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Trang 1SO SÁNH THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
A LÝ THUYẾT
1 Thì quá khứ đơn
Động từ to be
Khẳng định:
I/he/she/it + was
You/we/they + were
It was in 1998 that she was born
(Đó là vào năm 1998, cô ấy được sinh ra)
Phủ định:
I/he/she/it + wasn't
You/we/they + weren't
They weren’t good men
(Họ là những người đàn ông không tốt)
Nghi vấn :
was + I/he/she/it + O?
Were + you/we/they + O?
Were you the best student in your class?
(Bạn có phải là học sinh giỏi nhất lớp không?)
Động từ thường
Khẳng định:
S + V-ed/irregular verbs
She studied hard to pass the exam
(Cô ấy học chăm chỉ để vượt qua kỳ thi)
Phủ định:
S + didn't + V-inf
Last Sunday I didn't play football I went swimming
(Chủ nhật tuần trước tôi không đi chơi bóng đá Tôi đã đi bơi)
Nghi vấn:
Did + S + V-inf?
Did she do her homework?
(Cô ấy đã làm bài tập về nhà của cô ấy chưa?)
2 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Khẳng định:
I/he/she/it + was +V-ing
You/we/they + were + V-ing
Trang 2She was learning at 8 p.m yesterday
(Cô ấy đã học lúc 8 giờ tối hôm qua)
Phủ định:
I/he/she/it + wasn’t + V-ing
You/we/they + weren't + V-ing
They weren’t studying when I came home
(Họ không học khi tôi về nhà)
Nghi vấn:
Was I/he/she/it + V-ing?
Were you/we/they + V-ing?
What were you doing this morning?
(Bạn đã làm gì sáng nay)
II Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
Mỗi thì có mỗi cách sử dụng khác nhau như sau:
1 Thì quá khứ đơn
Dùng diễn tả các hành động diễn ra ở quá khứ và không còn liên quan đến hiện tại, thường
dùng để kể lại các câu truyện
Các trạng từ thường sử dụng với quá khứ: Yesterday; two days ago, the day before; ago;
already; last (last week, last month, last summer holiday ); in + mốc thời gian trong quá khứ (in 1999, )
Thì quá khứ đơn được dùng cho những hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ ở một thời điểm nhất định
Vì thế nó được dùng:
Cho một hành động quá khứ khi nó chỉ rõ thời điểm:
I met him yesterday
(Tôi đã gặp hắn hôm qua)
Pasteur died in 1895
(Pasteur đã chết năm 1895)
Khi thời điểm được hỏi đến:
When did you meet him?
(Anh đã gặp hắn lúc nào?)
Khi hành động xảy ra một cách rõ ràng ở một thời điểm nhất định ngay cả khi thời điểm này
không được đề cập đến:
The train was ten minutes late
(Xe lửa đã trễ mười phút)
How did you get your present job?
(Anh đã có được việc làm hiện nay bằng cách nào?)
I bought this car in Montreal
Trang 3(Tôi đã mua chiếc xe hơi này ở Montreal)
Thì quá khứ đơn hay được dùng khi trong câu có “for + khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ”
He worked in that bank for your years
(Anh ta đã làm việc ở ngân hàng đó được bốn năm)
She lived in Rome for a long time
(Cô ta đã sống ở Rome một thời gian dài)
Thì quá khứ đơn cũng dùng cho thói quen ở quá khứ used to + V-inf
I used to play football on Sunday
(Tôi thường chơi đá bóng vào chủ nhật)
She never came to visit me in 2002
(Cô ấy không bao giờ đến thăm tôi vào năm 2002)
He always carried an umbrella
(Ông ta luôn luôn mang theo một cái dù)
They never drank wine
(Họ không bao giờ uống rượu)
2 Cách dùng của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
At 10 a.m yesterday, I was at home I was cleaning the house
(10 giờ sáng hôm qua, tôi đã về nhà Tôi đã đang lau nhà
When he came, I was cleaning the house
(Khi anh đến, tôi đang lau nhà)
Sự kết hợp giữa quá khứ đơn + quá khứ tiếp diễn để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành
động khác xen vào Sự kết hợp của hai thì quá khứ đơn thường chỉ những hành động liền
nhau, tuần tự
When I saw him, he was talking on the phone
(Anh ta đang nói chuyện điện thoại, tôi nhìn thấy anh ta)
When he saw me, he put the receiver down
Khi anh ta nhìn thấy tôi, anh ta đặt ống nghe xuống.)
Cấu trúc: While + QKTD, QKTD (quá khứ tiếp diễn) để diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra song song
tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ
While my mother was cooking, my father was watching TV
(Trong khi mẹ tôi đang nấu ăn, bố tôi đang xem TV)
Dùng để chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp (trực tiếp (direct speech) sang gián tiếp
(indirect speech))
He said that “I am leaving tomorrow” → He said that he was leaving the following day
(Anh ấy nói rằng ngày mai tôi sẽ rời đi → Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy sẽ rời đi vào ngày hôm sau)
He said that “I am living in London” → He said he was living in London
(Anh ấy nói rằng tôi đang sống ở Luân Đôn → Anh ấy nói anh ấy đang sống ở Luân Đôn)
Trang 4Quá khứ tiếp diễn cũng được dùng với “always”
He was always ringing me up
(Anh ta luôn luôn gọi điện cho tôi)
He was always working
(Anh ta luôn làm việc)
III Dấu hiệu nhận biết của hai thì
Trong câu thường có các từ như:
1 Thì quá khứ đơn
Last night/ year/month (tối hôm trước/năm trước/tháng trước)
Last night I watched TV with my mother
(Tối qua, tôi xem TV cùng mẹ)
….+ ago
I lived in Da Lat
(Tôi đã sống ở Đà Lạt trước đây)
Yesterday (hôm qua)
I went to the supermarket yesterday
(Tôi đã đi siêu thị hôm qua)
in + Mốc thời gian (in 2018)
I graduated from university in 2017
(Tôi đã tốt nghiệp đại học năm 2017)
2 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
At this time last month: ( thời gian đó tháng trước)
At this time last month I was living in Da Lat
(Thời gian đó tháng trước tôi đang sống ở Đà Lạt)
At this moment last year: ( thời điểm đó năm trước)
At this moment last year I was studying at a university
(Thời điểm đó năm trước tôi đang học ở trường đại học)
While:( trong suốt)
I played sports while my mother was cooking lunch
(Tôi đã chơi thể thao trong khi mẹ tôi đã đang nấu bữa trưa)
At 8 p.m last night: ( vào 8 giờ tối hôm qua)
At 3 pm yesterday, I was going out with Lan
(Vào lúc 3 giờ chiều hôm qua, tôi đang đi ra ngoài với Lan)
B VÍ DỤ
Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii When I (go) (1) …………to the beach for the first time,
something wonderful happened I (swim) (2) …………in the sea while my mother was sleeping
Trang 5in the sun My brother was building a sand castle and my father (drink) (3) ………… some
water Suddenly, I (see) (4) …………a boy on the beach His eyes were blue like the water in
the sea and his hair (be) (5) …………beautiful black He was very tall and thin and his face was brown My heart (beat) (6) …………fast I (ask) (7) …………him for his name with a shy voice
He (tell) (8) …………me that his name was John He (stay) (9) …………with me the whole
afternoon In the evening, we met again We ate pizza in a restaurant The following days we
(have) (10) …………a lot of fun together At the end of my holiday when I left Hawaii I said
goodbye to John We had tears in our eyes He wrote me a letter very soon and I answered
him
ĐÁP ÁN
1 went
2 was swimming
3 was drinking
4 saw
5 was
6 was beating
7 asked
8 told
9 stayed
10 had
C BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
I Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1 I _down the street when it begin to rain (go)
2 At this time last year, I _an English course (attend)
3 Jim under the tree when he heard an explosion (stand)
4 The boy fell and hurt himself while he _ a bicycle (ride)
5 When we met them last year, they in Santiago (live)
6 The tourist lost his camera while he around the city (walk)
7 The lorry _ very fast when it hit our car (go)
8 While I in my room, my roommate _ a party
in the other room (study/ have)
9 Mary and I _ the house when the telephone rang (just leave)
10 We in the café when they saw us (sit)
ĐÁP ÁN
1 - was going 2 - was attending 3 - was standing 4 - was riding 5 - were living
6 - was walking 7 - was going 8 - was studying
- was having
9 - were just leaving 10 - were sitting
II Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
Trang 61 She (sleep) _ in her room when her friend (come) _
2 While I (do) _ my homework, my brother (play) _ video games
3 If I (be) _ you, I would not do that
4 What (be) _ you (do) _ at 9pm yesterday?
5 Larry (not invite) _ Chris to his last birthday
6 Jon and his girlfriend (fly) _ to Bali for their honeymoon
7 When the teacher (speak) _, a phone (ring) _
8 I (want) _ to be a teacher when I (be) _ a kid
9 At midnight 2 days ago, someone (pass) _ by my window
10 They (stop) _ by the petrol station when they (ride) _ to work
ĐÁP ÁN
1 was sleeping,
came
2 was doing, was playing 3 was 4 were/doing 5 did not invited
6 flew 7 was speaking/rang 8
wanted/was
9 was passing
10 stopped/ were riding
III Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn
1 I (call) Mr Wilson at 9 last night, but he (not be) _at
home He (study) _ at the library
2 I _ (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because I
(sleep)
3 It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park The
sun (shine) The birds _(sing)
4 My brother and sister (talk) about something when I (walk) into the room
5 Tom went to his friends ‘house, but the boys _ (not be) there They
(play) _soccer in the vacant lot down the street
6 The little boy _ (fall) asleep while his mother _ (read) him a story
7 I really enjoyed my holiday last January While it _(snow) in Iowa, the sun
(shine) in Florida
8 While Ted _ (shovel) snow from his driveway yesterday, his wife
_ (bring) him a cup of hot chocolate
9 John _ (have) a car accident last week He (drive) down the street when suddenly a lorry (hit) his car from behind
10 Ten years ago, the government _ (decide) to begin a food programme At that time, many people in the rural areas _ (starve) due to several years of
drought
11 They _(wait) for me when I _ at the station
(arrive)
12 She (swim) in the sea when I _ her (see)
Trang 713 _they (play) tennis when it
_ raining (start)?
14 We (drive) home from the theatre when the police
(stop) us
15 The wind (blow) very hard when I (go) out this
morning
ĐÁP ÁN
1 - was calling - wasn't - was studying; 2 - didn't hear - was sleeping;
3 - was shining - were singing; 4 - were talking - walked;
5 - weren't - were playing; 6 - fell - was reading;
7 - was snowing - was was shining; 8 - was shoveling - was bringing;
9 - had - was driving - hit; 10 - decided - were starving; 11 - were waiting - arrived;
12 - was swimming - saw; 13 - Were playing - started;
14 - were driving - stopped; 15 - was blowing - went;
IV Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1 At this time last year, they (build) this house
2 I (drive) my car very fast when you called me
3 I (chat) with my friends while my teacher (teach) the lesson yesterday
4 My father (watch) TV when I got home
5 At this time yesterday, I (prepare) for my son's birthday party
6 What you (do) at 8 pm yesterday?
7 Where you (go) when I saw you last weekend?
8 They (not go) to school when I met them yesterday
9 My mother (not do) the housework when my father came home
10 My sister (read) books while my brother (play) football yesterday afternoon
ĐÁP ÁN
1 were building; 6 were you doing;
2 was driving; 7 were you going;
3 was chatting; 8 weren't going;
4 was watching; 9 wasn't doing;
5 was preparing; 10 was reading;
V Biến đổi các câu sau sang phủ định, câu hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi đó
1 He was planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday
-
-
-
2 They were working when she came yesterday
Trang 8-
-
-
3 She was painting a picture while her mother was making a cake
-
-
-
4 Anne was riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday
-
-
-
5 He was typing a letter when his boss went into the room
-
-
-
ĐÁP ÁN
1 He was planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday
- He wasn't planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday
- Was he planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday?
Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't
2 They were working when she came yesterday
- They weren't working when she came yesterday
- Were they working when she came yesterday?
Yes, they were./ No, they weren't
3 She was painting a picture while her mother was making a cake
- She wasn't painting a picture while her mother was making a cake
- Was she painting a picture while her mother was making a cake?
Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't
4 Anne was riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday
- Anne wasn't riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday
- Was Anne riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday?
Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't
5 He was typing a letter when his boss went into the room
- He wasn't typing a letter when his boss went into the room
- Was he typing a letter when his boss went into the room?
Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't
Trang 9V: Chọn đúng thì của các câu sau:
1 I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi
2 What were you doing/ did you do when I phoned?
3 They didn't visit/ weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday
4 It rained/ was raining heavily last July
5 While people were talking to each other, he read/ was reading his book
6 Chris was eating/ ate pizza every weekend last month
7 While we were running/ run in the park, Mary fell over
8 Did you find/ Were you finding your keys yesterday?
9 Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?
10 They were watching/ watched football on TV all day
ĐÁP ÁN
1 saw
2 were you doing
3 did'nt visit
4 rained
5 was reading
6 ate
7 were running
8 Did you find
9 did she dance
10 were watching
VI Tìm các lỗi sai trong các câu sau:
1 I was play football when she called me
2 Was you study Math at 5 p.m yesterday?
3 What was she do while her mother was making lunch?
4 Where did you went last Sunday?
5 They weren't sleep during the meeting last Monday
6 He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning
7 She didn't broke the flower vase Tom did
8 Last week my friend and I go to the beach on the bus
9 While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell
10 Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened
ĐÁP ÁN
1 - play thành playing; 2 - study thành studying;
3 - do thành doing; 4 - went thành go;
Trang 105 - sleep thành sleeping; 6 - have thành had
7 - broke thành break; 8 - go thành went;
9 - am thành was; 10 - turn thành turned;
VII Hoàn thành các câu sau với từ cho sẵn:
1 Where/ you/ go? When/ you/ go?
=>
2 Who/ you/ go with?
=>
3 How/ you/ get/ there?
=>
4 What/ you/ do/ during the day?
=>
5 you/ have/ a/ good/ time?
=>
6 you/ have/ any/ problems?
=>
7 How long/ you/ be/ there?
=>
8 What/ your parents/ do/ while/ you/ go/ on holiday?
=>
ĐÁP ÁN
1 Where did you go? When did you go?
2 Who did you go with?
3 How did you get there?
4 What were you doing during the day?
5 Did you have a good time?
6 Did you have any problems?
7 How long were you there?
8 What were your parents doing while you were going on holiday?
VIII
1 What was she doing when _?
2 I _ when my father came in
3 My sister was running while _
4 I went in the class, _
5 During the date, while he was talking a lot, _
ĐÁP ÁN
