Lý do chọn đề tàiBồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi là một trong những nhiệm vụ trọng tâm của các nhà trường đặc biệt là các trường chất lượng cao.. Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS câu bị động là
Trang 1Vinh yen education and training department
VINH YEN junior high school.
The seminar on:
PASSIVE VOICE
Written by: Vũ Thị Thúy Hải
School year: 2011 – 2012
Trang 2table of contents
A Introduction
3
I The reasons for writing the seminar
3
II Aims of researching
3 III Object of researching
3
IV Scope of researching
V Methods of researching 3
IV How to change from active to passive 10
VII Result of researching
C Conclusion
A INTRODUCTION
Trang 3I Reason for writing the seminar.( Lý do chọn đề tài)
Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi là một trong những nhiệm vụ trọng tâm của các nhà trường đặc biệt là các trường chất lượng cao Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS câu bị động là một phần kiến thức hết sức quan trọng đối với khối 8 và khối 9, đăc biệt đây cũng là loại bài tập được sử dụng nhiều trong các kì thi khảo sát và thi học sinh giỏi các cấp Muốn làm tốt được các bài tập về câu bị động thì học sinh cần phải nắm được các vấn
đề liên quan đến câu chủ động , câu bị động trong tiếng Anh, chuyển từ hình thức làm
các bài tập tự luận sang bài tập trắc nghiệm và ngược lại Vì vậy tôi chọn đề tài “ Câu
bị động và các dạng bài tập ” làm vấn đề nghiên cứu trong chuyên đề của mình.
II Aims of researching.( Mục đích nghiên cứu)
Khi viết chuyên đề này, tôi chỉ mong được góp thêm một vài ý kiến của mình về các vấn đề liên quan đến câu chủ động và câu bị động trong tiếng Anh giúp giáo viên có thể tham khảo thêm trong việc bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi cũng như trang bị thêm cho các em một phần kiến thức quan trọng trong chương trình tiếng Anh ở cấp THCS
III Object of researching.( Đối tượng nghiên cứu)
Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS, câu bị động được đưa vào giảng dạy ở khối
8 và 9 Trong chuyên đề của mình, tôi chỉ tập trung vào một số vấn đề lý thuyết của câu
bị động như cấu trúc, cách sử dụng,cách chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động, một số dạng đặc biệt trong câu bị động… và một số bài tập viết, bài tập trắc nghiệm tương ứng để củng cố cho phần kiến thức ở trên, nhằm giúp học sinh hiểu và nắm được những kiến thức cơ bản và nâng cao của câu bị động trong tiếng Anh để các em có thể làm tốt các dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm về câu bị động trong tiếng Anh
IV Scope of researching.( Phạm vi nghiên cứu)
N¨m häc 2011-2012
V Researching methods.(Cơ sở nghiên cứu)
Tôi nghiên cứu đề tài này dựa trên những cơ sở sau:
- Trên cơ sở thực tế giảng dạy
- Một số tài liệu tham khảo về câu bị động
- Một số ý kiến đóng góp của đồng nghiệp
B CONTENT
I. Definition:
Trang 4Each sentence may be performed in both active or passive We often use active when the subject is the person or thing doing the action When the subject is the receiver of the action ( not doing the action) we use passive The use of active or passive depends
on the situation or circumstance Therefore students must be mastered some problems
A The passive is used to describe actions:
1 when we don't know who does, or did the action:
Eg: My briefcase was stolen last night (I don't know who stole it).
2 when it is not important to know who does, or did the action:
Eg: The cars are taken to Europe every week (It doesn't matter who takes them).
These televisions are made in Japan (It doesn't matter who makes them).
B The passive and the agent
In a passive sentence, we sometimes mention the agent (the person or thing doing the action)
We use by with the agent.
The cheque must be signed by the manager.
The medals were presented by Nelson Mandela.
But we mention the agent only if it is important for the meaning of the sentence
Sometimes we do not mention it
1. We do not mention the agent if it does not add any new information
All our money and passports were stolen.
A man was arrested last night.
We do not need to say that the money was stolen 'by a thief or that the man was
arrested 'by the police'.
2. We do not mention the agent if it is not important
The streets are cleaned every day.
Oil has been discovered at the North Pole.
Who discovered the oil is less important than the fact that it is there
3. It is sometimes difficult to say who the agent is
This kind of jacket is considered very fashionable these days.
A number of attempts have been made to find the Loch Ness monster.
C Empty subjects (they, people, etc)
In the active sentence we can use the 'empty subject' they We sometimes use a
sentence with an empty subject instead of the passive, especially in conversation.
We can also use the empty subjects people, you, one and someone.
Trang 5People use this footpath all the time.
You/One should check the details.
Someone took my purse.
This footpath is used all the time.
The details should be checked.
My purse was taken.
We use the passive in both speech and writing, but it is more common in writing
We see it especially in textbooks and reports We use it to describe activities in
industry, science and technology, and also for official rules.
Bananas are exported to Europe.
The liquid is heated to boiling point.
Payment can be made at any post office.
Cars left here will be towed away.
In these situations, it is often not important to say who is doing the action, or it is difficult to say The passive is also often used in news reports
A number of political prisoners have been released.
Talks will be held in London next week.
III THE FORM
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
1 The present simple tense:
S + am / is/ are + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: They raise cows in Ba Vi.
Passive: Cows are raised in Ba Vi.
2 The past simple tense:
S + was / were + Past Participle
Eg:
Active : They built this house in 2000.
Passive : This house was built in 2000.
3 The present perfect tense:
S + have/ has been + Past Participle
Trang 6Active: They have just finished the project.
Passive: The project has just been finished.
4 The future simple tense:
S + will be + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: They will build a new school for poor children next month.
Passive: A new school for poor children will be built next month.
5 The present progressive tense:
S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: Ann is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Ann
6 The past progressive tense:
S + was / were + being + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: She was cleaning the room at 7 a.m yesterday.
Passive: The room was being cleaned at 7 a.m yesterday.
7 Modal verbs:
( can, may ,must, ought to, should, would, could, might, have to, be going to, used to )
S + Modal Verb + be + Past Participle.
Eg1:
Active : You can see him now.
Passive : He can be seen (by you) now.
Eg2:
Active : He should do his homework.
Passive : His homework should be done.
8 WH- question :
Eg: Active: How many languages do they speak in Canada?
Passive: How many languages are spoken in Canada?
Eg: Who wrote this novel ?
Trang 7 Who was this novel written by? Hoặc: By whom was this novel written?
IV How to change from active to passive.
There are four rules that students should remember when they want to change from active to passive:
1 Take the object of the active to the subject of the passive
2 The verb “ be” according to the new subject must be the same tense with the main verb in active
3 The main verb in passive is in past participle
4 Take the subject of the active to the object of the passive preceded “By”
( When you want to emphasize the agent of the action)
Eg:
They will finish this work tomorrow
Active
Passive This work will be finished (by them) tomorrow
If subject and object are Nouns , they will stay the same If subject and object are personal pronouns, they will change as follow:
- Adverbs of manner are often placed before the main verbs in passive Eg: He wrote
the book wonderfully
The book was wonderfully written.
- By +agent comes after adverbs of place and before adverbs of time
Eg1:A taxi driver took him home.
He was taken home by a taxi driver.
Eg2: We will receive the gifts on Monday
The gifts will be received by us on Monday.
Only transitive verbs can be change into passive.( transitive verb needs to have an
object)
Eg: 1 She is making a cake. A cake is being made by her
Trang 8Transitive verb
2 They run along the beach every morning Intransitive verb
- present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous and future perfect continuous tense rarely used in passive
- Some verbs such as HAPPEN, SLEEP, COME, SEEM, FALL, DIE, BECOME, GET can’t be used in passive
Eg: The tree was fallen by the wind ( incorrect)
We can write: The tree was blown over by the wind( correct)
Eg: The deer was died by the hunter( incorrect)
The deer was killed by the hunter( correct)
If the sentence has two objects, there will have two ways of changing However indirect object is used more often than direct object
Eg: We gave him a nice present on his birthday.
Oi Od -First way: He was given a nice present on his birthday
- Second way : need a preposition
A nice present was given to him on his birthday.
- Two prepositions are often used: “ to , for”
Some verbs follow by ‘to’: give, bring, send, show, write, post, pass…
Some verbs follow by ‘for’ : buy, make, cook, keep, find, get, save, order ………
Eg1 : She didn’t show me this special camera.
This camera wasn’t shown to me Eg 2: She is making him a cup of tea.
A cup of tea is being made for him.
V SPECIAL PASSIVE CASES:
There are some special passive cases that are not in the same way
1 Causative form :
S + have / has + O (person) + V-(infi) +
Active
O (thing)
S + get + O (person ) + V( infi) + O (thing)
Passive S have /has /get + O (thing) + P2
(by + O (thing).
8
Trang 9Eg : A: I had him repair my bike yesterday.
P: I had my bike repaired yesterday
A: I get her to make some coffee
P: I get some coffee made
I
2 Verbs of perception: see, watch, hear, notice
A : S + V (senses) + O + V(infi) / V –ing
P : S (o) + be + P2 + V (infi) /V –ing
Ex : I saw her come in
She was seen to come in.
I heard him giving order
He was heard giving order.
3 Verbs of opinions : say , think, know , believe , report,
expect, consider, .
A : S + V (opinion) + that + S + V
P : - It + be + P2 + that + S + V
- S + be + P2 + V (infi) / to have + P2.
Eg1: People say (that ) he is a good doctor →It
is said (that) he is a good doctcr →He is
said to be a good doctor.
- People believe (that) she does that work carefully.
→ It is believed (that) she does that work carefully.
→ She is believed to do that work carefully.
Eg: They think( that )Tom is the brightest student in class.
Trang 10→ It’ s thought (that) Tom is the brightest student in class.
→ Tom is thought to be the brightest student in class.
Eg2: They said (that) Mary was very clever.
→ It was said (that) Mary was very clever.
→ Mary was said to have been very clever People know(that) he was
waiting for his friend.
→ It is known (that) he was waiting for his friend.
→ He is known to have been waiting for his friend Eg3: People believe (that) he will win.
→ It is believed (that) he will win.
→ He is believed to win.
Eg4: -She reported (that) the flowers were killed by frost.
→ It was reported (that) the flowers were killed by frost.
→ The flowers were reported to have been killed by frost.
4 Imperative sentence
Eg: Take off your hat! Let your hat be taken off!
Eg: Don’t pick flowers -> Don’t let flowers be picked
Besides, there is another way to change imperative sentence
S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle Hoặc S + should be + past participle
Eg: Active: Look after the children please!
Passive: The children should be looked after!
or : The children are to be looked after!
5 Gerund combination : advise, insist, propose, suggest, recommend
Trang 11A : S + V + V-ing
+O P : S + V + that + S(o) + should + be + P2
Eg : He recommended using bullet- proof glass.
He recommended bullet –proof glass should be used
But :
A : S + advise / beg / order / recommend / urge + Oi + V(infi) + Od.
Eg : He urged the council to redue the rate.
The council was urged to redue the rate
He urged that the rate should be reduced
6.
A : S+ would like + V (infi) + P : S + would like + Oi + to
Eg : I would like to give Lan a nice prsent.
I would like Lan to be given a nice present
7.
A : S + like + O + V (infi) P : S + like + to be +
Eg : I don’t like people to ask me stupid questions.
I don’t like to be asked stupid questions
8.
A : S + need + V(infi) P : S + need + to be P2 /
V-ing.
Eg : I need to clean the house because it is very dirty.
The house needs to be cleaned because it is very dirty
9.
A : S + hate/ remember / object to + O + V-ing.
Trang 12P : S + hate / remember / object to + being + P2.
Eg : She hates people staring at her.
She hates being stared at
10.
A : It is one’s duty + V ( infi) P : S + be + supposed +
Eg : It is your duty to do this work.
You are supposed to do this work
11.
A : S + let + O + V(infi) P : S + be + allowed /
Eg : He let me go
I was allowed / permitted to go
VI: Kinds of exercises
Exercise 1:Change the following sentences into passive:
1.My father waters this flower every morning
->………
2 John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night
->………
3 No one can move the heavy rock in his garden
->………
4 Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen
->………
5.We should clean our teeth twice a day
->………
6 Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
->………
7.Some people will interview the new president on TV
->………
8.We can’t finish our work on time
->………
9.Her husband never takes her to the cinema
->………
10 He was doing his homework at 9 p.m yesterday
->………
Exercise2:Choose the best answer a,b,c or d to complete the following sentences:
Trang 131 My wedding ring ………… of gold.
a is made b is making c made d maked
2 If your brother ………., he would come
a invited b were invited c were inviting d invite
3 Mr Wilson is ……… as Wilie to his friend
a knowed b knew c known d is known
4 References ………… in the examination room
a not are used b is not used c didn’t used d are not used
5 Laura ………… in Boston
a are born b were born c was born d born
6 My nother is going ……… this house
a sold b to be sold c to sold d to sell
7.There’s somebody hehind us I think we are ………
a being followed b are followed c follow d following
8 Have you ……… by a dog?
a bite b ever been bit c ever been bitten d bit
9.The room is being ………… at the moment
a was cleaned b cleaned c cleaning d clean
10 The road to our village ………… widened next year
a is b will c can d will be
11 His car needs ………
a be fixed b fixing c to be fixing d fixed
12 Her watch needs………
a reparing b to be repaired c repaired d a&b
13 He was said……….this building
a designing b to have designed c to designs d designed
14 Ted………….by a bee while he was sitting in the garden
a got sting b got stung c get stung d gets stung
15 Let the children………… taken to the cinema
a to b be c to be d being
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer a,b,c or d to complete the following sentences:
1 Somebody cleans that room everyday a The room every day is cleaned.
b The room is everyday cleaned
c The room is cleaned every day
d The room is cleaned by somebody everyday
2 They cancelled all flights because of fog a All flights because of fog were
cancelled b All flights were cancelled because of fog
c All flights were cancelled by them because of
fog d All flights were because of fog cancelled
3 They are building a new highway around the city a A new highway is being
built around the city
b A new highway is being built around the city by
them c A new highway around the city is being built
13
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