

which SPATH (1952, p 18) held t,o he different from A m plicomphalus

J SOWERBY, renarning i l Suhcmsprdilrc eozoerbyi This spccies is illustra-

ted in plate 9, fignrc 1 (:ASEY believes (1!162, p !)8) t h a t it will be ne-

cessary to v;ilirlate S sowerbyi as t h e type species of Suherarprdites in

order t o preserve the current interpretation of t,he genus

Subcraspedites is clearly derived lrom Lalcgrircs, ror thcre is no

diflerence bctwccn Ll~e two genera except for t h e bullate primary ribs

of t h e former At least one species from t h e Spilsby Sandstone, S prr-

plicompholr~.~ SWINXERTOX (1935, p 36, pl 3, fig l a , b), does not have thc prominent primaries, and is morphologically a T,orrgeites rather t h a n

a Subcraspedites

Genus TOLLIA PAVLOV, 191 3

The type species is Tollia tolli Pnvr.ov, designated b y AIIKI:I.I., ,1957,

p L 344 A numbcr of specific names have been proposed [or members

of this genus; ;rlmost all are inadequately defined, and some are syno- nyms, as lar as can he soen from t h e euiilenre available The carlicst spevies to be named was Tc~lliir ~ ~ u y e r i (TOULI), from easI,t:rn 1Z1111rk 0,

Rast (;reenland ( T o u ~ n , 1874, p 498, pl 1, figs la-r) The out,crop which yielded T o u r ~ ' s type has not been found by later expeditions I n side vicw T pa?yeri is indistinguish;~l)lr irom T 11idrur:r:a (ROC;(ISI.(IVSKY,

1897, 1) 55, pl 3, figs 1-3) and from T lolli P a v ~ o v (1913, 11 39, 111 12, figs 1 , 2), but botb these species have a n acute venter, a t least on t h e

inner whorls, wh(:reas T paycri, according t o TOULA'S section (fig l c )

has a broadly rounded venter throughout Tollin hidene:ca and T tolli are

proh;rl>ly synonyms Species in wllirh the ornament dies out early are

T glaber ( N I K I T I N , 1888, p 98, pl 2, figs 8, I)) and 7' sosnouskii (SOKO-

~.ov, 1913, p 70, pl 2, figs 2a-c), and possihly T latelobat' P A V L ~ V (1913, p 41, 111 13, fig 2)

Tollia is a genus with perisphinclid-type ornamenl, involnle she11

anrl small umbilicus, i~ommonly 20-25°/, of t h e diameter The venter may be a c u t , ~ on the inner whorls, h e c o n ~ i ~ l g rounded latcr in dcvelop- ment,; t h e change occurs a t different, sizes in differen1 species The earlier whorls have sharp ribs; later t.he primary ribs may become blnnt and prominent, t h e sccorldaries fine and numerous and separated from t h e primaries b y snlooth area There is a tendency, not shown by all

Iv Sl.ratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland 27

specimens, for t h e primaries t o be concave forwards, with a backward inflection whcrc t h e secondaries originate, producing a very characteri- stic appearance Some species, a t least, show constrictions on t h e inter- nal moi~ld The ornament porsists t o a size which varics grcatly with

t h e species, b u t tho later part or the shell is smooth, or nearly so Some individuals reached large sizes: t h e type of 1' latelobata PAVLOV is still septate a t a diameter of 18 cm

Thc genus Praetollia is horc considered to he a synonym of Tollia

SPATH (1952, p 13) when he sel u p Praetollia said t h a t Tollia differcd from it "chicfly in its more sigmoidal c,ostation, with thickening of t h e primary stems which are also nlore distantly s ~ ~ a c e d , and thcrc is a n increase in t h e peripheral projection of t h e secondaries" He also (1) 14) noted t h e absence of constrictions which he regarded as characteristic

ol Tollia I n fact, the ornament of most of t h e examples of Praetollia rnaynci, t h e type species, is like t h a t of t h e inner whorls of Tollia and

we do not know whcthcr t h e specimens were adults or the inner whorls

of a larger spccies F~irthermore, a few individuals in t h e assemblage, regarded by SPATH as variety contiglla (p 14, pl 3, fig 1 ctc.), show the ornament, becoming like t h a t of tho outer whorls of Tollia,, showing just those Ieatures which SPATH rogarded as typical of t h e latter genus The genus Chamdornirovia S.4zo~ov 1951 was regarded as a possible synonym ol Tollia by LUPPCIV & I)IIUSIICIIITZ (1938, p 93)

Tollia bidevexa ( R o c o s r o v s u ~ )

Pl, 6 , fig fa

189: O l e o s l ~ p h n n s a hidetpl,rzr~s H o ~ o s ~ o v s x u , pp 5 5 , 1 4 1 , pl 3 , figs 1 a; b; 2 a,

b, 3 , 4

?1913 Tollia Tolli P ~ r ~ o v p 39, pl I ? , figs 1 a , b, 2 a< (Lectotype: the original

01 fig 1, hrro dcsignated)

Type: The original of B o c o s ~ o v s u s ' s plate 3, figure 3 is now desig-

nated lcct,otype of bhe species

R o c o s ~ o v s ~ r ' s figures show four fragmcnt,arp spcrimcns of diffcrcilt sizes, whirh probably belorlg to the samc spccies, all.hongh I.he smnllesl, (figs l a , b) is closer-ril~hed Lhan Lhe others Figure 4 is said t o represent

a variety 11i1t agrees with figures 2 and 3 l'he fragments are closely sirnilnr to t h e two syntypcs of Tollia folli figured by Pkvr.ov, ol wIri~:h (,he larger (PAVLOV, 1913, pl 12, fig 1 a, h ) is now designated the lecto- type T bideveza has ribbing persisting to a diameter (about 9 em)

a t which, on the leelotype of T tolli, it has just died out, but this c,ha- ractcr is likely to be variable I t is likely t h a t T tolli and T bideverr~