Lược sử ra đời Sinh học phân tử -Sinhh.cc ptu: - giai thich Huang voi guybeat G mu'dptu.. Lược sử ra đời Sinh học phân tử 1.. Khái niệm cơ bản Co che' di truyeii ptu co' bain Co che' to
Trang 1Lược sử ra đời Sinh học phân tử
-Sinhh.cc ptu:
- giai thich Huang voi
guybeat G mu'dptu
.
:
.
SHTB
=
em phair Chia - biet hoa'
PMN
- I
Who '
,ngn hair
1 Ho? thuyE'ttie-in hoa ' Darwin -Wallace
2 Ho? thuyE't tb
- ctrudso.si bait - mo tr →chit
- TB ki d-onvi caii tao sing cobain
- Moi su - I lnh'
tb - xdyraqtrinh ch'
hoa'
vchoi'tvoiton'
ta: tinh dtruyeii
Ivan! son '
-E'lvaccine l tu? sinh sais
t In vitro
Mendel- d- origtin'h Morgan-lien hetgen
In vivo
- phair tinh Aat fAaf giani so'hionggtu.
- phair ti
AaBb xaabb
t
AB
, Aa
, Bb
Imm
su ? phairhi do:cla:p :tile
.
=nhau
Trang 2Lược sử ra đời Sinh học phân tử
1 Hien tuong bien'
nap.
- Phe '
coin khuai's Streptococcus PneumoniaeIO : I do:c,
e vo
'
polysaccharide
S.Pneumonia - S → ch che't
\r → loinh →ohsong
(g" → song
,+ ai nhan bierinap
'
DNA kiyeiito'bien '
nap
khi R t s"→ s
ke't'quoi: Ma
.
-d-o.am DNAtu tb naiy → tbt DNA naiy I d-oi vitro' thank Exogenous DNA
2. Hien tuning tainap.
. DNAvoi RNA qctinh : Tac'
nhair bierinap
- Tieri hath :
"
"
S : Aahh daii protein: honing
+ Cho thugkhuaii the'
d-cictu.cc d-anti date'
voi
'
355 ra "P xaim nhierin tb E.Coli.
+ hi tain → Thu ca.in tb xd
.
ink d-orig vi phdngxa.
KE'tquoi: Phair'
ca.inthud? "
P
s
Thug khuaii the ch "
DNA voto tb E Coli
1984 : Kyu threat PCR
, Kary Mullis : A Gorin →goin'gen → plasmid + Phan trinh tugen →khuyeEh d-gi trinh tugen
1986 :
Maj giai trinh tu tu? doing
1990 - 1410412003 : Dii air gidi trinh tip bo
.gene ng
~ 25.000 gene I 3,164 ti '
ca.ir Nucleotide =99,9% gi orig tatca
'
mn
0,1% → d-adang kieii ninh .
113 Do
. gen dti.ec PM → mRNA
22% gen moi hoa protein
Trang 3Khái niệm cơ bản
Co che'
di truyeii ptu co' bain
Co che'
to
-rig hop protein , otieiihoabieiihie.ir gen
thanh phair:
y , Go! Chung Cho DNA voi RNA
Amagi : Polymer m.ae#aingaia4loa.iNudeotide sTa.octrudbaoI.
§ hoi thanh Pha" 'htt't not " "9the"
' him ""
apt !! ?n, tab a + peo doingpm
.
µ .ngta, am
+ on
gn polypeptide
→ Xud tad qtrinh hirth thanh lien ke 't' peptide gina2 a amin Ichi tong hop protein.
→ Dieu hoa
, bhier gen
L, Quyvice viet 5' → 3'
Nucleotide : Loi I d-qi phairtu
r n
d-onphair nucleotide
- Nuclearbase
f
-Daeng deoxyribose
µNu lien ke't = Lk Phosphodiester 2the Phosphoeste
RNA-L.U.r.a.ci/fDeoxythymidylicDeoxyGuanylic
sink cud tb
- Tai bain :
- Phiein moi: QTrinh d-e-' DNA trg h kieiin Soa't hot ng tbc = catch tag phuongtien Ici RNA diqua LE h
'
a a → protein
- Tai to '
hair : Co' che'
Trang 4SVNC
Cấu trúc Gen
Khái niệm cơ bản
-rat.
Geri : Loi Cao' d- on vi. ditraye- in lieu truetrong DNA - Coto.am nho '
DNA)
€ Xdinh chat d-c.to'
ngno:p →Akhieri cac: tink trang co' the'
nhair biet cud sink rat.
→ Chute thong tin moi hoa '
ChoLphair tu RNA It , r,m )
he
.
ygen : to air bo
.
Cad d- vi ditrayein trong Ibo
.
NST n
-3,164 ti'gain)
. gene : tan hop ta'tca
'
gen tr en DNTtythe'
kieii gene
trgItb i 30.000gen t nhare + RNA d-c. Xu "
ly' trc khi tag protein
77 100.000 Kai
, protean bdi tb t inhale
↳ Protein chic + Lipid + Carbohydrate → cad ctrud lbao guan qtro.ng trgtb
↳ phaii loin protein Id enzyme xtad put h'
ngtb
ft
Pu '
PU'
Tinghair → Lipid , Glycogen , ATP
,
Operon - Caitheir trong moi
,
Vk sari xefiTheo 1 logic chung hairby',huiidu.org
Promoter Operator Terminator - Do day I' I promoter Ahiein
on!tin ditruth thingdieii hiei 's
- Coordinate expression : Bieii hien phoi hop ta't ca' cat gen E Operon
Ging duck PM hog
-c Khong.
'
nhan voi rat' it' d-o.am grape f-intron o
'
sunc)
- DNA e nair trong nhan PM
, DM xdy ra d-orig Choi
- Cai genmoi hod cho cao
'
protein co' chu'd naing Ig d-ein
'
nhair 1h naim rai rai trong DNA
Th nai'm t rein cat rest ± nhan avi DNA
- Moi promotor Chiu track nhii.in dihieii PM Chomoi gen tnhan Tag mRNA
- Cad genton to dudi doing cat wing mang moi Exon voi Cao' ving '
mang moi Intron [ giorig Gap d
'
SVNS nfuingnhhdn ]
. logi bo'
sau sais phai'm PM ba:c I dai Cad d-oar exon diioc noi la: mRNA truongthank
L, their trong VK
d' Virus xainnh~tbhth.no
✓Motloqikysinhtrwnglo÷du.ngboma'ycua'tbchu
DNA,PM,DM tonghgpprotei# Goiy bein nguy nai
( Qtrong ching ate'
nghier cute.
Trang 5Khái niệm cơ bản
Seu' hoqt hoa' aia RNA
- Sau tong holp RNA
f.I got phosphate d-c.them voto
Gain nguyco. I so' bo
. phan tb co'the'
bi
.
loin qua'
khoi'
, Iso'pus bi, king aiding cheftb ksoa't phair hoi tong cothe'
Ctu'
man
.
b-2 phuong phap' moi cao' hot sink hoa' tb d-c. dkhieii - Aug dinh ditrayer - Mu'd do
. kick hoqtgen
.
hot aia enzyme etc
.
ksoa't
Sinh rat d-a'p utig = thay Aoi mt song
Chop her 's nh'
log'
tb t nhan trg dhi'
the.io hien Chuk naing chuyeinbiet
'
the'
xaig ra tai bat toy thot diein Nao Tui PMI → Protein
Cad premotor d-hoa bhien gen - 2Kai - Promoter thud nglieu
Latvia cac'
yo'to '
d Eukaryote:
Promoter tr tam = Basal Promoter = TATA Box : TATA AAA - Cdtrg ta't ca
'
Protein - Coding gene : Gen mhoa '
protein
n
TATA
Promoter thud
.ng bin -Hc wing bat d-aii PM ( Chia wing lienke't cad
y" to
'
voi ving the't' thay doi tung gen
tang moi hier bhiein gen trg mo t nhan
Anh hei'd ng PM = tiong tac '
guia cac
'
Ike't Protein voi' promoter trung tam
Cac'
enhancer
- wing DNA o
'
khoaingca-chxatuicaigenehoc.io tr ' 1 NST t
↳ Ichi DNA Cno:n trg h Gain mug lieuhair
( Co'
thing Iha
,
'
gene Ac dteii chink
PM
x 110000 Enhancer trg Hi gen