(SKKN CHẤT 2020) helping the grade 12 students improve their sense of responsibility to themselves, their families and society through post reading activities

Whereas, it is obviously possible to educate students' sense of responsibility through different subjects such as: Civic Education, Literature, Biology, English,… A question is raised is

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PART I: INTRODUCTION

So far, we have been caring much about what families, schools and society should do for children However, it is also important for students to be aware of what they have to do for themselves, their families and society In other words, students must be responsible to themselves, their families and society But in fact, many students not only neglect studying but also often avoid and complain about their tasks, miss deadlines, break the disciplines, and even blame others for the mistakes and failure They are more and more materialistic, selfish, indifferent and emotionless Therefore, it is undeniable that they are becoming more and more irresponsible.

As a high school teacher, I have learned that one of the six pillars of character education is to be responsible However, educating sense of responsibility at my school has not been really effective One of the most basically causes may be that responsibilities are usually taught theoretically with little practical application In addition, it is not focused on in every lesson they learn in classes Whereas, it is obviously possible to educate students' sense

of responsibility through different subjects such as: Civic Education, Literature, Biology, English,… A question is raised is how I can teach my students sense of responsibility while our teaching methods mainly focus on language skills In addition, my students are at the grade 12 when the GCSSE exam is coming soon and the teachers try to teach the knowledge that help students to get good marks in their tests and exams It means I have to improve my students' sense of responsibility through teaching knowledge and language skills.

As a matter of fact t he post-reading stage of a reading lesson is often confused with the closing of a lesson So, teachers usually use classic post- reading activities to make sure that the students have already comprehended the text However, I learn that at the post-reading stage students are not studying about the language of the text and they are not comprehending the text, either At this stage students are supposed to apply what they possess Post- reading activities are expected to encourage students to reflect upon what they have read, which takes the students to their real life situation So, post-reading stage is potential to apply the activities which help improve students' sense of responsibility to themselves, their families and society By this way I can combine teaching language skills with improving my students' sense of

responsibility without time-consuming.

For the reasons above, from the beginning of the school year 2018-2019, I have carried a study which has changed the ways we used to teach post-reading

with the topic "Helping the grade 12 students improve their sense of

responsibility to themselves, their families and society through reading activities" Hoping that with these experiences teaching post-reading

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at my school will become more flexible and our students will be more

responsible to themselves, their families and society.

PART II: CONTENT

I THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1 Sense of responsibility

1.1 Definition of responsibility and sense of responsibility

Responsibility is defined as the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone; thestate or fact of being accountable or to blame for something; the opportunity or ability to act independently and take decisions without authorization; a thing which one is required to do as part of a job, role, or legal obligation Responsibility is the burden someone is obligated to fulfill in order to meet a particular need Someone’s level of meeting his responsibilities shows how trustworthy he is, particularly if he consistently meets his responsibilities.

A sense of responsibility is an awareness of one’s obligations; it’s like doing what we suppose to do It can be defined as a general conscious awareness; "a sense of security"; "a sense of happiness"; "a sense of danger"; "a sense of self".

1.2 List of responsibilities every student should fulfill

Students are expected to fulfill some key responsibilities before they leave school and start a new life They are:

- Responsibilities to themselves

- Responsibilities to their families

- Responsibilities to their school

- Responsibilities to their community and society

2 Post- reading activities

2.1 Definition of post-reading activities

Post-reading activities are simply activities done after while-reading activities are completed At this stage the students are in a temporary change of state or condition, that is, they now know something they did not know before The task of the post-reading stage is to integrate or synthesize the read material into one's knowledge base of the topic Students need to make the material their own This can be achieved through a variety of means employing writing, class discussion, visual representations, and physical demonstration.

When the while-reading stage is completed, the students are expected to have obtained new information from the text This should bring about a change

of some kind such as they would know more, or think or feel differently from before According to Nuttall (1996: 164) when intensive work in a

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during-/while-reading stage is completed, general comprehension must be intended to At this stage, the students should be able to evaluate the text as a whole to respond to it from a more or less personal point of view They may be asked to agree or disagree with the author or the characters in the text; relate the content to their own experience; connect the content with other work in the same field; discuss characters, incidents, ideas, feelings; or predict what can happen afterwards.

2.2 Benefits of using post-reading activities to improve the students' sense of responsibility

- Teachers can educate students' character through teaching language skills

- Students recycle what they have obtained from the text

- Students go beyond the text and enter the real world, equipped with the

newly-obtained information.

- Updating the problems that are closed to the students' real life and working together to find out the solutions as their responsibility.

- Students can well prepare for an independent life in the future.

- Students learn to be responsible for their actions, choices and decisions to themselves, their families and society.

- From post-reading activities, the students are developping themselves to achieve automaticity, meaningful learning, autonomy, willingness to communicate, interlanguage, and communicative competence.

2.3 Some principles for choosing post-reading activities to raise

students' responsibility

- The activities must connect the topics of the reading texts with the

responsibilities that students should fulfill.

- The activities should keep all of the students involved and interested.

- The activities should help the students develop their communicative skills.

- The activities should make students think of what they have to do in the real life.

- Teaching the sense of responsibility may make students boring so the activities should be challenging and interesting enough to attract their attention and stimulate them to take part in.

- To be suitable with the time limit of post-reading stage, the length of each activity is about 10 minutes

II SITUATION ANALYSIS

1 Situation of students' sense of responsibilities at my school.

My school is located in the mountainous area of the district Therefore, there are many difficulties in the teaching and learning Most of the students at my school live far from the district center and come from low -income families In spite

of the difficulties, the students are given a chance to go to school In recent

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years, due to the objective reasons, the number of students applying for my school has been decreasing, which makes the enrolment seem to be too easy for the students It may be a cause of the fact that the students hardly make any attempts to learn, they are becoming lazier and lazier.

As a matter of fact, the students are very irresponsible to themselves Their sense of learning is too low, which causes their low learning results In the class, they often talk or do private things, do not pay attention to the teachers' lectures Many of them do not do homework and prepare for new lessons before class The situation of unpunctuality, skipping class and cheating in tests or exams is quite frequent Especially for the grade 12 students, although they are going to take the GCSE exam, they seem not to worry about their studying They probably think that their teachers will not let them get bad marks and they will

be able to cheat in the exams They seem to be waiting for their luck, so they hardly make effort to study.

In spite of their low living conditions, the parents try to buy electric bikes for their children to go to school instead of going by bike Furthermore, the students also own expensive and modern mobile devices, which makes them neglect studying Some of them use smart phones sneakily in the classes Many parents complain that their children are attracted to the smart phones all day; they neither do housework nor study at home They spend their time on mobile devices instead of others activities such as reading or playing sports which help improve their health, knowledge and life skills They care more about the status and problems in social network than about what they are facing, their parents

or other family members As a result, they are impacted negatively from some information in social network It can be said that they lack responsibility to both themselves and their families.

In addition, they also lack the conformity with the law In spite of the obligation, most of them go to school by electric bike without wearing helmets.

It is not until they arrive at the school gate that they wear helmets in order to avoid the teachers' punishment Some of the students even ride motorbike to school although their age is not old enough They throw waste in public, even damage the common property Besides, many of them refuse to take part in social activities They seem to indifferent and emotionless In short, the young tend to be more and more irresponsible to not only themselves, their families but society as well It is one of the causes that make the students live without objectives or even commit a crime There seems to be no way to solve this problem except improving the students' sense of responsibility.

2 Situation of teaching the students sense of responsibility at my school.

It is said that family is the foundation of character education It means that children's character is mainly formed by family education Besides, school also plays an important role in educating students' character Normally, it is

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considered that character education is the responsibility of form teachers and the teachers who teach Civic Education Therefore, at my school, it is likely only form teachers and Civic Education teachers take responsibility for teaching students responsibility The Young Onion sometimes organizes outdoor activities which help raise the students' responsibility Other teachers mainly teach knowledge in textbook and some necessary skills that their subjects require the sense of responsibility is hardly focused.

3 Situation of learning English and teaching post-reading in English lessons at my school.

As mentioned above, the students’ living conditions have a big effect on theway students study Many of them learn English with the only aim to pass thenational GCSE exam, so they mostly focus on studying pronunciation, vocabularyand grammar They even feel it hard to remember all the required knowledge fordifferent exams

This way of thinking among students leads the teachers of English at myschool to nearly the same way of teaching the language We always try to fulfillthe knowledge in textbooks to our students Especially, the teachers who teach the

12th grade students often try to provide as many practice exercises related to theGCSE exam as possible With the help of modern technology, many lecturesdesigned by PowerPoint have been given to students The teachers also useinteresting activities such as games, quiz, role-play…to stimulate students Theyhave been trying to apply new teaching methods to help students improve theirlanguage skills consist of reading, listening, speaking and writing The quality ofthe lectures has been considerably raised and it plays an important role in theresults of the students in the exams

In reading lessons, the teachers at my school often adapt the activities given intextbooks to make it easy for our students, make the lessons more interesting andattract their attention to the lessons as well However, because of our students' poorability and long or difficult reading texts, the teachers and students usually spendalmost the time on while-reading activities Sometime, we hardly have time forpost-reading stage or else we use the post-reading activities similar to those inwhile-reading stage to make sure that the students understand the reading textmore The post-reading activities that are used popularly are related tosummarizing the reading text such as filling the missing words in the summary ofthe text, using the cues to summarize the text… or translating the text intoVietnamese This helps the students comprehend the reading texts totally.However, these methods of teaching and learning can hardly help improvestudents' character in general and sense of responsibility in particular

4 The English Language syllabus

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The textbook Tieng Anh 12 as well as Tieng Anh 10 and Tieng Anh 11 is

traditional textbook structured with a priority towards theme-based or topic-basedlearning models The textbook has desirable aim of providing students with afoundational knowledge of numerous fields, a favorable attitude towards theEnglish Language, and the four skills generally recognized as building proficiency

in language study: Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing In order to achievethese objectives, the content of the book is designed to utilize themes with whichall students will be familiar Included are topics related to the student’s social lives,

to sports, to work, and to leisure activities universal experiences For each topic,related vocabulary and word studies are presented communicatively The textbookcontains sixteen units, with each unit presenting five lessons with four differentskills and a language focus Reading is the first unit in each lesson, guidingstudents to key words and phrases of the related topicwhich then become “buildingblocks” that enable them to learn additional skills

The book Tieng Anh 12 contains many topics which are close to the students They are about life, studying, job, family, nature and society such as home life, future jobs, life in the future…but there is no separate part for teaching students the

sense of responsibility to themselves, their family and society Therefore, althoughteaching sense of responsibility is necessary, it is not compulsory

III SURVEY

1 Survey and the results

At the beginning of the school year 2018-2019, I have carried out the survey containing 5 multiple choice questions for 118 students from three classes 12A1, 12B2, 12B4 of my school The survey was done twice One was at the first semester of the twelfth form (before teaching post reading with activities improving students' sense of responsibilities) and the other was at the end of the second semester (after using these activities) The table below shows the result of the survey for first time.

2 How often do you think about your A Rarely 27%

responsibilities in your daily activities?

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3 Do you find it necessary to be taught A Unnecessary 9%

sense of responsibility in the class?

C Very necessary 40%

4 Do you learn much about sense of A Little 30%

responsibility through your English

lessons?

responsibility to yourselves, your

family, school and society?

2 Findings from the survey.

The survey shows that before using the adapted activities, most of students

do not care much about responsibility Even though they know responsibility is important, they often act without thinking about it Most of them consider that they should be taught responsibility in the class However, every English lesson they learn often mainly focuses on knowledge and language skills As a result, they are little aware of their responsibility to themselves, their family, school and community.

IV FINDING SOLUTIONS

From the analysis above, it can be said that our students' irresponsibility is very worrying However, teaching in general and teaching English in particular

at my school is mainly focused on knowledge and language skills It is high time for us to educate our students' character as well as sense of responsibility through English lessons.

Post-reading stage is the best choice for the solution because it is a good chance for the students to connect English lessons with their real life Furthermore, based on the topics of the reading texts we can create many different activities to teach different responsibilities In addition, we also can apply many different activities for each reading lesson depending on what responsibility we want to teach our students In short, post-reading stage is potential to apply the activities which help improve our students' sense of responsibility.

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The topics of the reading texts in Tieng Anh 12 textbook are very familiar to the students' life, so I have used post-reading stage to carry out the following activities These are some suggested activities which I have applied to improve

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my students' sense of responsibility to themselves, their families and society quite effectively.

1 Activities to improve students' sense of responsibility to themselves 1.1 Sample application 1 - Unit 4: School education system

Aim: Help students realise the importance of self-study and cultivate their

self-study ability.

Suggested activity: Making a plan: Make a self-study plan to prepare for

your GCSE effectively.

Time limit: 10 minutes.

Preparation:

- Teacher: Prepare a sample self-study plan.

- Students: Prepare posters and pens for group work; find out self-study

methods.

Procedure:

- Divide the class into groups of 6-8 students.

- Ask them to discuss how to make a plan.

- Give students some suggestions: To make the plan, you should determine:

WHO

WHERE

 What to study? (What subjects, lessons…)

 When to study? (Time available, schedule…)

 Where to study? (Studying environment, courses…)

- Show students the sample plan as a model.

Sample plan:

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SELF-STUDY PLAN

 Goals : - Pass the GCSE exam with 30 points

- Pass the entrance exam with 25 points (Math: 8, Literature: 8, English 9)

 Core subjects : Math, Literature, English

 Optional subjects : History, Geography, Civic Education

 Time : in the afternoon, at night, at weekend

 Studying environment : at home, online

 People to ask for help : teachers, classmates

 Studying methods :

- Pay attention to the lectures.

- Determine the weaknesses.

- Highlight the important pieces of information.

- Set a schedule to study at home.

- Share learn experience with friends, classmates.

- Ask the teachers about what we have not understood yet.

- Study the references.

- Download necessary documents and sample tests.

- Attend some online courses.

- Learn from different media.

- Practice doing tests.

- Keep away modern devices when want to concentrate on studying.

- Each group makes a brief self-study plan.

- After 5 minutes, call some representatives to present their plans.

- Ask other groups to give comments.

- Teacher gives feedback

- Ask the students to make their own self-study plan at home as their home work The following pictures illustrate the students' activities and their production:

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1.2 Sample application 2 - Unit 5: Higher education

Aim: Raise students' awareness of equipping themselves with essential life

skills.

Suggested activity: An interview: Interview your classmates about their

preparation for the life after school.

Time limit: 10 minutes

Preparation:

- Teacher: Prepare 5 questions for interviewing, an interview record sheet,

handouts, and a poster of the example.

- Students: Think about the goal they set for the life after school, what may be

challenges and some necessary life skills they should equip.

Questions for interviewing:

Question 1: Are you going to continue studying with higher education or finding

a job after leaving school?

Question 2: What university/ job would you like to apply for?

Question 3: What are you preparing for your life after school?

Question 4: What do you think may be challenges you will face in your new life

after school?

Question 5: How can you overcome these challenges?

The interview record sheet

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- Deliver the handouts to the students.

- Ask them to fill in their information about themselves first.

- Ask each student to find a partner, use the questions to interview and fills in the interview record sheet.

- Teacher shows the example:

University/Job Banking Academy a worker

Preparation - study hard to pass the - study to pass the GCSE

GCSE and the entrance

- study vocational education exam.

- improve knowledge

- equip some necessary life

- equip some necessary

skills such as: decision

life skills: decision

making, communicating,… making, communicating,

- get an on-campus job managing skills.

-be independent and -be independent and

sociable sociable

- get on well with people

- willing to learn.

- take part in social activities - take part in social

activities

- After 5 minutes, call some students to report their interview's results.

- Teacher gives feedback.

The following pictures illustrate the students' activities and their production:

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1.3 Sample application 3 - Unit 6: Future jobs

Aim: Raise students' awareness of equipping themselves with job skills.

Suggested activity: Discussion: Discuss the necessary job skills and how to

acquire the skills.

Preparation:

- Teacher: Prepare a poster of suggested answers

- Students: Prepare posters and pens for group work; find out necessary job skills and how they can acquire the skills.

Procedure:

- Divide the class into groups of six

- Ask them to discuss the job skills they need equip.

- After 5 minutes, call the representatives of the groups to report their groups' production.

- Teacher gives feedback and shows the suggested answers.

Suggested answers:

Some necessary job skills:

- Hard skills: which are teachable abilities or skill sets that are easily measurable They are the technical abilities that fit the job Normally, we can acquire hard skills in the classroom, in an online course, through books and other materials, or on the job.( Depend on types of job)

- Soft skills: which are abilities not unique to any job The soft skills students should equip are: communication; teamwork; problem solving; initiative and enterprise; planning and organising; self-management; learning; technology…

How to acquire the skills: willing to learn study hard, take part in social

activities, be active and creative, and study the required skills of your future jobs…

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1.4 Sample application 4 - Unit 11: Books

Aim: Encourage students' reading habit.

Suggested activity: Discussion: Discuss the benefits of reading and how to

cultivate your reading habit.

Preparation:

- Teacher: Prepare a poster of suggested answers

- Students: Prepare posters and pen for group work; find out benefits of

reading books and how to cultivate a reading habit.

Procedure:

- Divide the class into groups of six-eight

- Ask them to discuss the benefits of reading and how to cultivate a reading habit

- After 5 minutes, call the representatives of the groups to report their groups' production.

- Ask other groups to give comments

- Teacher gives feedback and shows the suggested answers.

-Cognitive mental stimulation and brain exercising

Vocabulary and knowledge expansion

Lower levels of stress and tension relief

Stronger analytical thinking skills

Memory improvement

Better writing skills

Enhances imagination and empathy

Broaden mind

Improved focus and concentration

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-Set reading times and day.

Determine reading goals

Always carry a book.

Make a list of book for each month.

Find a quiet place.

Reduce television/Internet.

Get a reading partner or book club.

Go to used book shops.

1.5 Sample application 5 - Unit 12: Water sports

Aim: Encourage students to learn to swim as an essential life skill.

Suggested activity: Role play: Pretend a swimming trainer and persuade

people to learn to swim.

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- Divide the class into groups of six-eight.

- Ask them to discuss how to persuade people to learn to swim.

- Give students some suggestions (The persuasion should conclude the benefits of swimming and some instructions for swimming)

- After 5 minutes, call the representatives of the groups to perform.

- Ask other groups to give comments

- Teacher gives feedback and shows the suggested answers.

-A necessary life skill

Building endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness

Helping maintain a healthy weight, healthy heart and lungs

Tonning muscles and building strength

Being a relaxing and peaceful form of

exercise Alleviating stress

Improving coordination, balance and posture

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Providing good low-impact therapy for some injuries and

conditions Save people who are going to drown

Some general tips for swimming:

- Staying calm in the water by building water confidence in the bathroom before progressing to the pool.

- Practise breathing techniques

- Get the right swim gear

- Put swim practice time in

- Choose a safe environment.

- Warm up and stretch your muscles and joints before entering the water.

- Have plenty of fluids on hand and drink regularly.

- Don’t overdo it if you’re just starting out.

2 Activities to improve students' sense of responsibility to their families 2.1 Sample application 1-Unit 1: Home life

Aim: Raise students' awareness of a child's responsibility to the family.

Suggested activity: Lesson for living: What lesson can you learn from the

writer's family? How do you apply the lesson into your real life?

Preparation:

- Teacher: Prepare a poster of suggested answers.

- Students: Prepare posters and pens for group work; think about a child's responsibilities to the family.

Procedure:

- Divide the class into groups of six-eight to discuss the lesson they get from the text, and how to apply the lesson into their life.

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- After 5 minutes, call the representatives of the groups to report their groups' answers.

- Ask other groups to give comments

- Teacher gives feedback and shows the suggested answers

Suggested answers:

Lesson from the text: Each member in the family has to join hands to make a

happy family.

What a child should do for a happy family:

- Understand parents' hardship.

- Take care of yourselves.

- Share the household chores

- Give-and-take and help the other family members

- Honor, respect and obey parents and grandparents.

- Listen to the counsel of parents and grandparents.

- Care for parents and grandparents especially when they are sick and in their old age

- Understand and forgive father and mother if there have been failure and breaches

2.2 Sample application 2- Unit 2: Cultural diversity (Version 1)

Aim: Build up students' awareness of making a happy marriage.

Suggested activity: A survey: Express your idea about what to do for

- Teacher: Prepare handouts of the things about men and women should do:

TO HAVE A HAPPY MARRIAGE

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What to do Your idea

- share housework with his wife

Men

- do the heaviest work for his family

- love, respect and take care of parents -in-law

should

- open mind to listen to his wife

- take care of the children

- always willing to share with wife all problems

in life

- be faithful

- take the responsibility for earning money to

support his family

- share with husband all successes and

attainments

- stands by husband in all the crises

Women - take care of the children and their needs,

including education.

should

- be beautiful and attractive

- be sacrifice

- always trust her husband

- raise and educate children

- love, respect and take care of her parents

-in-law

- do all the housework

- be faithful

Procedure:

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