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Trang 1Applied Organic Chemistry
Trang 2Applied Organic Chemistry
Reaction Mechanisms and Experimental Procedures in Medicinal Chemistry
Surya K De
Volume 1
Trang 3Applied Organic Chemistry
Reaction Mechanisms and Experimental Procedures in Medicinal Chemistry
Surya K De
Volume 2
Trang 4be free of errors Readers are advised
to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No.:
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Trang 5Contents
Volume 1
Preface xxiii
About the Author xxv
About the Book xxvii
Experimental Procedure (from patent US 5142093A) 3
Dakin Oxidation (Reaction) 3
Experimental Procedure (general) 7
Preparation of Caprolactam (from patent US 3437655A) 7
Benzilic Acid Rearrangement 8
Trang 6Experimental Procedure (general) 27
Hofmann Rearrangement (Hofmann degradation of amide) 28
Trang 7Experimental Procedure (general) 34
Rupe Rearrangement/Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement 34
Rupe Rearrangement 35
Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement 35
Mechanism 35
Application 36
Experimental Procedure (from patent US4088681A) 36
Schmidt Rearrangement or Schmidt Reaction 36
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation or Rearrangement 45
Dakin Oxidation or Reaction 47
Bamberger Rearrangement 48
Beckmann Rearrangement 48
Benzilic Acid Rearrangement 50
Baker–Venkataraman Rearrangement 51
Trang 8Claisen Rearrangement/Eschenmoser–Claisen
Rearrangement/Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement/Johnson–ClaisenRearrangement/Overman Rearrangement 52
Rupe Rearrangement/Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement 62
Schmidt Rearrangement or Schmidt Reaction 63
Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangement 64
Wolff Rearrangement 65
Arndt–Eistert Homologation or Synthesis 66
Zinin Rearrangement or Benzidine and Semidine Rearrangements 67
2 Condensation Reaction 69
Aldol Condensation Reaction 69
Application 70
Experimental Procedure (general) 71
Enantioselective Aldol Reaction (from patent US 6919456B2) 71
Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction 72
Mechanism 72
Application 72
Experimental Procedure (from patent DE102013011081A1) 73
Evans Aldol Reaction 73
Experimental Procedure (from patent US 6919456B2) 76
Preparation of Chiral Catalyst 76
Trang 9Contents ix
Application 79
Experimental Procedure (from patent US9884836B2) 79
Darzens Glycidic Ester Condensation 80
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2010136360A2) 84
Pechmann Condensation (synthesis of coumarin) (also called von
Pechmann condensation) 85
Mechanism 85
Application 86
Experimental Procedure (from patent US7202272B2) 86
Perkin Condensation or Reaction 86
Aldol Condensation Reaction 90
Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction 93
Evans Aldol Reaction 96
Trang 10Experimental Procedure (from patent US5807866A) 112
Experimental Procedure (from patent US8809558B1) 124
Wittig Reaction or Olefination 124
Trang 11Contents xi
Experimental Procedure (from patent DE102014107132A1)
(For more experimental procedures see Chapter 15) 130
Jacobsen–Katsuki Asymmetric Epoxidation 130
Mechanism 131
Application 131
Experimental Procedure (from patent US7501535B2) 132
Shi Asymmetric Epoxidation 132
Mechanism 133
Application 133
Experimental Procedure (from patent EP1770095A1) 133
Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation 134
Mechanism 135
Application 135
Experimental Procedure (from patent US7472570B1) 136
Sharpless Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation 136
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO1997013780A1) 139
Prévost trans-Dihydroxylation Reaction 140
Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation 150
Jacobsen–Katsuki Asymmetric Epoxidation 152
Shi Asymmetric Epoxidation 153
Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation 155
Sharpless Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation 156
Trang 12Experimental Procedure (from patent US6080563A) 165
Barton Nitrite Photolysis (Barton nitrite ester reaction) 166
Experimental Procedure (general) 175
Cope Elimination Reaction 175
Trang 13Experimental Procedure (from Reference [22], Copyright 2013,
American Chemical Society) 182
Diels–Alder Reaction 183
Normal Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction 183
Inverse electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction 183
Experimental Procedure (general) 194
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO1994028886A1) 195
Gabriel Synthesis 195
Mechanism 196
Trang 14Experimental Procedure (from patent WO199101199A1) 199
Hofmann Elimination or Exhaustive Methylation 199
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2019093776A1) 201
Huisgen Cycloaddition Reaction 202
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2017060906A1) 204
Keck Asymmetric Allylation 204
Mechanism 205
Application 205
Experimental Procedure (from patent US6603023B2) 205
Thionation Reaction (Lawesson’s Reagent) 206
Mechanism 207
Application 207
Experimental Procedure (general) 207
Michael Addition or Reaction 208
Experimental Procedure (from patent US20170145017A1) 211
Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction (Baylis–Hillman Reaction) 211
Trang 15Contents xv
Mechanism 215
Application 215
Experimental Procedure (from Reference [29], copyright 2019,
American Chemical Society) 216
Experimental Procedure (from patent US7019172B2) 228
Stork Enamine Synthesis 228
Experimental Procedure (from Reference [38], copyright 2012,
American Chemical Society) 231
Ullmann Coupling or Biaryl Synthesis 232
Mechanism 232
Application 233
Ullmann Biaryl Ether and Biaryl Amine Synthesis/Ullman
Condensation 233
Trang 16Ullmann Biaryl Ether Synthesis 233
Goldberg Reaction (biaryl amines) 233
Ullmann-Type Reaction/Ullmann Condensation 234
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO1994028886A1) 239
Wurtz Coupling or Reaction 239
Trang 17Contents xvii
Hosomi–Sakurai Reaction 260
Huisgen Cycloaddition Reaction/Click Chemistry 262
Hunsdiecker Reaction 262
Keck Asymmetric Allylation 263
Thionation Reaction (Lawesson’s Reagent) 264
Michael Addition or Reaction 265
Ullmann Coupling or Biaryl Synthesis 285
Ullmann Biaryl Ether and Biaryl Amine Synthesis/Ullman
Condensation 286
Weinreb Ketone Synthesis 287
Williamson Ether Synthesis 289
Wurtz Coupling or Reaction 290
Experimental Procedure (from patent US4814508A) 298
Gattermann Aldehyde Synthesis 298
Mechanism 299
Experimental Procedure (from patent US2067237A) 299
Gattermann–Koch Aldehyde Synthesis 300
Mechanism 300
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2002020447A1) 301
Haworth Reaction 301
Mechanism 303
Trang 18Experimental Procedure (from patent CN106977377A) 304
Gattermann Aldehyde Synthesis 317
Gattermann–Koch Aldehyde Synthesis 317
6 Pd-Catalyzed C—C Bond-Forming Reactions 323
Suzuki Coupling Reaction 323
Mechanism 324
Application 325
Experimental Procedure (General) 325
Heck Coupling Reaction (Mizoroki–Heck Reaction) 325
Mechanism 326
Application 327
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2008138938A2) 327
Negishi Coupling Reaction 328
Mechanism 328
Application 329
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2010026121) 329
Stille Coupling Reaction (Migita–Kosugi–Stille Coupling
Trang 19Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2015144799) 335
Hiyama Coupling Reaction 335
Mechanism 336
Application 336
Experimental Procedure (from patent US20022018351A1) 336
Liebeskind–Srogl Coupling Reaction 337
Mechanism 337
Application 338
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2008030840A2) 338
Fukuyama Coupling Reaction 338
Mechanism 339
Application 339
Experimental Procedure (from patent US20150336915A1) 339
Buchwald–Hartwig Coupling Reaction (Buchwald–Hartwig
Suzuki Coupling Reaction 343
Heck Coupling Reaction (Mizoroki–Heck Reaction) 345
Negishi Coupling Reaction 347
Stille Coupling Reaction (Migita–Kosugi–Stille Coupling
Reaction) 349
Sonogashira Coupling Reaction 351
Kumada Cross-Coupling 353
Hiyama Coupling Reaction 355
Liebeskind–Srogl Coupling Reaction 356
Fukuyama Coupling Reaction 357
Buchwald–Hartwig Coupling Reaction (Buchwald–Hartwig
Amination) 358
Tsuji–Trost Allylation 360
Trang 207 Multicomponent Reaction 363
Biginelli Reaction (3-Component Reaction [3-CR]) 363
One of Plausible Mechanisms 364
Application 364
Experimental Procedure (from patent US810606062B1) 364
Gewald Reaction (3-Component Reaction [3-CR]) 365
Mechanism 365
Application 366
Experimental Procedure (from patent US20100081823A1) 366
Hantzsch Pyridine Synthesis 366
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2007011910A2) 370
Passerini Reaction (3-Component Reaction [3-CR]) 370
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO1995002566A1) 373
Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis 373
Mechanism 374
Part 1: Formation of α-Aminonitrile 374
Part 2: Hydrolysis of the Nitrile 374
Application 375
Experimental Procedure (from patent US5169973A) 375
Ugi Reaction (4-Component Reaction [4-CR]) 375
Plausible Reaction Mechanism 376
Application 377
Experimental Procedure (from patent US20150087600A1) 377
Asinger Reaction (4-Component Reaction [A-4CR]) 378
Trang 21Contents xxi
Volume 2
Preface xxi
About the Author xxiii
About the Book xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
List of Abbreviations xxix
8 Oxidations and Reductions 389
9 Nomenclature and Application of Heterocyclic Compounds 449
10 Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Using Named Reactions 469
11 Protection and Deprotection of Common Functional Groups 507
12 Amino Acids and Peptides 519
13 Functional Group Transformation 543
14 Synthesis of Some Drug Molecules 565
15 Common Laboratory Methods 573
16 Common Reagents in Organic Synthesis 603
Appendix A List of Medicines (Partial) and Nutrients 671
Index 737
Trang 22Volume 1
Preface xxiii
About the Author xxv
About the Book xxvii
5 Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions 293
6 Pd-Catalyzed C—C Bond-Forming Reactions 323
7 Multicomponent Reaction 363
Volume 2
Preface xxi
About the Author xxiii
About the Book xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
List of Abbreviations xxix
8 Oxidations and Reductions 389
Oxidation Reactions 389
Corey–Kim Oxidation 389
Mechanism 390
Trang 23Experimental Procedure (General) 392
Experimental Procedure (from patent US9212136B2) 393
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO1998008849A1) 407
Criegee Oxidation (Criegee Glycol Cleavage) 407
Trang 24Experimental Procedure (from patent WO1994028886A1) 417
Corey–Bakshi–Shibata Reduction (also known as Itsuno–Corey
reduction) 417
Mechanism 418
Application 418
Experimental Procedure (from patent WO2013040068A2) 419
Noyori Asymmetric Hydrogenation 419
Trang 259 Nomenclature and Application of Heterocyclic Compounds 449
The Hantzsch–Widman Nomenclature 449
Extra Hydrogen Atom 453
Heterocycles with Fused Rings 453
Common Names 455
The Replacement Nomenclature 456
Application of Heterocyclic Compounds 456
Drugs for Oxirane Derivatives 457
Drugs for Aziridine Derivatives 457
Drugs for Azetidine Derivatives 457
Drugs for Oxetane Derivatives 457
Drugs for Furan Derivatives 458
Drugs for Thiophene Derivatives 459
Drugs for Pyrrole and Pyrrolidine Derivatives 459
Drugs for Imidazole, Imidazoline, and Imidazolidine Derivatives 460
Antibacterial 460
Antifungal 460
Other 460
Drugs for Triazole Derivatives 460
Drugs for Isoxazole Derivatives 461
Drugs for Thiazole Derivatives 461
Trang 26Drugs for Pyridine Derivatives 461
Drugs for Pyrimidine Derivatives 462
Drugs for Pyrazine Derivatives 463
Drugs for Piperidine Derivatives 463
Drugs for Quinoline/Isoquinoline Derivatives 463
Drugs for Oxazole/Isoxazole/Thiazole/Thiadiazole Derivatives 463
Drugs for Chromane Derivatives 464
Drugs for Indole Derivatives 464
Drugs for Benzimidazole Derivatives 464
Drugs for Indazole Derivatives 465
Drugs for Azepin/Diazepine Derivatives 465
Drugs for Xanthine Derivatives 465
Drugs for Lactone Derivatives 466
Drugs for β-Lactam Derivatives 466
References 467
10 Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Using Named Reactions 469
Bartoli Indole Synthesis 469
Experimental Procedure (from patent US6048868A) 472
Combes Quinoline Synthesis 472
Experimental Procedure (from patent CN106243072A) 478
Fischer Indole Synthesis 478
Mechanism 479
Application 479
Experimental Procedure (General) 480
Friedländer Synthesis or Annulation 480
Mechanism 481
Trang 27x Contents
Application 481
Experimental Procedure (General) 481
Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis 482
Experimental Procedure (General) 484
Paal–Knorr Furan Synthesis 484
Mechanism 485
Experimental Procedure (General) 485
Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis 485
Experimental Procedure (from patent CN107552089A) 490
Skraup Quinoline Synthesis 491
Feist–Benary Synthesis of Furan 496
Fischer Indole Synthesis 497
Friedländer Synthesis or Annulation 498
Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis 499
Madelung Indole Synthesis 501
Paal–Knorr Furan Synthesis 502
Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis 502
Pictet–Gams Isoquinoline Synthesis 503
Pictet–Spengler Reaction 503
Skraup Quinoline Synthesis 505
Trang 2811 Protection and Deprotection of Common Functional Groups 507
Methoxymethyl (MOM) Ether 510
2-Methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) Ether 510
Benzyloxymethyl (BOM) Ether 510
Protection and Deprotection for the Carboxylic Acid Group 514
From Primary or Secondary Alcohol 514
Trang 29xii Contents
For tert-Butyl Ester 514
Benzyl Ester 515
Silyl Ester 515
2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl Ester (SEM Ester) 515
Protection and Deprotection of Carbonyl Group 515
Dimethyl Acetals and Ketals 515
1,3-Dioxolane (Cyclic Acetals and Ketals) 515
Protection and Deprotection for the Carboxylic Acid Group 517
Protection and Deprotection of Carbonyl Group 517
Protection for the Terminal Alkyne CH 518
12 Amino Acids and Peptides 519
Natural Amino Acids 519
Amino Acids with Nonpolar Side Chain 521
Amino Acids with Polar Side Chain 522
Amino Acids with Positive Charged (Basic) Side Chain 522
Amino Acids with Negatively Charged (Acidic) Side Chain 523
Nonnatural Amino Acids 523
Solution-Phase Peptide Synthesis 525
Experimental 525
Mechanism of DIC–HOBt Coupling Reaction 526
Mechanism of Boc Deprotection with TFA 527
Mechanism of Fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) Deprotectionwith Piperidine 528
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis 528
Merrifield Resin 528
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Fmoc Strategy 529
Amino Acids with Side-Chain Protecting Groups for Fmoc
Trang 30Experimental Procedure 539
Stapled Peptide by Click Chemistry 539
Building Blocks for Click Chemistry (Both L and D Analogs
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone 544
Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid 546
Methyl Phenyl Ether to Phenol [17, 18] 559
Toluene to Benzyl Halides 560
Trang 31xiv Contents
Alkylbenzene to Benzoic Acid 560
Aromatic Amine to Azide 560
Aromatic Halide to Aldehyde [21] 561
Aromatic Halide to Benzoic Acid [22] 561
Amine to Urea and Thiourea 562
Urea Formation from Two Amines 563
References 563
14 Synthesis of Some Drug Molecules 565
References 572
15 Common Laboratory Methods 573
Acetylation of Alcohol (patent WO2013040068A2) 573
Deacetylation (patent WO2013040068A2) 573
Tosylation of Alcohol (patent US9399645B2) 574
Benzoylation of Alcohol (patent WO2019093776A1) 574
Pivaloylation of Alcohol (patent WO2019093776A1) 575
Silylation of Alcohol (patent WO1998008849A1) 575
Desilylation (patent WO1998008849A1) 575
Esterification (ester formation) 576
Ester Formation from Acid and Alcohol (patent US9399645B2) 576
Carboxylic Acid to Benzyl Ester (patent WO2019134765A1) 577
Hydrolysis (saponification) of Ester 577
Carboxylic Acid to Acid Chloride (patent US20070197544A1) 577
Acid Chloride to Amide (patent US20070197544A1) 578
Amide Bond Formation Using Carboxylic Acid and PBr3(patentUS20070197544A1) 578
Buchwald–Hartwig Amination (patent US20070197544A1) 579
Ester to Carboxylic Acid (patent WO2019134765A1) 579
Benzyl Ester to Carboxylic Acid (patent WO2019134765A1) 580
Boc- Protection of Amino Group (patent US20090054548A1) 580
Deprotection of Boc Group (patent US20090054548A1) 581
Sulfonation of Aromatic Compound (patent WO2002030878A1) 581
Nitration of Aromatic Compound (mild and noncorrosive conditions)(patent WO1994019310A1) 582
Nitration of Aromatic Compound (regular method) 582
Nitration of Aromatic Compound (regular method) (patent
WO2016118450A1) 582
Reduction of Nitro Group (patent WO2018167800A1) 583
Reduction of Nitro Group by Hydrogenation (patent
US6329380B1) 583
Trang 32Reduction of Nitro Group Using Hydrazine Raney Nickel (patent
US20070197544A1) 584
Reduction of Nitro Group Using Fe and NH4Cl (patent
US20070197544A1) 584
Reduction of Ketone with NaBH4 (patent WO2013040068A2) 585
Reduction of Ester to Alcohol (patent US9399645B2) 585
Reduction of Ester to Alcohol with DIBAL-H (patent
WO2016037566A1) 586
Ester to Aldehyde (patent US20190337964A1) 586
Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohol (patent
WO2013040068A2) 587
Oxidation of Alcohol Using DMP 587
Oxidation of Primary Alcohol Using TEMPO (patent
US10407378B2) 587
Benzylation of Phenol 588
Debenzylation by Hydrogenation (Patent WO1994028886A1) 588
Iodination of Aromatic Compound (patent US7951832B2) 589
Methylation of Phenol 589
Demethylation to Phenol (patent US6924310B2) 590
Bromide to O-Benzyl (patent WO2019134765A1) 590
Tosylate to Fluoride (patent WO2019134765A1) 590
Iodide to Tosylate (patent WO2019134765A1) 591
Ozonolysis of Alkene (patent WO2013040068A2) 591
Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Alkene (Sharpless Method)
(WO2019093776A1) 592
Alcohol to Fluoride (WO2019134765A1) 592
Alcohol to Iodide (patent US9399645B2) 593
Alcohol to Bromide (patent WO2016037566A1) 593
Alcohol to Iodide via Tosylation (patent WO2016037566A1) 594
Alkene to Aldehyde (patent WO1998008849A1) 594
Amine to Azide via Diazotization (patent WO20030135050A1) 595
Azide to Amine (patent US6329380B1) 595
Reductive Amination (patent WO2005118525A1) 596
Asymmetric C-Alkylation (patent WO2005118525A1) 596
Aldehyde to 1,1-Difluoroalkane (WO2018167800A1) 597
Free Radical Reaction (patent WO2013040068A2) 597
Trang 33xvi Contents
Acetic Anhydride 603
Acetyl Chloride 604
AlkylFluor 605
Aluminum Chloride (Aluminium Chloride; AlCl3) 605
Aluminum Isopropoxide (Aluminium Isopropoxide) 605
Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) 605
Ammonium Formate 606
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Sodium Salt (Sodium l-Ascorbate) 607
9-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-Oxyl, (2-Azaadamantane-N-oxyl)
Chloramine-T, N-chloro Tosylamide Sodium Salt 617
m -Chloroperbenzoic Acid (m-CPBA) 618
Trang 34Di-tert-butyl Azodicarboxylate (DBAD) 623
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) 623
N ,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) 624
Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) 624
Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (DEAD) 625
Diiodomethane (CH2I2) 625
Diisobutylaluminum Hydride (DIBAL-H) 626
Diisopropylaminoborane 626
Diisopropyl Azodicarboxylate (DIAD) 626
N ,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (Hünig’s Base) 627
2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) 633
Iron(III) Nitrate Nonahydrate 634
Isoamyl Nitrite (Also Called Amyl Nitrite) 634
Isobutyl Chloroformate 634
Jones Reagent 635
Lawesson’s Reagent 635
Lead Tetraacetate (Pd(OAc)4) 635
Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4) 636
Lithium Diisopropylamide (LDA) 637
2,6-Lutidine (2,6-Dimethylpyridine) 637
Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) 637
Methanesulfonyl Chloride (Mesyl Chloride) 638
N -Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) 638
Nitrosobenzene 639
Osmium Tetroxide 639
Oxalyl Chloride 640
Trang 35Ruthenium(III) Chloride (RuCl3) 651
Scandium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate (Scandium Triflate) 652
Sodium Hydride (NaH) 654
Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) 654
Sodium Nitrite 655
Sodium Periodate 655
Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) 655
Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) 655
Tetra-n-butylammonium Fluoride (TBAF) 656
Tetra-n-butylammonium Iodide (TBAI) 656
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(Ph3P)4) 657
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) 657
Tetrapropylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP) 657
Thionyl Chloride 657
Trang 36Trityl Chloride (Triphenylmethyl Chloride) 664
Urea Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP) 664
Zinc (Zn) 665
Zinc Chloride 665
References 666
Further Reading 668
Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Books Consulted 668
Appendix A List of Medicines (Partial) and Nutrients 671
Antibiotic (antibacterial agent) 671
Antiviral Medicines 673
Antifungal Medicines 678
Antimalarial Medicines 683
Antituberculosis Medicines 685
Medicines for Pain 687
Anticonvulsants Medication (antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure
drugs) 688
Anti-infective Medicines (anthelminthics and antifilarials) 689
Medicines for Migraine 690
Antileprosy Medicines 691
Disinfectant and Antiseptics 692
Antidiabetic Medicines (diabetes medications) 692
Medicines for Anesthetics (anesthetics) 695
Antiallergics and Medicines for Anaphylaxis 696
Cardiovascular Medicines 697
Medicines for Gastrointestinal 700
Medicines for Mental and Behavioral Disorders 701
Medicine for Joint Paints 703
Medicines Affecting the Blood 704
Medicines for Cancer (antineoplastics) 705
Medicines for Parkinson’s Disease 718
Medicines for Ear, Nose, and Throat 720
Trang 37xx Contents
Medicines for the Respiratory Tract 721
Reproductive Health and Perinatal Care Medicines 722
Medicines for Dermatological (topical) 725
Trang 38reac-by step, the mechanism of selected reactions that are part of undergraduateand postgraduate curricula The definition of each named reaction with itsoriginal reference(s), i.e the first one or others if applicable, current reviews,
and their applications (sourced from Journal of Medicinal Chemistry and others)
are also included Heterocyclic compounds have important biological activities,
so the nomenclature and application of heterocyclic compounds have beensummarized in Chapter 9 In addition, Chapter 12 presents preliminary conceptsregarding solution-phase and solid-phase peptide syntheses For synthetic standpoints, common organic reagents and functional groups transformation arediscussed in Chapters 13–16
References included in this book are available on PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) or https://pubs.acs.org The experimental procedure ofeach reaction can be found on Google Patents (http://patents.google.com)
I would like to express great thanks to Dr Ramkrishna De (Vertex ticals) for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions Also,
Pharmaceu-Dr Maloy Kumar Parai provided some assistance in preparing the manuscript
I would like to express great thanks to Wiley editors Dr Anne Brennführer,
Dr Frank Weinreich, Ms Katherine Wong, as well as their staffs Ms PinkySathishkumar, Ms Abisheka Santhoshini who helped me to complete this book.Finally, I wish to thank my family members for their continual understandingand support
I welcome and, in fact, earnestly request readers to notify me of any suggestionsfor improving this book
Surya K De
San Diego, CA, USA
March 2020
Trang 39About the Author
Surya K De received his BS degree from Midnapore College and his PhD
degree from Jadavpur University His first book, Cancer & You: What Everyone
Needs to Know About Cancer and Its Prevention, was published in 2018 He haspublished over 100 peer-reviewed papers in reputed international journals,covering a broad array of specialized topics in science, and he holds 15 USpatents for his inventions Due to Dr De’s abundant research contributions
in the areas of cancer, metabolic diseases, organic and medicinal chemistry,and neuroscience, he earned the distinction of Fellow of the Royal Society ofChemistry (London, UK) in 2010; he was subsequently awarded the status ofChartered Chemist in 2011 Furthermore, he is an elected alternate councilor
in the American Chemical Society (San Diego section) Dr De resides in SanDiego, California, where he loves the scenic coastline and sunny skies
Trang 40About the Book
This book is unique in that it covers most reactions that are the syllabus ofundergraduate and postgraduate students The reaction mechanisms are shown
in details with step-by-step explanation of the processes Most of the reactions’applications and experimental procedures are also given Professional researchermay utilize it as a handbook due to its references to original literature, recentreviews, and application of named reactions and reagents frequently used inorganic synthesis