Từ điển chuyên ngành ô tô (Anh Việt Việt Anh Từ viết tắt)

edge of a panel where it joins another: Góc nối l AC = alternating current: Dòng điện xoay chiều A/C = air-conditioning: Điều hòa không khí ACC = accelerate mostly used on cruise contro

ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG

PHAN NGUYỄN QUÍ TÂM

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

NĂM XÂY DỰNG VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN 60

TỪ ĐIỂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH Ơ TƠ

Anh-Việt – Việt-Anh – Từ viết tắt

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT

THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

*******************

PGS.TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG ThS PHAN NGUYỄN QUÍ TÂM

TỪ ĐIỂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH Ô TÔ

Anh Việt – Việt Anh – Từ Viết Tắt

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Hiện nay chúng ta đang trong quá trình thực hiện công

nghiệp hóa – hiện đại hóa đất nước Cơ khí ô tô là một trong

những ngành phát triển mạnh mẽ trong thời gian qua Để phát

triển ngành cơ khí ô tô, ngoài tiềm lực kinh tế mạnh, đòi hỏi phải

có một nguồn nhân lực dồi dào với năng lực chuyên môn cao và

trình độ ngoại ngữ giỏi Cuốn “Từ điển chuyên ngành ô tô” ra

đời nhằm giúp những người hoạt động trong ngành cơ khí ô tô tra

cứu các thuật ngữ của ngành

Từ điển bao gồm hơn 9.000 thuật ngữ thông dụng (kể cả

tiếng lóng) ở tất cả các lĩnh vực liên quan đến công nghệ ô tô từ

cấu tạo các chi tiết kỹ thuật lắp ráp, sửa chữa vận hành,… Các

từ đều được giải thích bằng tiếng Anh và dịch nghĩa sang tiếng

Việt Nhờ vậy, từ điển cũng có thể được dùng thảm khảo cho môn

Anh văn chuyên ngành Công nghệ ô tô hệ Đại học và Cao đẳng

Mặc dù, đã cố gắng tham khảo ý kiến của các chuyên gia

trong ngành cơ khí ô tô nhưng do thuật ngữ kỹ thuật ở nước ta

hiện nay chưa thống nhất, đặc biệt là cách dùng từ khác nhau

giữa hai miền nên từ điển chắc chắn không tránh khỏi những sai

sót nhất định Rất mong nhận được nhiều ý kiến của độc giả để

quyển từ điển sẽ hoàn chỉnh hơn trong lần tái bản sau

PGS TS Đỗ Văn Dũng Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/dodzung

MỤC LỤC

Phần I: TỪ ĐIỂN ANH - VIỆT 7

Phần II: TỪ ĐIỂN VIỆT - ANH 453

Phần III: TỪ VIẾT TẮT 1107

Phần I:

TỪ ĐIỂN ANH - VIỆT

AAA = American Automobile

Association: Hiệp hội Ô tô Hoa Kỳ

A-arm n US = wishbone: Cánh tay

đòn hình chữ A

abrasion n removal of surface

material from any solid, through

friction action: Sự mài bề mặt vật

cứng nhờ ma sát

l abrasive n substance used for

the removal of matter: Vật liệu

mài mòn

l abrasive cleaner = cleaner which

removes a certain amount of the

surface: Máy mài

l abrasive disc = rotating disc of

sanding or grinding tool: Đĩa đá mài

l abrasive paper = paper with a

rough surface for the removal of

l ABS relay valve = electrically operated valve controlling the air pressure in an ABS system: Van rơle ABS được điều khiển bằng điện

abut v to make contact, especially

of gear teeth: Tiếp xúc

l abutment n (a) a part with

another part comes up against

so that its motion is stopped;

a more formal word for ‘stop’: Điểm dừng

(b) making of contact, especially by gear teeth: Vết tiếp xúc

A/C access hole

l abutting edge n edge of a panel

where it joins another: Góc nối

l AC = alternating current: Dòng

điện xoay chiều

A/C = air-conditioning: Điều hòa

không khí

ACC = accelerate (mostly used on

cruise control): Tăng tốc (nút

bấm tăng tốc trong hệ thống ga

tự động)

l accelerate v to go faster or

make faster: Tăng tốc

l accelerated test procedure = test

which has been made quicker, by

leaving out or shortening certain

items: Qui trình kiểm tra nhanh,

l sluggish acceleration = increase

speed slowly: Sự tăng tốc chậm

chạp (lì máy)

l acceleration enrichment =

providing a richer fuel/air mixture

is needed to provide extra power

and smooth response: Sự làm

giàu hỗn hợp hoà khí để tăng tốc

l accelerator n (a) chemical agent

which makes a reaction happen

more quickly, for instance in plastics production an additive which promotes the hardening process of resins: Tác nhân làm tăng nhanh phản ứng hóa học(b) pedal which controls the opening

l take one’s foot off the accelerator

= close the throttle in order to slow down: Buông chân ga (NOTE: also called accelerator pedal

or throttle pedal)

l accelerator pump = carburetor device that improves acceleration

by injecting an additional amount

of fuel when the accelerator pedal

is depressed: Bơm tăng tốc

l acceptance test n test of a part or

assembly for acceptable quality: Kiểm tra chất lượng chi tiết

l access n means of reaching

something: Sự tiến đến, cách đạt được, tiếp cận

l access hole = hole through which something can be reached, also

accessories Ackermann steering

a hole through which sealant is

injected into cavities: Lỗ thông

accessories n additional items of

equipment which can be fitted

to a vehicle or used with a basic

tool: Phụ kiện, phụ tùng

accident damage n damage to the

body-work of a vehicle resulting

from an accident: Sự hư hỏng

thân xe do tai nạn.

accumulator n (a) storage battery,

especially for an electrically

driven vehicle: Bình ắc quy

(b) pressure reservoir for a

suspension system with

automatic leveling: Bộ tích áp

suất cho hệ thống treo tự động

(c) part of a hydraulic system which

is charged by the fluid pump,

absorbs fluctuating fluid delivery,

stores fluid at pressure, and can

provide a rapid flow of fluid sure

pressure: Bộ tích áp suất thuỷ lực

accumulator battery n = storage

battery: Bình ắc quy

l accumulator-drier n device on

the low side of an air-conditioning

system, usually at the evaporator

outlet on the bulk-head which

store excess refrigerant; it

consists of a tank, a filter, a drying

agent and a vapour return tube:

Phin lọc, sấy khô gas của hệ thống điều hòa

l accumulator system n system in an

automatic transmission comprising

a hydraulic accumulator controlled

by a valve, and a running time throttle: Hệ thống tích áp (trên hộp số tự động)

l accumulator valve n valve

controlling hydraulic accumulator: Van tích áp

AC generator n = Alternator: Máy

phát điện xoay chiều

acid rain n rain containing pollutants

from industrial waste and vehicle exhaust gases dissolved in the atmosphere: Mưa axit

Ackermann steering n from of

double-pivot steering in which the front wheels turn on kingpins and are connected by inclined steering arms and a track rod, so arranged angle than the outer:

Hệ thống lái kiểu Ackermann

l Ackermann angle = toe-out or toe-in with the wheels in the straight-ahead position: Góc đặt bánh xe kiểu Ackermann

l Ackermann axle = fixed- position, steerable front axle within two pivot points, one on each end

of the axle, with vertical kingpin: Trục Ackermann

across corners activated charcoal

across corners = A/C: Ngã tư

across flats = A/F: Mặt cắt ngang

acrylate n polymer, such as

ethyl acrylate, used in rubber

toughening: Chất keo dán cao su

acrylic (paint) n paint with pigments

mixed in a solution based on

acrylic resin: Sơn acrylic

l acrylic finish = finish using acrylic

paints, often a two-pack finish:

Sơn bóng bằng sơn acrylic

l acrylic resin = any thermoplastic

synthetic polymer made by

the polymerization of acrylic

derivatives such as acrylic acid,

ethyl acrylate and methacrylate,

used for adhesives, protective

coatings, and finishes: Nhựa

acrylic (dùng cho sơn lót và sơn

bóng)

ACT = air charge temperature: Nhiệt

độ khí nạp

activated carbon n highly porous

carbon, usually in pellet

form, granular, or powdered,

characterized by fine pores

resulting in a very large surface

area per unit volume, hence able

to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than

hoạt tính

l activated carbon canister = filter

which absorbs fuel vapours from

the tank and fuel system when the engine is not running, and when the engine running is regenerated by purging the charcoal bed with hot air, using engine vacuum to draw the released vapours into the intake air stream: Bình hút hơi xăng bằng than hoạt tính

activated charcoal n = activated

carbon: Than hoạt tính

l activated charcoal trap = activated carbon canister: Bầu lọc than hoạt tính

l activator n material or mixture

added to an accelerated curing system to enhance the effect

of the vulcanization accelerator

in tyre production: Phụ gia đẩy nhanh quá trình lưu hoá (sản xuất vỏ xe)

l activated braking time n time

required to come to a standstill after the brakes have been applied, i.e not including the driver’s reaction time: Thời gian kích hoạt phanh

l active noise control (system) n

= anti-noise system: Hệ thống chống tiếng ồn

l active safety n active measures

taken to prevent accidents, such

as more powerful brakes and

actuate adhere

safer handling characteristics: An

toàn chủ động

l active suspension n suspension

system which uses

micropro-cessors to control

electronical-ly adjustable shock absorbers

which adapt automatically to the

road surface and load: Hệ thống

treo chủ động

actuate v to bring a part into

operation: Khởi động, làm cho

hoạt động, vận hành

l an actuating lever or switch = a

lever or switch brings a part into

operation: Công tắc khởi động,

cần khởi động

l actuator n controlling or

operating device, e.g a vacuum

mechanism for opening flaps in

air conditioning systems: Cơ cấu

chấp hành

l actuator arm = arm connecting

the diaphragm to the contact

breaker platform in a vacuum

advance mechanism: Cần dẫn

động (đánh lửa sớm áp thấp)

adapter or adaptor n device for

connecting two parts of different

sizes, especially an accessory

for joining a socket and a drive

handle with different sizes drives:

Ống nối

l adapter plate = A plate which allows the mounting of a different part from the original: Đĩa tiếp hợp, đĩa nối

additive n substance added to fuel

orengine oil to enhance its performance and to improve its properties, such as upper cylinder lubricant: Chất phụ gia

adhere v to remain attached or stick

(to something): Bám chặt, dính

l adhesion n ability to remain

attached (to something), especially the ability of a tyre to grip the road surface: Sự bám, độ bám

l adhesive n substance used to

join together two or more solids

so that they form a single piece, such as resins, formaldehyde, glue, cement, etc.: Chất kết dính, keo

l adhesive bonding = joining together of two or more solids by the use of glue, cement, or other adhesives: Sự bám dính

l adhesive tape = sticky tape usually with one shiny side and one side coated with adhesive: Băng keo

l adhesive weight = a small lead weight used to balance a wheel:

adiabatic achieved

Trọng lượng chì bấm vành bánh

xe để cân bằng động

adiabatic a neither losing nor gaining

heat, therefore thermally efficient:

Đoạn nhiệt, không trao đổi nhiệt

với môi trường bên ngoài

l adiabatic engine = engine which

makes the best use of combustion

heat by reducing heat loss due to

coolant: Động cơ đoạn nhiệt

adjust v to put something into the

correct position: Điều chỉnh, hiệu

chỉnh

l adjust the ignition timing = cause

the spark to occur at the correct

moment: Điều chỉnh thời điểm

đánh lửa

l adjustable a that can be changed

or made different: Có thể điều

chỉnh

l adjustable shock absorber =

shock absorber which can be

made harder or softer: Bộ giảm

chấn có thể điều chỉnh được

l adjustable spanner = An open–end

spanner with a single smooth jaw

that can be adjusted to fit nuts and

bolts of different sizes: Mỏ lếch

l adjuster n device for moving

something into a different or the

correct position: Thiết bị điều

chỉnh vị trí

l seat adjuster = mechanism for moving a seat backwards and forwards: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh ghế ngồi

l adjuster cam = cam in a drum brake which acts on the shoes to take up the adjustment, i.e bring the shoes closer to the drum: Cam chỉnh phanh trống

l adjusting gauge n tool such as

a feeler gauge used to check distances and clearances between parts for adjustment purposes: Thiết bị đo khe hở, lá cỡ

l adjusting screw = screw for altering e.g the idling speed of the engine or for brake adjustment: Vít điều chỉnh cầm chừng

l adjusting shim = shim for reducing clearances especially in adjusting valve tappets: Shim, miếng chêm

để điều chỉnh khe hở (supap)

l adjusting sleeve = sleeve on the end of the tie rod which shortens

or lengthens it to increase or reduce toe-out: Thanh điều chỉnh góc chụm bánh xe

l adjustment n (a) altering

or correcting the position of something or the position or valveachieved: Sự điều chỉnh

(b) possibility of altering or correcting

a-drier aerodynamic

the position of something;

clearance or play: Khả năng thay

đổi hoặc hiệu chỉnh vị trí của

một vật

l there is no adjustment left = the

adjusting screw or nut is at the

end of its travel: Chỉnh hết cỡ

l to take up the adjustment =

to obtain the correct position,

usually by reducing a clearance:

Hiệu chỉnh đúng (khe hở)

a-drier n paint drier with heating

elements below the stoving line:

Phòng sấy sơn

adsorption n bonding of a solid with

a gas or vapour which touches its

surface: Sự hút bám

(NOTE: opposite is desorption)

l adsorption canister n = activated

carbon canister: Bầu hút hơi xăng

advance 1 v to cause something to

occur earlier: Trước, sớm

l to advance the spark or ignition

or timing = to cause the spark and

therefore combustion to occur

earlier: Đánh lửa sớm

2 n extent to which the ignition spark

is made to occur earlier: Góc

đánh lửa sớm

l the ignition needs more advance

= the spark is occurring too late:

Cần đánh lửa sớm hơn(NOTE: opposite is retard)

l advance capsule n = vacuum

advance (unit): Bộ đánh lửa sớm chân không

l advance curve n curve showing

how the amount of ignition advance increase with the speed

of the engine and/or the vacuum

in the inlet manifold: Đường đặc tính góc đánh lửa sớm theo tốc

độ và tải

l the ignition is over-advanced = the spark is occurring too early: Đánh lửa quá sớm

(NOTE: opposite is retard)

l advance weight n either of

the two weights in a centrifugal advance mechanism: Quả văng của cơ cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm

aeration n foaming due to the

introduction of air into hydraulic fluid or the oil as the shock absorber works: Sự tạo bọt

aerial n long metal tube for receiving

radio signals: Ăng-ten(NOTE: US English is antenna)

aerodynamic a 1 relating to the flow

of air round a moving body: Khí động lực học (thân xe)

body aerodynamic a 1 relating to

aerofoil afterburning

the flow of air round a moving

body: Khí động lực học thân xe

2 (of a car, bodywork, etc.) streamlined,

offering low wind resistance: Hình

dáng khí động lực

l aerodynamics n (a) branch of

dynamics dealing with the motion

of air and with the forces acting

on bodies moving through the air:

Khí động lực học

(b) aerodynamic properties: Đặc

điểm khí động lực học

l The poor aerodynamic of early

cars resulted in wastage of power

= early cars had too much wind

resistance which wasted power:

aerofoil n wing-like structure,

used on racing cars to achieve

negative lift or down-force: Cánh

giảm lực nâng xe đua

A/F = air/fuel: Tỉ số giữa không khí

và nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hòa khí

l Three-way catalytic converters

demand close A/F control = the

air/fuel mixture has to be carefully

controlled when using three-way

catalytic converters: Bộ xúc tác

TWC phải hoạt động trong chế độ điều khiển kín hỗn hợp hòa khí

A/F (dimension) n width across the

flats (of a hexagon, square drive, etc.): Mặt cắt ngang

A-frame n A-shape chassis frame,

typically of a trailer or caravan: Khung xe hình chữ A

afterburning n completion of the

combustion of incompletely burnt mixture in the exhaust system:

Sự cháy tiếp ở pô xe

l CO and HC levels can be reduced

l aftercooler n heat exchanger

in a diesel engine which cools the intake of air before it enters the cylinders: Bộ giải nhiệt khí nạp

l after-start enrichment n

enrichment of the air/fuel mixture on starting the engine, especially in electronic fuel injection systems, regulated

by the electronic control unit;

it is reduced either at a fixed rate or as engine temperature increases: Sự làm đậm hỗn hợp sau khi khởi động

aggressive agent air bellows

l aged catalyst n catalyst which

has been used: Xúc tác đã qua

sử dụng

(NOTE: opposite is fresh catalyst)

l age-hardening n hardening of

aluminium or metal alloys as a result

of ageing: Sự cứng do lão hóa

l ageing n change of characteristics

in some metal after heat treatment

or cold working: Sự thay đổi tính

chất sau khi xử lí nhiệt

aggressive agent or medium n

corrosive material which attacks

metals: Tác nhân từ môi trường

ăn mòn kim loại

agitation cup n type of paint pot for

spray guns fitted with an integral

agitator: Cốc trộn sơn

l agitator n device for mixing

paint by shaking: Bình trộn sơn

bằng cách lắc

A.h = Ampere-hour: Ampe giờ

AH rim n rim design able to run

with a flat tyre and with increased

safety in case of sudden air loss:

Niềng xe kiểu AH (có thể chạy khi

xì vỏ)

aimer n tool for aiming headlights:

Dụng cụ cân chỉnh đèn đầu

aiming n adjusting the direction of

headlight beams: Sự cân đèn đầu

air n mixture of gases forming the

atmosphere: Không khí

l put some air in the tyres = inflate the tyres: Bơm bánh xe

l Here is too much air in the mixture

= the mixture is too weak: Hỗn hợp quá yếu

air bag n bag in the fascia region

which inflates on impact and thus saves the occupants of the vehicle from injury caused by being thrown against the interior structure in a collision: Túi khí, gối hơi

l air bag module or unit = the air bag plus inflator and cover: Cụm túi khí

l air bag restraint system = system using an air bag to restrain occupants in a collision: Hệ thống bảo vệ khi va chạm bằng túi khí (NOTE: this is also called a passive restraint system)

air bellows n rubber vessel or

sleeve filled with compressed gas

or to act as a compression spring

in air suspensions: Ống giảm chấn khí

l air brake n brake mechanism in

which compressed air acting on

a piston or diaphragm is used to apply the brakes; mainly found in

air-cooled air/fuel

commercial vehicles: Phanh hơi

l air charge temperature (ACT) n

temperature of the air sucked into

the carburettor or fuel injection

system: Nhiệt độ không khí nạp

l air cleaner n = air filter: Lọc gió

l air compressor n device for

supplying compressed air, e.g

for paint spraying or in an air

brake system: Máy nén khí

l air-conditioning n system of

filtering air and keeping it at

a desirable temperature and

humidity level: điều hoà không

khí

air-cooled a cooled by a current

of air as opposed to water, etc.:

Làm mát bằng khí

(NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled)

l air correction jet n jet admitting

air into the emulsion tube of a

carburettor: Giclơ không khí,

giclơ gió

l air cushion n = air bag: Túi khí

l air dam n spoiler under the

front bumper to reduce wind

resistance: Tấm giảm lực cản gió

phía trước

l air deflector n US = AIR SHIELD:

Tấm chắn gió

l air duct n any passage conducting

air, particularly for heating and ventilation: Ống dẫn không khí trên hệ thống điều hòa

l air filter n device for filtering dust

and dirt out of the air drawn into the carburettor or fuel injection system through the air intake: Lọc gió

l air filter element = element of absorbent paper or felt inserted into the air filter, which catches dirt and dust in the air drawn into the engine: Màng lọc gió

l airflow n flow of air past a moving

object, especially a vehicle, or through a duct: Lưu lượng dòng chảy không khí

l airflow sensor = sensor in an electronically controlled fuel injection system which has a flat that is deflected by the intake air and thus governs the amount of fuel delivered; it also incorporates

a temperature sensor: Cảm biến lưu lượng không khí

air/fuel (A/F) a relating to the

combination of air and fuel in the charge for combustion: Tỉ số gió

và nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hòa khí

l a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture =

a mixture containing little or a lot

of fuel in relation to air: Hỗn hợp hòa khí giàu hoặc nghèo

air gulp system air line

l variations in the air/ fuel ratio =

variations in the amount of fuel in

relation to air, more air resulting

in a lean or weak mixture, less air

in a rich mixture: Sự thay đổi của

tỉ lệ hòa khí

air gulp system n system in vehicles

with secondary air injection or

induction, which prevents an

over-rich mixture being supplied

to the inlet manifold during

deceleration, resulting in unburnt

fuel being carried over to the hot

exhaust system where it cause

uncontrolled detonations: Hệ

thống thêm gió khi giảm tốc

air hold fitting n special tool for

work on OHV-engine used to

keep valves closed by means of

air pressure: Dụng cụ ép sú-páp

bằng khí nén

air horn n motor horn in which a

blast of compressed air through a

reed: Còi hơi

l air induction or injection system n

secondary air system without air

pump, using aspirator valves and

the pulse air principle to introduce

fresh air into the exhaust system

to promote afterburning of

unburnt hydrocarbons and

carbon monoxide: Hệ thống luân

hồi không khí vào ống thải

l air injection manifold = duct inside

or a tube outside the cylinder head feeling secondary air into the exhaust ports: Đường ống dẫn không khí vào ống thải

l air intake n opening through

which air enters, especially for the carburetor or fuel injection system, for the radiator or the heating and ventilating system: Đường dẫn không khí

l airless spraying n spraying

process in which the coating material is not atomized by a stream of air, but is subjected to high pressure, which causes it

to pass through a jet or nozzle allowing it to be atomized and projected: Phun sơn bằng áp lực

l air-less spray gun = spray gun used for air–less spraying: Súng sơn nén

air line n (a) pipe hose or duct which

conveys air or vacuum: Ống dẫn khí hoặc chân không

(b) compressed air supply for inflating tyres, driving compressed air tools, etc.: Bơm bánh xe

l air micrometer n precision

control for adjusting the air quantity delivered by a spray gun:

Bộ chỉnh gió trong súng phun

air ratio air volume

l air outlet n opening from which

air exits, especially for ventilation

and demisting: Cửa thông gió

l air pressure n pressure exerted

by air, e.g on the diaphragm of a

brake servo: Áp lực không khí

air ratio n air/air ratio, i.e the ratio of

the actual intake air volume to the

air volume theoretically needed

for complete combustion of the

fuel content of air/ fuel mixture:

Hệ số dư lượng không khí

air receiver n = AIR TANK: Bầu

chứa không khí, bình khí nén

l air select valve n valve in a

two-stage catalytic converter

with secondary air injection,

which is solenoid-operated and

is triggered by the electronic

control module to direct air to

the exhaust valve ports or the

catalytic converter, depending

on operating conditions: Van

điều khiển bơm không khí vào

ống thải

l air sensor n sensor which

monitors the air quantity inside

the car, checks it for the presence

of pollutants, and operates flaps

to cut off the external air to the

air conditioning system if the

pollutant concentration is too

high: Cảm biến không khí trong xe

l air shield n sloping panel on

the roof of a vehicle, especially

a commercial vehicle or trailer, intended to improve air-flow: Cánh dẫn hướng gió trên mui(NOTE: US English is air defector)

l air shock absorber n shock

absorber incorporating a rubber boot filled with compressed air serving as an auxiliary pneumatic spring; mainly used for lever control purposes on the rear axle

of a vehicle, e.g when towing heavy trailers: Bộ giảm chấn khí

l air silencer n device usually

incorporated in the air filter to cut out induction hiss: Bộ phận giảm thanh trong lọc gió

l air spring n = AIR BELLOWS:

Giảm chấn bằng khí

l air suspension n vehicle

suspension in which air or gas

in compression is the principal

or only spring medium: Hệ thống treo khí

(NOTE: also called pneumatic suspension)

l air tank n container for

compressed air, especially for a compressor: Bầu chứa khí nén

l air volume n quantity of air: Thể

tích không khí

Al all-out braking

Al = Aluminium: Nhôm

alarm (system) n theft protection

system, which typically provides

the following function: exterior

and interior protection; locking

the boot and bonnet; making the

ignition system inoperative: Hệ

thống chống trộm

alarmed a protected by an alarm:

Được (gắn) chống trộm

align v to bring into line or be in line

(with something): Canh thẳng

hàng

l aligning punch n tool used to

align holes, e.g for inserting a

screw or bolt or to centre round

components with other parts:

Chốt định vị

l alignment n state of being in line

or act of bringing into line: Sự

canh thẳng hàng

l alignment mark = mark, e.g on

a timing gear or camshaft pulley,

which must be brought into line

with another mark too give the

correct position: Dấu chỉ thị, dấu

cân chỉnh

alkaline battery n secondary battery

using an alkaline electrolyte

(dilute potassium hydroxide) and

used for driving electric cars:

Ắc-quy kiềm

l alkaline degreasing n removal

of any greasy substances with an alkaline solution: Dung dịch kiềm

để tẩy

all-alloy engine n engine in which the

cylinder head, block, crankcase and sump are all of light alloy: Động cơ hợp kim

l all-aluminium body n body

shell made almost entirely of aluminium: Khung nhôm

allen key n key (in effect a spanner)

for recessed hexagon screws and bolts, consisting of a bar with

a right angle bend and six flats in the end: Chìa khóa lục giác

l allen screw = type of recessed hexagon screw: Vít lục giác chìm

alligator clip n US = crocodile clip:

Kẹp cá sấu

all-out braking n using the maximum

braking effort available: Sử dụng hết khả năng phanh

l the car loses directional stability under all-out braking = the car tends to swerve when the brakes are applied as hard as possible:

Xe bị mất hướng chuyển động khi đạp phanh hết cỡ

l alloy n (a) any metallic substance

of various elements: Hợp kim

alloy wheel aluminium

(b) any light metal, typically

aluminium: Kim loại màu sáng

l alloy piston = piston made

primarily of aluminium: Piston

hợp kim nhôm

alloy wheel or (informal) alloys n

wheels made of light alloy, mainly

aluminium but also magnesium,

for sports and other high-speed

cars: Bánh xe hợp kim

all-steel body n body shell made

almost entirely of steel, as

opposed to a body with a

wooden frame and panels made

of steel or

aluminium: Khung thép

l all-terrain a for use on any kind

of surface: Cho mọi địa hình

l all-terrain tyre = tyre mainly for

off-road vehicles: Vỏ xe chạy mọi

địa hình

l all-terrain vehicle = off-road

vehicle: Xe địa hình

l all-wheather tyre n tyre suitable

for use in rain and on snowy or

icy roads as well as in warm and

dry conditions: Vỏ xe chạy mọi

alternating current (AC) n a

continuous electric current that periodically reverses direction: Dòng điện xoay chiều

(NOTE: opposite is direct current)

alternator (ALT) n generator which

produces three-phase alternating current inside its stator windings: Máy phát điện xoay chiều

l alternator charging light = warning light on the instrument panel which comes on when the alternator is not charging: Đèn báo sạc

altimeter n instrument showing

height above sea level: Dụng cụ

đo độ cao tuyệt đốialumina n form of aluminium oxide

used as substrate for ceramic catalysts: Một dạng của nhôm oxit được sử dụng như chất xúc tác cho vật liệu gốm

l alumina beads = tiny beads of alumina used in some catalytic converters: Bột nhôm cho bộ xúc tác

aluminium n silvery lightweight

metallic element resistant to corrosion (AL): Nhôm

ambient air amplifier

l aluminium alloy = metal

containing aluminium mixed with

another metal or metals: Hợp kim

nhôm

l aluminium wheel = alloy wheel:

Bánh xe hợp kim nhôm

l aluminized a coated with

aluminium or aluminium paint:

Phủ nhôm

ambient air n air outside and

surrounding the vehicle: Không

khí bên ngoài

l ambient temperature n outside

temperature: Nhiệt độ môi trường

l ambient temperature switch =

switch which delays compressor

action in an air-conditioning

system when the outside

temperature is low: Cảm biến

nhiệt độ môi trường

l ambulance n vehicle designed

for carrying sick or injured people:

Xe cấp cứu

l ammeter n instrument for

measuring (in amperes) the

electrical current flow in a circuit:

Ampe kế

l amp = Ampere

l amperage (rating) n strength

of an electric current in amperes,

used e.g for making fuses: Cường

độ dòng điện (qua cầu chì)

l ampere n the basic unit for

measuring electric current, usually abbreviated to amp: Đơn

vị đo cường độ dòng điện, viết tắt

là amp

l Ampere-hour (A.h.) n unit of

the quantity of electricity flowing

in one hour through a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere: Điện lượng của một dòng điện 1 ampere chạy qua vật dẫn trong

1 giờ

l a 36 A.h battery = a battery with

a capacity of 36 ampere-hours:

Dung lượng của ắc quy là 36 A.h

l Ampere-hour capacity = quantity

of electricity which a battery can deliver under given conditions such as temperature, rate of discharge, and final voltage, depending on the number of plates used: Dung lượng của một

ắc quy (tính bằng ampere-giờ)

amplifier n device used to produce

a larger electrical signal, as to amplify sound signals in radios, etc.: Thiết bị khuếch đại

l ignition amplifier = device used

to increase the electrical signal in

an electronic ignition system: Bộ khuếch đại tín hiệu đánh lửa (IC đánh lửa)

amplitude modulation anneal

amplitude modulation (AM) n form

of radio transmission in which

the frequency of the carrier wave

is uncharged, but its amplitude

varies in accordance with the

input signal: Sóng AM trong radio

analogue cluster n instrument

panel display using dials and

numbers: Bảng đồng hồ, tableau

kim

(NOTE: opposite is electronic

cluster)

anchorage n fixing point for a

seat belt, seat or other

stress-bearing item which is not part of

the structure: Chỗ neo đậu, nơi

giữ cố định

anchor bolt n = through bolt:

Bu-lông định vị, bu-Bu-lông chốt

ancillaries n components placed

close to or fitted on the engine,

such as alternator, power steering

pump, supercharger, fuel pump

and water pump, and driven by

the engine: Các phụ tải gắn trên

động cơ (qua puli trục khuỷu)

aneroid-type thermostat n

thermostat consist of a metallic

bellows partially filled with

acetone, alcohol or similar volatile

liquid: Van hằng nhiệt dùng ống

chứa chất dễ bay hơi

angle grinder n power tool (either

electric or driven by compressed air) with abrasive discs, especially for removing old paintwork and smoothing the surface prior to spraying: Máy mài góc

l angle-nose pliers n pliers with

jaws having a right-angle bend, for gripping e.g items in a recess, etc.: Kìm mũi vuông

l angle of lock n angle between the

line through the centre of a wheel seen from above when taking a corner and the same line when going straight: Góc lái giới hạn

l angle parking n parking at an

angle to the pavement or parking line: Đậu xe xiên góc với lề đường

(NOTE: also called echelon parking)

l angle screwdriver n screwdriver

usually having two blades at either end, both at right angles to the shank: Tuốc nơ vít chữ Z

l angular motion n = rotation: Sự

xoay vòng, quay

anneal v to treat (a metal, alloy, or

glass) with heat and then cool it

to remove internal stress and to make the material less brittle: Tôi, tôi thép

l annealing furnace n oven

annular ANSI

or furnace with controllable

atmosphere in which metal, an

alloy, or glass is annealed: Lò tôi

annular a in the form of a ring:

Hình vòng, hình khuyên

l annular gap = circular gap: Khe

hở vòng

l annulus (gear) n hollow

gear-wheel in the form of a ring with

either internal teeth, as in epicyclic

or planetary transmissions, or

external teeth: Vòng răng trong

anode n positive electrode in an

electrolytic cell: Cực dương

l anodic coating or film or oxide

layer n protective, decorative,

or functional coating, formed in

an anodizing process: Màng (lớp)

ôxít ở cực dương

l anodize v to deposit a hard,

non-corroding oxide layer on

(aluminium or light alloy): Cực

anốt

l anodizing n process by which

a hard, non-corroding oxide layer

is deposit on aluminium or light

alloys: Ôxít hóa anốt

l anodizing bath or tank = tank in

which the anodising process is

performed: Bồn ôxít hóa anốt

ANS = anti-noise system: Hệ thống

chống ồn

ANSI (stand for) American National

Standard Institute: Viện Tiêu chuẩn Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ

l anti-chipping primer or filler =

a resilient primer protecting paintwork from chipping cause

by gravle or stones: Lớp sơn lót chống trầy

l anti-corrosion a combating and

protecting against corrosion, especially rust: Chống ăn mòn

l anti-corrosion warranty = a warranty, usually limited to corrosion damage, valid for an average of 6 years: Giấy bảo hành không bị ăn mòn

l anti-corrosive a inhibiting corrosion: Chống ăn mòn.

l anti-dazzle mirror n = dipping

mirror: Gương chống chói

l anti-dive (system) n front

suspension arrangement that converts the down-ward force

in the suspension links caused

by braking into a vertical force that tends to lift the body, thus reducing dive under braking: Hệ thống chống chúi đầu xe

l anti-drum compound n sticky

material, usually based on bitumen or rubber, applied to the inside of panels to reduce noise

antifreeze anti-sway bar

due to vibration or ‘druming’: Vật

liệu chống rung

antifreeze n chemical, such as

ethylene glycol, added to the

cooling water of an engine

to lower its freezing point: Chất

chống đông

antifriction bearing n any bearing

supporting its load on rolling

surfaces, such as balls, rollers

or needles, to minimize friction:

Vòng bi, bạc đạn

anti-knock additive or agent n petrol

additive preventing premature

ignition (i.e knocking or pinking )

of the mixture in the combustion

chamber, e.g tetraethyl lead or

tetramethyl lead: Chất chống

kích nổ

l anti-knock index n measure

of the antiknock properties of

the petrol, particularly in North

American, where it is defined

as half the sum of the research

octane number and motor octane

number: Chỉ số chống kích nổ

anti-rattle spring n = spreader

spring: Lò xo chống rung

l anti-roll bar n steel torsion bar

running across the car as part

of the front and, less frequently,

rear suspension layout and

used to reduce body roll during

cornering: Thanh ngang chống lật khi quay vòng

l anti-rust treatment n treatment of

iron and steel, i.e using sealant, for the purpose of corrosion protection: Xử lý chống rỉ sét(NOTE: also called rust proofing)

l anti-skid braking system (AS-BS)

n = anti-lock braking system: Hệ

thống phanh chống trượt

l anti-spin regulation (ASR) n

control or prevention of wheel spin under power, normally by means of electronic sensing and in conjunction with anti-lock braking: Sự điều khiển chống trượt

l anti-squat system n rear

suspension arrangement that converts the downward force cause by acceleration into a vertical force that tends to lift the rear body, thus reducing ‘squat’ under acceleration: Hệ thống nâng đuôi xe khi tăng tốc

l anti-squeal shim n shim places

behind the brake piston (or behind the brake pad in disc brakes) to reduce squeal: Miếng đệm chống

ồn khi phanh

l anti-sway bar n US = anti-roll

bar: Thanh chống lắc (đảo) xe

anvil arcing

l anti-thief system n either an

alarm system, or an additional

locking device (especially for the

steering wheel), or an electric

circuit immobilizing the car by

disconnecting the start and/or

ignition: Hệ thống chống trộm

l anti-vibration mounting n flexible

(typically rubber) mounting for

an engine, gearbox or another

mechanical item that reduces the

amount of noise and vibration

passed from the item in question

to the chassis: Giá chống rung

anvil n heavy iron block on which

something is placed for forging:

Cái đe

A-pillar or A-post n upright member

in front of the front door, a major

structural part of the body frame:

Trụ đỡ khung cửa phía cửa

trước

application n a state which

something is put : Sự đặt vào, sự

tra vào

l applicator n tool for putting

something onto a surface, such

as spreader for filler: Dụng cụ

rắc, trét

l apply v to put (something) on

(to something): Đặt lên

apron n panel extending downwards,

typically forming a skirt along the side of the car or an air dam at the front: Tấm chắn

AQL (stand for) acceptable quality

level: Mức chất lượng có thể chấp nhận

aquaplaning n loss of contact

between the tyre and a wet road when it rides upon a layer

of surface water: Sự trượt trên đường ướt

aqueous solution n water-based

solution: Dung dịch chứa nước

arbor n rotating shaft or spindle

in a machine tool on which, for example, a grinding wheel or piece for machining is fitted: Trục chính, đầu lắp

arc v to jump across a gap, especially

of an electric current forming a discharge: Hồ quang điện

arcing n (a) sparking and discharge at

the contact breaker points in the distributor, a cause of premature wear of the points: Sự phóng tia lửa trên vít lửa

(b) faulty spraying technique where the spray gun is not moved along the panel surface at a uniform distance, but is moved towards the panel when starting and is moved away again towards the

arc welding aspirator valve

end of the panel; this results in

uneven thickness of paint being

applied: Sơn không đều

arc welding n welding process

widely used for do it yourself

repairs (as the required equipment

is fairly cheap) in which the

welding current is generated by

a transformer, and the circuit is

closed when the electrode held

in the welding rod holder touches

the metal surface; the electrode

burns off as the rod holder is

moved along: Hàn hồ quang điện

armature n coil or coils of wire

around a metal core in which

electric current is induced in a

generator, or in which the input

current interacts with a magnetic

field to produce torque in a motor:

Phần ứng (máy điện)

l armature brake n mechanical or

electrical component in a starter

used to stop armature movement

after the starter motor has been

switched off: Cơ cấu hãm trục

phần ứng khi ngắt điện

l armature shaft n shaft on which

the armature is mounted in a starter

or generator: Trục phần ứng

armour-plated a made bullet-proof,

e.g with extra-thick body panels

and glass: Bọc thép chống đạn

articulated a made in two separate

sections, with a joint or coupling between them; especially of commercial vehicles consisting

of a tractor or towing unit and a trailer, having a swivelling coupling giving better manoeuvrability: Được nối bằng khớp nối

l articulated bus = bus in two sections, usually a single-decker, with passenger accommodation

in both sections: Xe buýt hai khoang

asbestos-free a Không có amiăng

ASBS= anti-skid braking system: Hệ thống phanh chống trượt

ASC see anti-spin regulation

ascending stroke n = up-stroke:

Kỳ đi lên.

ASD = automatic slip-control differential: Vi sai tự động kiểm soát trượt

aspect ratio n ratio between the

height and the width (e.g of a tyre): Tỉ số giữa chiều cao và chiều rộng lốp xe

aspiration n sucking in of the air/

fuel mixture or breathing process

of an internal combustion engine:

Sự hút

aspirator valve n check valve in air

induction systems: Van hút

ASR atomize

ASR = anti-spin regulation: Quy định

chống quay

assemble v to put together or build

up (something) from a number of

parts: Lắp ráp

l assembled crankshaft = build up

crankshaft: Trục khuỷu được ráp

từ nhiều đoạn

l assembly n the process or result

of putting together a number of

components: Sự lắp ráp, quy

trình lắp ráp

l assembly line = production line

where a vehicle is progressively

built up from its individual

components: Dây chuyền lắp ráp

asymmetric (al) a not having parts

that correspond, not uniform

(especially in distribution): Không

đối xứng

l asymmetric power distribution or

split = transmitting more power to

the front or rear wheels in a four

wheel drive: Sự phân phối công

suất không đối xứng

l asymmetric beam = a headlight

beam which has greater

intensity on one side than the

other: Chùm ánh sáng đèn đầu

không đối xứng

l asymmetric rim = wheel rim

where the well is located outside

the centreline of the wheel: Niềng

xe không đối xứng(NOTE: opposite is symmetric rim)ATC = automatic temperature control: Điều khiển nhiệt độ tự động

ATDC (stand for) after top dead

center: Sau điểm chết trên ATE = automatic test equipment: Thiết bị kiểm tra tự động

ATF = automatic transmission fluid: Dầu hộp số tự động

atmospheric corrosion n gradual

destruction or alteration of metals

or alloys by contact with substance present in the atmosphere, such

as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and sulphur and chlorine compounds: Sự ăn mòn hóa học trong không khí

l atmospheric pressure n pressure

exerted by the atmosphere at the earth’s surface: Áp suất khí quyển

atomize n to produce a fine spray,

e.g of paint: Sự tán nhuyễn, làm tơi

l atomizer n device for producing

a fine spray e.g on a spray gun:

Cơ cấu làm mịn tia sơn phun

l atomizing pressure n pressure

needed to atomize a liquid such

atramentizing automatic

as a paint: Áp suất tán nhuyễn

sơn

atramentizing n corrosion protection

process in which steel is coated

with phosphate using a zinc

phosphate solution at 900C: Phủ

kẽm lên thép để chống ăn mòn

attachment n a fitting or accessory

to be used in conjunction with a

tool such as a grinding disc for

use with an electric drill: Đồ gá

attack n example of corrosion or

another damaging, especially

chemical, action: Sự tác động

attenuation n reduction, especially

of noise or emissions: Sự cắt

giảm ô nhiễm hoặc tiếng ồn

ATV = all-terrain vehicle: Xe địa hình

authorized dealer n firm selling and

servicing a particular make of

vehicle, appointed by the

manufacturer: Đại lý ủy quyền

auto 1 n & a = automatic n.: Tự

động

2 US = automobile: Ô tô, xe hơi

l auto bonnet = car cap: Ca-pô ô tô

l autochoke n = AUTOMATIC

CHOKE: Cánh bướm gió tự động

autoclave n sealable high-pressure

container used for polymerisation

and in tyre production: Nồi hấp

trong công nghiệp nhựa và sản xuất lốp xe

automatic n colloquial short form

for automatic transmission, or a car with automatic transmission:

Từ viết tắt để chỉ hộp số tự động hoặc xe có hộp số tự động

l automatic air conditioning (system)

= air-conditioning system which automatically maintains a preset temperature: Hệ thống điều hòa không khí tự động

l automatic air recirculation (control) system = heating and ventilation subsystem which automatically switches to the recirculation mode when the pollutant levels of the air inside the vehicle exceed certain levels (e.g in rush-hour nose-to-tail traffic), but after a certain period

of recirculation (typically after 3 minutes), opens the intake air doors again to let some fresh air in, even

if its quality is still questionable:

Hệ thống tuần hoàn không khí

tự động

l automatic choke = device in the carburetor intake which positions the choke valve automatically

in accordance with engine temperature or time: Bướm gió

tự động

automatic closing system automatic volume control

l automatic closing system =

system which automatically closes

doors, windows and sunroof: Hệ

thống đóng cửa tự động

l automatic frequency control =

automatic retuning of stations on

the FM waveband when subject

l automatic level control or

levelling system = suspension

system that automatically adjust

front and rear ride heights to

compensate for changes in axle

loads; this can either be achieved

by adding air absorbers to a

conventional suspension system,

or by incorporating the system

in a sophisticated pneumatic or

hydro-pneumatic suspension

system: Tự động điều khiển độ

cứng hệ thống treo

l automatic muting = car radio

circuit which automatically

cancels noise output during

tuning: Mạch trong radio tự động

loại bỏ nhiễu khi dò đài

l automatic seat belt = inertia reel

seat belt

l automatic slip-control differential

(ASD) = electronically controlled, automatic locking differential developed by Mercedes-Benz:

Cơ cấu khóa vi sai tự động

l automatic speed control = cruise control: Điều khiển ga tự động

l automatic temperature control (ATC) = device for maintaining

a constant temperature in the vehicle interior: Thiết bị điều khiển nhiệt độ tự động

l automatic test equipment (ATE)

= usually electronic equipment for testing ignition, wiring, fuel injection systems, etc: Thiết bị kiểm tra tự động

automatic transmission n

transmission which changes the gear ratio without assistance from the driver and without interruption

of power flows, the changes being governed by factors such

as engine load and vehicle road speed (although the driver usually has a manual override): Hộp số tự động

l automatic transmission fluid (ATF) = special oil used in automatic transmissions: Dầu hộp số tự động

automatic volume control (AVC)

n car ratio circuit which

automatically adjusts the volume

automobile AUX

to the noise level in the car: Sự

điều chỉnh âm lượng tự động

l automic wear adjuster n device

that compensates automatically

for wear, e.g in the brakes or

clutch: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh tự động

độ êm dịu (phanh, ly hợp)

l automatic wire stripper n wire

striper that automatically adjusts to

the size of the wire to be stripped

and removes the insulation without

damaging the wires inside: Kìm

tuốt dây điện tự động

automobile n dated or formal word

for motor car in British English,

but still widely used in American

English: Xe hơi, ô tô

l automobile association = major

motoring organization, specially

the automobile association (AA)

in great British and American

automobile association (AAA):

Hiệp hội ô tô

l automobile engineering =

automotive engineering: Kỹ thuật

ô tô, công nghệ ô tô

l automobile industry = motor

industry: Công nghiệp ô tô

l automobile manufacture = motor

manufacture: Nhà sản xuất ô tô

l automobile mechanic = motor

mechanic: Thợ sửa chữa ô tô

l automobile polish = car polish:

Sự đánh bóng ô tô

automotive a relating to or occurring

in motor vehicles: Thuộc về ô tô, trong ô tô

l automotive adhesive = adhesive used in the manufacture of motor vehicles: Keo sử dụng trong sản xuất ô tô

l automotive electronics = applications of modern electronics

to the motor vehicles: Điện tử ô tô

l automotive electrician = electrician working on and designing systems for motor vehicles: Thợ điện ô tô

l automotive emissions = all types

of release into the atmosphere from motor vehicles, including exhaust gas, fuel and crankcase fumes, and noise: Chất thải từ động cơ ô tô

l automotive engineering = the design and construction of motor vehicles: Kỹ thuật (cơng nghệ) ơtơ

l automotive tool = tool for use in the construction or repair of motor vehicles: Dụng cụ sửa chữa ô tô AUX = auxiliary: Thiết bị phụ, phụ tùng

l auxiliary brake lights = additional

brake lights mounted at eye level

in the rear window to reduce the

risk of being run into from behind:

Đèn phanh phụ

l auxiliary drive shaft = secondary

drive shaft driving for example,

the fuel or water pumps or

distributor: Bán trục phụ

l auxiliary driving lamp = lamp

supplementing the light from the

headlamps, such as a fog lamp

or spot lamp: Đèn lái phụ

l auxiliary gearbox = extra gearbox

used in conjunction with the main

(manual) gearbox to provide an

additional range of speeds: Hộp

số phụ

l auxiliary leaf = helper leaf (in a

leaf spring): Nhíp phụ

AVC = automatic volume control

average 1 n mean value or rate:

Giá trị trung bình

2 v to achieve a certain mean value

or rate: Đạt giá trị trung bình

3 a found by calculating the mean

value or rate: Giá trị trung bình

l average fuel consumption = the distance covered divided by the time taken or the fuel used: Tốc

độ tiêu thụ nhiên liệu trung bình

aviation fuel n fuel suitable for

aircraft: Nhiên liệu cho máy bay

awl n tool with a sharp point and a

fluted blade for piercing holes: Cái dùi

awning n roof of canvas or similar

material stretched out from e.g

a caravan for protection from the sun and rain: Mái che, mui xe

axis n centreline about which a

body can or could rotate, or which divides a figure into two symmetrical parts: Trục

axle n transverse bar, tube, shaft

or beam which carries wheels at their end: Vi sai cầu xe

l axle casing = external, basically tubular housing containing the differential and half-shafts and with bearings at either end for the hubs: Vỏ vi sai

l axle housing = axle casing: Vỏ cầu xe (vi sai)

l axle load = axle weight: Tải trọng cầu xe

l axle stand = tripod which is adjustable for height and used for

axle tramp axle shaft

supporting the vehicle for longer

jobs: Con đội ba chân

l axle tramp = rocking or oscillation

of an axle under heavy acceleration

or braking due to inadequate

damping: Sự rung động của cầu

khi tăng tốc hoặc phanh

l axle tube = that part of the axle

casing enclosing the half-shaft,

or the tube forming a tubular rigid

axle: Vỏ cầu phần bán trục

l axle weight = that part of the weight of a vehicle resting on the wheels of an axle: Tải trọng cầu xe

l axle drive n final drive: Truyền

động cuối cùng

l axle shaft n short shaft

connecting the differential and the drive shaft on each side in an independent suspension layout: Bán trục cầu xe

Babbitt metal backing light

Babbitt metal n alloy of tin,

copper, antimony, and lead still

occasionally used for bearing

surfaces: Hợp kim chống mài

mòn trong bề mặt bạc lót

baby seat n seat for babies weighing

up to about 20 lbs, normally

installed facing backwards on

the front seat and allowing a half

upright seating position: Ghế

dành cho trẻ em

BAC = Blood Alcohol Content: Nồng

độ cồn trong máu

back axle n rear axle, usually on a

four-wheel vehicle: Cầu sau

l back axle ratio = Final drive ratio: Tỉ

số truyền động cuối cùng

backbone chassis n chassis based

on a single central spine carrying

or containing the drive train, the

body shell being mounted on

outriggers: Khung chính

backfire 1 n explosion either at the

wrong time in the cylinder or

of unburnt or only partly burnt mixture in the exhaust system, causing a loud bang: Tiếng nổ ở ống thải do lửa trễ hoặc hoà khí chưa cháy hết

2 v to make a loud bang as a result

of unburnt or only partly burnt mixture exploding in the exhaust system or the cylinder: Gây ra tiếng nổ lớn ở pô

backlash n excessive play in a

mechanical system such as gears

or linkages, due to looseness or flexing: Khoảng chết, khe hở

backing light n US = rear window:

backplate balance

backplate n fixed heavy-gauge metal

plate attached to the suspension

and carrying the brake shoes and

brake operating mechanism of a

drum brake, or the plate carrying

the brake pad in a disc brake:

Mâm phanh

(NOTE: US = backing plate)

back pressure n any pressure

holding back the flow of the

gases in an exhaust system: Áp

suất ngược của khí thải

backrest n back of a seat: Lưng ghế

back up v US = REVERSING: De

xe, lùi xe

back up alarm n US reverse warning

signal: Kèn báo lùi xe

l back-up light n US = REVERSING

LIGHT: Đèn lùi xe

back-voltage n voltage which

opposes the current when the

current in an inductive circuit

changes and the magnetic fields

cut the conductors: Điện áp

ngược

l self-induction back-voltage

= back-voltage produced by

self- induction; this induced

electromotive force opposes the

change in current and enhancing

it if the current is decreasing:

Điện áp ngược tự cảm

badge n typically, the maker’s logo

in coloured enamel on chrome plate but can also be letters or symbols indicating a particular type or model, such as V-12, 16V, fiesta, etc.: Biểu tượng, mác, nhãn

baffle plate n usually transverse

steel plate reducing the flow or motion of gases or liquids, e.g

in a silencer, in the sump of an engine or in a fuel tank: Tấm chắn giảm dòng chảy

bake v to dry or cure a paint or other

finish using heat: Nung, sấy

bakelite n proprietary, hard, brittle

plastic used in the early days

of plastic engineering, esp for electrical parts because of its good insulating properties: Nhựa cách điện, nhựa bakêlit

balance 1 n state in which weight is

evenly distributed: Sự cân bằng

2 v to fix weights, e.g to the rim of

a wheel or a crankshaft in order

to correct weight distribution and thus reduce vibration: Làm cân bằng

l balance crankshaft = crankshaft with extended webs to form counterbalances or a vibration damper: Trục khuỷu đã được cân bằng động

balanced engine ballast ignition system

l balanced engine = engine in

which all reciprocating parts such

as pistons and connecting rods

are adjusted to the same weight:

Động cơ đã cân bằng

l balance control n knob or slide

control which adjusts the level of

the left and right speakers of a

stereo system: Nút cân bằng âm

thanh giữa loa trái và phải

l balance disc n balance device

in centrifugal pumps, in the

front of a disc fitted to the pump

shaft, which lifts when a force is

generated on the underside of

the disc, leaking pressure until

the axial forces are balanced: Đĩa

cân bằng (bơm ly tâm)

l balance pipe n in a twin

carburetor layout, a pipe joining

the inlet tracts or choke tubes

of the two carburetors to even

out differences in flow: Ống cân

bằng

l balance shaft n additional rotating

shaft in the crankcase fitted with

counterweights, esp in single

and twin cylinder engines, to

reduce vibration: Trục cân bằng

l balance weight n small lead

weight fitted to the wheel rim to

restore wheel balance: Miếng chì

l balancing weight = balance weight: Đối trọng

bald tyre n tyre on which the tread

is completely worn away: Lốp xe quá mòn

balk ring n = baulk ring: Vòng cản

ball n (a) spherical part, e.g in a ball bearing or a ball socket joint: Bi(b) = towball: Khớp nối cầu

l ball and nut steering n =

recirculating ball steering: Hệ thống lái kiểu bi tuần hoàn

l ball and socket n = ball joint:

Khớp cầu

ballast ignition system n ignition

system incorporating a ballast resistor connected in series with the coil primary winding and bypassed when the starter is operated, ensuring improved cold starting performance and spark efficiency: Hệ thống đánh lửa có điện trở phụ

l ballast resistor = resistor in which the resistance increase

ball bearing bandwidth

as the current passing through it

increases, used in motor vehicles

to control the output from the

coil at high engine speeds and

provide a better spark for starting:

Điện trở phụ

ball bearing n most common type

of antifriction bearing, comprising

two rings or races between which

hardened steel balls run in tracks,

and able to absorb both axial and

radial loads: Bạc đạn bi, vòng bi,

ổ bi

l ball bearing puller = puller for

removing ball bearings that sit on

a shaft and in a housing: Cảo ổ bi

(bạc đạn)

l ball cage n circular frame which

holds the balls in place in a ball

bearing: Vòng bi, rế bi

l ball end hexagon screwdriver

n screwdriver with a ball type

hexagon tip allowing it to be used

at an angle of up to 300 from the

screw head: Tuốc nơ vít đầu lục

giác có vòng bi

l ball joint n mechanical coupling in

which ball on the end of one part

moves freely within a recessed

spherical socket in the end of

another, often used in suspension

and steering linkages: Khớp cầu

l ball joint separator = tool for forcing out ball or tapered joints, either in the from of the simple fork with wedge–shaped jaw which is struck with a hammer

to separate the joint, or a tool using direct pressure from a screw–activated lever action to split the joint: Thiết bị tháo khớp cầu

ball peen hammer n hammer with

a head having one flat and one rounded end: Búa đầu tròn

l ball socket n recessed spherical

socket for receiving the ball in a ball joint: Hốc cầu

l ball valve n non-return valve

comprising a recessed spherical seating into which a ball fits to cover a hole, closing if the flow of liquid is reversed: Van bi, van một chiều

bal res = ballast resistor: Điện trở phụ

band brake n brake consisting of

a steel band with a friction lining passing round a drum, which contracts and grips the drum, when the brake is applied: Đai phanh

bandwidth n range of audio

frequencies an audio component

banger base

such as a car stereo can handle:

Băng tần

banger n (informal) old, cheap and

well-worn car, which may be still

serviceable: Ô tô cũ

l banger racing = racing beat-up old

saloons from which the glass and

trim have been removed on small

tracks, with aggressive driving

and frequent contact between the

car: Cuộc đua ô tô cũ

banjo n (a) type of right-angled

union for a pipe or flexible hose,

comprising a ring–shaped piece

on the end of the pipe through

which a threaded hollow bolt is

passed: Đai siết ống, cổ dê

(b) drum-shaped central part of

an axle casing containing the

differential: Bán cầu vi sai

l banjo axle = rear axle with a

drum-shaped differential casing:

Vỏ cầu vi sai dạng bán cầu

bar n unit of pressure; one bar

equals 100 kilopascals or 14.5

pound-force per square inch:

Đơn vị đo áp suất

bar clamp n tool with a fixed head

and a sliding foot for clamping

purposes: Thanh kẹp

barometric pressure sensor n

sensor in an engine management

system providing information on ambient barometric pressure for the adjustment of mixture etc., which is important for the maintenance of good engine performance at different altitudes: Cảm biến đo áp suất khí quyển

barrel n main tubular section of a

carburetor including the air intake and choke tube: Họng khuếch tán

bộ chế hòa khí

barrier cream n special cream

recommended for use when working on cars to reduce soiling

of the hands and prevent skin infections or allergic reactions when working with substances such as oils, thinners, paints, etc.: Kem bảo vệ da

l barrier effect n the effect produced

by coatings shielding especially metal surfaces from corrosive agents: Tác dụng chống ăn mòn

l barrier paint n primer which

isolates a top coat from a surface

or other finish with which it is incompatible: Sơn lót

base n lowest supporting part of

a usually upright member, or bottom layer or coating in a paint system: Nền, đế, bệ, căn bản

l base coat n first coat in a paint

system, either an undercoat or