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PHAN LOẠI LIÊN TỪ TRONG TIENG ANH
1 Phân loại
1.1 Những từ dùng đề thêm thông tin
e And (va)
e Also (cũng)
e Besides (ngoai ra)
e First, second, third (thu nhất, thứ hai, thứ ba )
e In addition (thém vao do)
e Inthe first place, in the second place, in the third place (@ noi th nhất, ở nơi thứ hai,
ở nơi thứ ba)
e Furthermore (xa hon ntva)
e Moreover (thém vao do)
e _ To begin with, next, finally (bắt đầu với, tiếp theo là, cuối cùng là)
1.2 Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ nguyên nhân, hệ quả
e Accordingly (theo nhw)
e And so (va vi thé)
e Asa result (két qua là)
e Consequently (do đó)
e For this reason (vì lý do này nên)
e Hence, so, therefore, thus (vi vay)
e Then (sau do)
1.3 Những dấu hiệu chỉ sự so sánh
e _ By the same token (bằng những bằng chứng tương tự như thé)
e In like manner (theo cách tương tự)
e Inthe same way (theo cach giéng như thế)
e Insimilar fashion (theo cách tương tự thế)
e Likewise, similarly (twong tu thé) 1.4 Những dấu hiệu chỉ sự đối lập
e But, yet (nhung)
e However, nevertheless (tuy nhiên)
e Incontrast, on the contrary (déi lap véi)
e Instead (thay vi)
e On the other hand (mat khác)
e Still (van) 1.5 Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ kết luận hoặc tổng kết
e And so (va vi thé)
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e After all (sau tat ca)
e At last, finally (cuéi cling)
e In brief (noi chung)
e Inclosing (tom lại là)
e Inconclusion (két luan lai thi)
e On the whole (noi chung)
e Toconclude (đề kết luận)
e Tosummarize (tom lại) 1.6 Từ dấu hiệu dé chi vi du
Bạn có thể dùng những cụm từ sau trước khi đưa ra ví dụ, như thế người đọc sẽ dễ dàng biết
được bạn đang chuân bị nói tới cái gì
e As an example (ví dụ như)
e For example (vi du nhu)
e For instance (vi du nhw)
e Specifically (như )
e Thus (vi vay, )
e To illustrate (ví dụ như )
1.7 Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ sự khẳng định
e In fact (thuc té là)
e Indeed (that sự là)
e No (không)
e Yes (co)
e Especially (dac biét la)
1.8 Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ địa điểm
e Above (phía trên)
e Alongside (doc)
e Beneath (ngay phia dudi)
e Beyond (phia ngoai)
e Farther along (xa hon doc theo )
e In back (phía sau)
e In front (phía trước)
e Nearby (gan)
¢ On top of (trén dinh cua)
¢ To the left (vé phia bén trai)
e To the right (vé phia bén phải)
e Under (phia dudi)
e Upon (phia trên)
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1.9 Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ sự nhắc lại
e In other words (ndi cach khac)
e _ In short (nói ngắn gọn lại thì)
e In simpler terms (nói theo một cách đơn giản hơn)
e That is (do la)
e To put it differently (noi khac đi thì)
e To repeat (dé nhac lại)
1.10 Những từ chỉ dấu hiệu thời gian
e Afterward (vé sau)
e At the same time (cting thoi điểm)
e Currently (hién tai)
e Earlier (Som hơn)
e Formerly (truo’c do)
e Immediately (ngay lap tc)
e Inthe future (trong twovng lai)
e Inthe meantime (trong khi chờ đợi)
e Inthe past (trong quá khứ)
e Later (mu6n hơn)
e Meanwhile (trong khi đó)
e Previously (trwdc do)
e Simultaneously (d6éng thoi)
e Subsequently (sau do)
e Then (sau do)
e Until now (cho dén bây giờ)
2 Bai tap
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1 He got wet he forgot his umbrella
2 He stops working heavy raining
3 They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty
A in spite of B although C because D because of
4 Tom wakes his parents up playing the guitar very softly
A because B in spite of C because of D although
5 Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly
A although B because C because of D in spite of
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6 We decided to leave early the party was boring
7 Many people believe him he often tells a lie
8 she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family
A In spite of B Because C Because of D Although
9 her absence from class yesterday, she couldn't understand the lesson
A Although B In spite of C Because of D Because
10 her poorness, she feels happy
A Although B Because C lf D In spite of
11 We all feel sad the bad news
12 John lost his job his laziness
A because of B because C in spite of D though
13 | went to the club last Saturday the heavy rain
A because of B because C in spite of D though
14 He has had this car six months
15 We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend
A because B because of C although D in spite of
16 ——s repeated assurances that the product is safe; many people have stopped buying it
17 She walked home by herself, she knew that it was dangerous
18 his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers
A Because of B But for C In spite of D Without
19 I'll see you after the show and give you £20 for the tickets, or much they cost
20 Mai worked hard, she passed her exam
Dap an: 1B 2D 3D 4B 5B 6C 7C 8D 9C 10D 11B 12A 13C 14D 15A 16B 17B 18C 19D 20A
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1. -—~——s she was very tired, she helped her brother with his homework
2 lfs raining hard, _ we can't go to the beach
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3 Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick
4 Iom has a computer, he doesnf use it
5 The boy can’t reach the shelf _she’s not tall enough
6 The film was boring, we wen†t home
7 The girlbought the shoes they are very expensive
8 He used to smoke a lot now he doesn’t smoke any more
9 She couldn't unlock it she had the wrong key
10. _—_siit rained, the boys played football
11.l†was still painful, _ I went to see a doctor
12 Lan likes oranges her sister doesnt
13 Nam failed the final exam _ he was lazy
14 He s tred_ he stayed up late watching TV
15 Jim can speak English_ French fluently
16 the traffic, | arrived on time
A Though B Although B Even though D In spite of
17 they live near us, we can see them very often
18 | was really tired, | couldn't sleep
19 We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do
20 lfs cheap, _ I dont like ít
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Đáp án: 1C 2C 3B 4D 5A 6A 7D 8C 9D 10B 11A 12A 13C 14D 15C 16D 17B 18B 19A 20D
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1 it was late, | decided to phone Brian
2 The little boy was hungry he ate nothing
3 the car was cheap, it was in good condition
A Although B Because C As D If
4 tomorrow is a public holiday; all the shops will be shut all day
A As B Just as C Although D When
5 Shecamein turned on the radio
6 We didn’t go forawalk it was very cold
7 | tried to persuade her, | didn’t succeed
A Because B So C Although D However
8 Lan woke up late she didn’t have time for breakfast
9 I like fish _— | don’t like catching them myself
10 He had an accident he was careful
11._——_sit was raining, | went swimming
A So B Because C However D Although
12 Ann felt ill, she insisted on going to work
13. — —si| felt tired, | went to bed early
14._ he s got an English name, he is German
15 They decided not to go outforameal _—_— they were too tired
16 We were the better team _—we lost the match
17 Keith decided to give up his job | advised him not to
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18 we were in town, we often met him
19 She didn’t get the job _ she had all the necessary qualifications
20 l could not eat_ lwas very hungry
A even though B in spite of C despite D in spite the fact that Dap an: 1D 2C 3A 4A 5B 6B 7C 8A 9B 10B 11D 12D 13C 14A 15B 16C 17C 18D 19B 20A
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1.Inspite_——_—, the baseball game was not cancelled
A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain
2 he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
3 , he walked to the station
A Despite being tired B Although to be tired
C In spite being tired D Despite tired
4 The children slept well, despite _-
A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy
5 She left him she still loved him
A even if B eventhough — C in spite of D despite
6 her lack of hard work, she was promoted
A In spite B Even though C in spite of D despite of
7 they are brothers, they do not look like
8 I’m learning English | want to get a better job
9 Please do that work | told you yesterday
10 This boy lied to you you don't trust him anymore
11 Dad works hard all day; he always goes to bad late and gets up early
A However B Despite C Although D No matter
12 That boy wasn't busy , he refused to help his mother
13 the rain, the baseball game was not cancelled
A In spite of B Even though C Although D Despite
14 | got a job my bad English
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15 I’m not going to the party | know that | should
16 | came to see her yesterday, she was reading a magazine
17 Tom went to work despite
A that he did not feel very well B of the fact not feeling well
C he did not feel very well D not feeling very well
18 Though , they are good friends
A their sometimes quarrel B to have a quarrel sometimes
C they sometimes have a quarrel D of having a quarrel sometimes
19 Despite , We arrived on time
C there was heavy traffic D of there was heavy traffic
20 it was very cold, she did not put on her coat
Đáp án: 1B 2D 3A 4B 5B 6C 7A 8B 9B 10A 11C 12D 13A 14C 15A 16A 17D 18C 19A 20D
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1 having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the
job
2 the internet is very popular, many older people do not know how to use it
A However B Nevertheless C Even though D Despite
3 he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in the inter-
university athletics meet
A Although B While C Where as D yet
4 They were brave and persistent , they had no chance of winning
5 Bob has been working very hard these days , he can’t afford to buy a new car
6 what she prepared for the job interview, Megan didn’t pass it
7 Josh is one of the best student of the school , he can’t pass the national chemistry
exam
C In spite of the fact that D Despite of the fact that
8 Bruce was not praised he was a hard worker
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9 It looks like they are going to succeed their present difficulties
10 Mery usually goes to parties She likes meeting people and crowded places she is
rather shy
A.In spite of B Even though C.Onthe contrary — D In other words
11 Ann: Have you decided to get the job?
Terry: Yes, I’ve just decided I'll accept that job it is not suitable with my major It
is not an interesting job, the salary is very good
A although / but B despite /and_ C but / though D yet / however
12 he has continued to work on his thesis
A Although all these problems B Even though there are problems
C Despite all these problems D In spite of there are problems
13 some German and British management styles are similar, there are many
differences between them
A In spite B In spite of C although D Despite
14 | could not eat | was very hungry
A even though B in spite C despite D despite of
15 In spite , the baseball game was not cancelled
A the rain B of the rain B it was raining D there was a rain
16 he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
17 , he walked to the station
A Despite being tired B Although to be tired
C In spite being tired D Despite tired
18 The children slept well, despite
A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy
19 She left him she still loved him
A even if B even though C in spite of D despite
20 her lack of hard work, she was promoted
A In spite B Even though C In spite of D Despite of Đáp án: 1C 2C 3A 4A 5D 6B 7C 8C 9A 10B 11A 12B 13C 14A 15B 16D 17A 18B 19B 20C
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1 In spite of , he was determined to finish his work
A was seriously ill B be seriously ill | C his serious illness D he was seriously ill
2 they are brothers, they do not look like
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3 Our new neighbors are quite nice they are sometimes talkative
4 of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain
5 , he could not finish the job
A As hard as he work B Despite he worked hard
C Though he worked hard D Although hard work
7 Despite , we knew that he was guilty
8 Despite the fact that , We enjoyed our trip
A the weather is bad B itis a bad weather
9 Julie failed the exam of working very hard
10 Lan has learnt English since she a small girl
11 Don’t go anywhere until | back
A were discovered/ had used B discovering / had used
13 lam going to speak with the boss when the meeting
14 When we him tomorrow, we will remind him of that
15 When he comes, | her the news
A tell B will tell C would tell D would have told
16 When the police came, they
A are fighting B fought C would be fighting D were fighting
17 Before she came to England, she English
A studied B will study C had studied D was studying
18 | have lost touch with him He left for London
19 My mother is washing the dishes my father is watching television
II ):-INT