Luận án phó tiến sỹ Về các nhóm đối xứng không thời gian mở rộng của lý thuyết trường lượng tửLuận án phó tiến sỹ Về các nhóm đối xứng không thời gian mở rộng của lý thuyết trường lượng tử

Luận án phó tiến sỹ Về các nhóm đối xứng không thời gian mở rộng của lý thuyết trường lượng tử Tài liệu tham khảo Luận án phó tiến sỹ khoa học toán lý " Về các nhóm đối xứng không thời gian mở...

'!' "' a

BC p~ BOC.TRtING~HQCCEUIEN NGHIEPVA D~ NGIm

mtfdNGB6I HOC TONGBOP m-AMI m6 BDad ETh'E

cq trim ~ hoc Ul,am ~ B~.an V&tJi Ji thwet

ihoa T&t 1i - ~ h9O ~6Ds h~ ~~ phS Jib -Chi - KiDh .

.-IDl\IDg ~C11 h~~ dAn s

If~1n 11690Glao - Giao 811I PhO.tUn sl.

DucmgTan P1d -G18.o all It TUn 1

Ng\fO'i nhen xet 11

u~ ,~en xet as

,CO' qUBn nhen xet,

n mc hW t(l1 ~ ¥ h9c ~Ang h9$>T.P JIb -Chi -J4iI1h

Co 121' t1m hiAu lu'n an tCl-i !lhll vien 'lrIICIng d:~ h9c

'gia

a

fIij fJlu

.

thUY6t tI'lZCmgluvng t& tU'C'ngdot t{nh la nhoa Poincare" Doi

thai gian cua ly thuygt tuongdo1 hiP la dang nhEtva d~hll6ng, vi vb cae d~c trtmg e~h~ lll9'llg t~ khong dU?ctbay d~l khi tlnh ti~ bo~c quay h~ t9a dQ ichong then gia.'1

lfuo~P01ncace co 10tham so, cae vi t~ Qua no la ceo tOaD

tu 4 - xung l~g Pp va 4-j;enXO'1110 , " men xung luvng ~;"V '

nhu mQt Mom con h"homconformal la nhom co 15 tham 80, cac

ngb1~m :tEh1 Xf hptolD-had1"Onpbi <tan t{nh S8,U :mc nh~n

ido r§ng nhom d01 ntng Poincare b~ng ~ch d\l8 VEtO

cac ph.p bign dAt doi xttng 'Ych cac tham 85 spinO' dan denMe):; sieu dot x~g 'Sieu dO't Ding ket h9'(>cae truang boae

MUng khe Dang to ldn d~ xay dlJng ly thuy't tb6ng i:1hSt c.ac:

d6i ximg co mpt as t:!Dh chat 1; tbUI SO'phin Q g1~11 1'0 rit

so vGi cae l;tbuygt kbong siiudO't %ling tm:m.gang, ob

J-~t beng 80 ta1 dhuan hoa h~, tat ca cae gian db vong ~

luvng tr1ft tieQ v.v HIe ~Iu cae 1i tbuyft81~u

%Un« dS1

J

~Dibg~ Db1'~ A-~a1-C1.i'-'~,'t v".4'11 Jf;Q-ch* c&.

~S ohq 1;12,,",D&b1,. rO r~g chaing II:i.Dh.Uu.~S1.' . Tlj,.g .

quA1;12110 1 qlq 1uft Quathe glat 12.1,octbb, ~~8 , giG gh 4'~Dh'~ DUt't h1,D r~h ~1't1 cgng trbh 11 thl1ye1: Db' 11& hf 1,~o dd1 =g -v6i tbltC 11~1i c~ vit 1i h~tIlguds ta olio rh8' s1iu 461 x.ing ta 161 thc1a' - 'th, chi

h1fn 11&~Ii dU1 Db(t - cbo mic v~ d'a' J18l1gt4J aliA 11

trft -1:\1.0 do trons ph~ hOt, bOb chI ad t12ams6 tdl y cqA 04C 1; thuy't tbSD8 Dhlt,-s1&u d61 ~g co tb~ ~~~ quy3t

thu1'1: 'boD« Db't 1cfn (gred unU"1c:atj.on)-, V.V 0$0 1f

1inttyet1:12&Dg(supergraY1'ty), .«, sUI1 dayt~ t,*o 121fl14.1 ~4t ~" ~iiu hS~Csuperatring) diu "flu d\P1C ":~Id1ai.

,BAn luin in J)gbteD oaia, DJQ'tsS 'vCn cD ~gquaDh c&c

4:8 d1 8a11DgbUn o .- cae, ~~t qa&'.h c~ tl<; ~~I. -' - ~ 8*t hlnh th1io lup 8f.eu 'th~ gtp V$ 81h 1;ruWg 0u1 8iiu 481 JOing~ r~ng k't hgp -vthCt81 xUb'

trong 30(2) DUngpb~})thalli '0 120 ttt{~ bcrp s1.~u-~*1Ii.2t vin 4pg phllmig phap 0$0 MAtt U3n cA .t1~-~ clc~ Salam do gt.a di tbll d qQ.yllift b161 4A~t~y d~ c cic'toe ~{, 81&u t~6 cang -Dba t:rutmg 1;hAJJhpJIb dft ~ ett~

~ WghUno~ cae "1 11811he gLaa c&o ~ ~~

phb o .~t den cis tnyen do cae 401 12014~t - me lip.tt'O11g 818u c!~1 x.mg rJJDrQ11gsu (2) %81818.11tratmg If 2tAng quit, vG1 gta tbuy't 't1'pS th41 ftOU\l1l 1141 b1ea 81~

461 =s ) r~ng tao gt8 tha 4Il11Ooio It' th~ glia do hlJa tUQ'Ag!paD_t 411 owl 0&0 tN(,q tb$mr pItIia.trong sUa.

4 > -'.-.

.Uu t1'llCmgg1a1 t:Ccb cu8 nm)1Iitac gi8 (;olperin

dl1 a~ "'~cblt Chi nb't cac li thu;ret sleu dol xUng';' r§.t:g

Ii ;; 2 cbUa 481=g trong SU(2) JIbe, hlnb tbde lufn ~;rtcacbn>ermul'tiplet cU: s1eu dO1 .JJ 2 chzqe 110 1; bO1 cac

Jibu steu tm~g tAng~ <iUAtd~ tbu c'c 'hi ihac;"" l1'n '"hi cic beB!tllO'ng quan h.l diem cua cae t1'llC111gthaw pbb ltet qua, tac

doi mg th@h dol :dng rOng h(l1UDot =g superconforllBl.

~~c ~; neu V$ cllling m:LDh minh d\ sau v\ tiell cbu~ hl~pbien' 8llperconforml: Hlu 119.t Lagrangian slell do! Ding, v~dang thC1 le b1~p 1:d ~ conforl!lal tbl 1; tbllyet; le.ld~i Dngsuperconformal DUng 1 v{ 41\1II1Dh b9a, tae gi8 xet d nhbS:t bleD conformal va superconformal cua aO hl.nh TO hu6ngsih deft :.Ding vcn tv tllO!lg ,tee gs3 va 88 h1nh dieD dOng

l~c sielld01 xttng cuB 188S Zumino.

pba va t~ pilat nhc, t~D tf1 nghl~1tt c~ c:l~n lo~i l.nstanton

:;

hUb .~ ta cae fhlDs c1Gs 1IIfIt8to"& aO1;~ bo~ v~

miDg Ph1lCmgtrlm ~t~1Q111_0 ' " trong ~, 11inatanton ,

cua boeQl1 CAP D8h1faa ch~ xac 9'a tIlc1Dg \fIIg <tin IIode _roo

Journal of P1Q-jics", "~eng baa ihoa h9C Dp h9C tADg hClP

~8nh ph611& Chi 14inh" (xem b~ danh JII.\1Ccae c6ng trlrmGOngb8 cua-tae gi;" theo 4A t8.1 1$ an 0, eu8i ban tan tit

ne,b1& c~ trong &) ~~ Sia tr-lnh ~y cae kilnthuc ca b6D

v~ t:b&I d8r ~ Poincare \Fa cae ',1DC1 rfmg clla no I 1110111

con:f'o.rmel %thom81311 d6i Ding vA nh~tn auperoonfor~81

'trong do ~ 11 1.119 trfn c~ pbep b1Sn d~l Loren t6ng qUt

Jabomcon cui P @1I ~e phep bi en d~1 (1.1) 61 ~etl\ 1

va ~~1 1h,6EphilVf1ln8ng cue MOlD Po1Jtcare hfP ki h1fuu.~o' T:i.en ~ bS::t bib tllO'ng dot eua lithuygt lU911« tit

Po~nca" htp, v.cta treng thai bien cfAl thee bl~u c1dn

~ ' . ., Ci>" ., ,

u~ 1;a Uh t,c cue ahOmcJo Pi" la Dboll 10 themeS,

Vi t~ 1i 4 vi ta tb;m tUn va 6 vi t&i quay.

,cae

rQincare, phUO'J1gPh~p pn6n 1091~e bl~u dien bit Cbs cIQ.J

nhq~ SL 2, C) (Dbom pbu v~m nang, " '.A '", cue n}:),QIt;Loren r.Ung L

CO hal khong gietn bieu d1e1l khac May 't~g ~ v(;i ha1

- bi~u d1'In 1Ih.ang.'t IIO'Agduong cue SI,{ 2 C) , do 40 cO hat

10fl spinal 8pinO' oh1ral-'t~1 'i~!-;6 khaaS- ~-d;i;)'~ ".

sp1nO'Ohiral phs1 (oh! 84 cO eft ) Cae eptAO' ha1 thUh

."phlD do <111110" 891 11 cae spina \Yeylvi (flu Ueu cSuve 'fe,l

duzag de a h nO't1"1D6

DW1 pbip nstJJch If~ toe 4~. spinam cbi e6 k!16Dgob« tren ct1\1,ln thanb ~tDa '9'c7t chI ,88 cO ch& da!\ va ,

dfDg lI't phep blln <I~1 tuy3n t{Dh, cb gJp <101 sO chI'"

""."" """",,::

biE;U dlen Va kbao 8at ceo spIna 4 tb8Dh p~ ~p:1J1O'

Ii-PI day la tr1img b9P cae 8p1DO'Dirac 111\1b& sung themcU.'u IclVD tbU'C llajorana 1'c;r C 1f'T.'t' 9 tbl Qua' co 4

thanh phh thyc <lQol0p (spina Jajorua)

'oinc-an ban" cSlu DgWt1;a *l~ Dbo G obaa Dbo Poincare,,;" UJO1;

, "," " m A , " )1 '!Ir

Dbom do1 X!.ZUghong %1&0.cSOe "'IA! nh1en haong nay 69P nh111'U

'boa Dg,1 Sa'1 do :m1t hip cac cI~ Ii DO- 40 :a;c liP

t "r~g cac clot hot v,t Ii t~ng qqa1;Dhlt_hJD dl' 01\1 trac 0:

~ -G chi co th4 Ie t{eb trtIc t11p cua nbO.>f1'otncaft v~\ . IIIlOm

~" CUB Dboll P01noare (thu9c pha biG 0 '9'4 cI!IIJO&91 14 cae

pban ~o 1 :.' dJ.J9'C~1 18 cac vi 1;~ Ie) Dt1' as ma , "It 9 ".' ""

ct;1 aO nay dll9'C ~1 1.8 nbO:mdeu dB! xUrig;

8

slc¥ 401 xung vaG eu ten cua del 80 nay co net d~c Di~t

"1a ca'; boson va cac :fermion n~m trong cims m9t sUu da tUJ.I~;J

va cO cims 11116:1 luvng.

4.- ~ieu khBn~~~ - i~ t.rsmpg: Lrongt;Leu III\lC nay teie gie trlnh 1187hbh tbalC 1 ~81eukhiiDg gian Y8 s1Cutmang dot vc11 slall doi %Ung III1nl11a1 vat 1 vi t{, splnO' (N.1)-StEIl kbang sian ls kbqg1an m& rSiDg cb.m cac t08 d9 khongthO1 g1an thOng thuDon.s va c&e toe d Q spinO' ph8n €1ao been.BUu traang ls cac 'tzuOng ne dpm trang SUIl ][bong gian.Hlnb th&ic 1ujn slau traOng cho phep mOt~ 89n gbe .cae etatuyen slell dol' %Iing 1.egrangian b(t bien, 1i tbQet nh1'u

.Ugp tbeo ng& ngii 8:!.e~ truoemg ~.~ .

18 Dhomcac ~ep ~~ d01 't98 d9 bao g~m:

- cac phep bi&n-a&l cue Mom Foincare,

- Phep Mill dA! co din toa dQ ][bong thCn g1an

,

%~ ~%~ ~> 0

- Phep bl.Sn etAl eon1'orma1 dIe trung

~ or.1{xl (~ - ~ x2), tT(-x} . 1-=.-c2x2 (I 1)lIhom conformal co 15 them 86 cac v1 tu 141'i1,&\'"~\

Sau do tae gi~ trlnh 18y d,1 86 cao vi tal, gisi

6 - ~O auperooafo~ , 1IItOa ~omu 1a

0- ahOa 00a1'01"881 oa- cia- .~ T1 ~ 8p1AO'.

DI too thimll do1 & kla ~S ta pb8t t1tb yao 481 a8 ""

ooafo1'1l812 n tw ap1DG'. ~ fI.c'" mOtvi tll vo haons JJI/

cae hi tl m bop YJ _0 tJtb cf41 84 8UpU'OOllfOr8alII.

t nnh bay acbuung I la 110'*g aptDCt be Dltft cua nhOm 461

h1.jQ 86 1 1a; spina) cO thi 0 r9ag at cao Dho 81eu clSl

~g all; Jl vi tu &pUla (Ii> 1) ]flu 117 »ft tg sp1Da @ 18bilu d11a fXI 8b c~ clSI xUng t1"ODgSU(]I) ta 00 cfel s4 81811

dot XIIIIg110'rOag t hVJ»IIOt each kb&tg tIa thl8mB dol ~khong thCtt g!.8D va 4ft =a hong Sf (]f)

'fruimg h9P 40'!1 paD JIb t oua 818u QU~D1Dg , rOD&

trang.,. sue 2) CdS1~ Isotopic).( ceo hi u.Rc pb8n giao hoD '

-21 ~i~ ~ecp Z, (II.1)

~t b1luG1b bit kbI qQ7 cu8 do-1 at) aie\:! (!ci ~

tllBuperspin Y va Buperieospin~ cae da tqen dui - xmlg .

50"(2) tbazang duvc g91 18 c8c hypermult1plet CII\.ttrUc(3, I)'A J ., '" to

(8

eas JDQt bien dieD bat kha quy Db., Bau : spin, I,1soapin)

(Y,T + 1/2~(Y,'-'/2)E9(Y + 1/~) ~ (Y-1/2,T).

2.- SiBil khon.r u-iAD- Stell tr.Km~r Steu Ichong gian lID

r§ng t~ ling ven sieu dS1X!ing SU{2) co cae 1;98 ~~I

{x}'\, ~i t-e-l} (1-= 1,2) (II.4)

81&\1 ~-raCtng H = 2 (Tilt t&t 18 2-sUu t~) dlZQ'c

%80 dtnhnhU" -.UI. .'

1 exp(1~ ~* e:q>{ -1 (ZZ+ zZ-+' J exp[Hit"S + S~}]J(

.eJCp[i(~Q 1-GvJ~(o)cxr[-i(qG+G.¥J]" (II.5)

expr i(~S S-iJj exp[i( zZ + zZ+)J e-xp(-i.)(J'4~J 1

0

"' '"~"""-

~ ,~-, ":.~ :"' ;

1"'f

Tat ~_Uu irWq 80 4Pah Db" (II.5) t 00 till rUt ra q\:.y luft bi'n d~l -81 day OU~,tell tras d51 Tas cao phep

D~ dm quy 1ujt b13n d~1 cua sUu traOong <sat vGi 080

pbepbi'n d01 oon 101 ous d~l SQ, t8 Tin d~ phaang phap

cae biel1 dbn cara sinh cus »a~k.y Salam, 1; qua thu dIJVc

dÚQ'cquyluit bien d~1 d!y du CUBtr.img thMhphhi dC'1

b1ĩ d~1 isotopict ie co:

[T1 'f.(P'~)[~J(

.

;j ,l ( ] = -1 i1 !L Cp(P"I)[o(~pJL~J\!(X.~ , (m,,)[ẵl[~ BJ x,Z, 2.1z.rn+1tm+l"",")[CII""l[~"l' ~(-I)"' -!!!.- q;(P,q)[Oc«p1C;;.,J(x ) t- LL cõI,CJ-,X:~;Jrft.tli)

+ Z n+1 tM-t,It+')~l[oc~J'z 2 p+1 1(m,")[0(0( 1(}JIIl (-J.,(_j)f P Co("",Cf i)(~l[citj11 ~j)m-I+n+<ff ~.~- f;.

+ T ~ '(\!t,.,)(~)U)J.l (x.:.) + f "*' I ~ )(

'-

T i (-1)"Tp("q1( ~),8}~}lC'f(r",-t}[ ,)[jJ (x, Z)

(""""")[~J,.1 crr.23)

vOi.DhaaJlQ1:each Chtt chi

4.- C'.A""t' 'f:hrpt! Vl1'!la l',AI!h",m i;11'rmlr~ hAt ""Pili "'U$

~r'~v th~J'th ph'» hOD~ ana (fa tuyh :If ~:xet ham

!tal entea ch; a1~u tru.o g

<0 t P( )(/~"Z) ~ C1,'t' 1~) 10:>

tror~ (10 €-;7 '1., "> Is cae toa ~ sp1Da BajOftDa Ya Dt caebi~u di~!1 vcn deh 'trung ti1lab')sng o ~ gl.a ibiltbat b1(acuB vacnuua 108 cO hi t1u;c sa" 461 vb1 ball ba1 411 ou1

sUu 'tmGDal

14

<ol1>(~,~,'l)P(y,t"5)lo) =

.aaag cach can UIUlg b, 80 hvÓCcua oIlY t UBkhu

nhau cas cac t98 G9 spina "'",,', ~ta tbR dl19"=cae h~,th1iC' g;1i1s eic(ham t~ quan ha1 c!1~11cua cae ~ thanh p~.o v- d~

<í.(.l'\f'~(1C'»1- i: ~:<F(x)ĂJC') -+ !(ys)! < cr('J()Ặ."ip

i i (1"IYst <A}I(J()Aex?) -f ("4)~<Ă,,,Ă"'1>: 0.1 (n.26)

15

<Á;.«C) Ắ~x'.» +f ~<F(zt,,)Ẵ,~ -t-i: (~5't<O{~~fỸ$' .

-i (/ffMts-t<A:;~x)Ẵ)) -~ ((~l")x )~Ăx)Ăx~~; (IỊ28)ill(

(IỊ)4)

(IỊ)5)

<p~;: = it;., fi,,1 +4 (\c1p 6(~1 + i(~c~p "; 1» ,

16

Ct:!lmrta' TIT.

A

3nu XHONGGUN HARaDXIC

S1eu tnrCong me dt.nh trcZ1g Bien 1chong gf.:.aJJ (II.4)

}SC lay ~tla cua oae tQ8 c!Q spinO' vO(~ I -e-~ Va co MIln

thanh phb spin cao th i:ta i)~ IDat~ cao hypermultlplrt TV!

hil11 chEl len cae sieu tlVong <!~~o~l cae th~ ph~ th~.Tuy

nhien,vl~e 9~ d~g c4c stell t~g kem theo cae di~u ki~nh~ eM nha v~y sa lam mSt t{nh chat sang sUa hlnh hQC eu:cue hlnh th.zc lu~n stell trl1Ong kho khan trnng vl(C" my d!;Clgcae Lagrangiu tlZO'ngtac :,at bien, n~ien cUu 1; thuy~tnhi~u io~ hi~p big!l v.v

Jo do dol v~ 81eu dol x.mg mD r~!'lg SU(Z) cIA cohkh th.zc lu~ s1eu tnrcllg sac cl:c 1I19"t~t kh6ng kell! thee

~:.~u kl~n h~n chat ~t kbac co Ll1ai trl~n thau ph~n <lu ~

~~ ttlang lng vO1 cae hyper!!W.ltiplet thgp C~c tae g1a

Galper-in Ogtevetxk1 ya cae cQl1g all da za.y dlplg thSnh CCLg hhhthuc luij.n steu trWng d~t dUlle cae yea c~u cl11.lvb nhe, dua

Tao ~a1 D1~m 81eu khong glan ha!"mcmlc v~ Sloell rt:O'Dg gie.i

doh.

1"7

, ' '" , "'I 'I; w ~II u.~'I!a"": 9

1.- "'foIchl e1! ~ ':""~,II'jC\!,"" va 1: "ft ,~:.-ru dl:U4cuavi,f'c.t.lnt';l£ifl:l,siu kb6Dg paD con 1tb1 46i vat ceo phep b1h

de:1 rie:.t' ;:~.Lnng JT '2 -: h'JII (II ) 18 khao Bat neat kb6ng pem

case. (XU.1) chi thiza !1l'>indlS1 xUng trong 0(2) (hey U(1) }

1'~~g.'." vTt81e.u kbang glenharmonic ls: dUng mOt 8ieu.

&Sng g1aJ1' COIl t~ tf (:rn.2) d~ng then dim V80 bien so

'" a

d~c'btft mc1i d~trlnh bsJ' 1i thuy't dLrcY1dQIlgbi~p bi4n

sri(2) Caa bilin so a:1i.phsi lien hi cac bi~\1 di~n U(1)

vM c8eb1~1i dien o~ sr;(2); 40 ls cae tQa d~ harsonic

~g,~t.chl 80: ~ <1: ~!ij6 St;{2), j: : chI s8 U{1)) caet~~ d§ bar.onio'.,. . Sf! "' - laeac it '"YO'huang Loren Va 18 cae ,y~u 'to' ch~n1 J(

.cue u.i,8~ ~-~msn~ ,/,U.JO'cacbienso harulOn:!.c, 00 the cbuyen

tu b1~1t !'",Ii.- SU(2) thaxm bdu di~n U(1):

.,

, tLeh"- , { .

2.- ~ BO'J!'i~1 VB Bien t:rvenw mAt t ~H CO'sa

gi81 t:lCh.l8 cO'.a bao g'Omcae t9a d9:

ribg nO 1& k!n dol Wi cac pb.p M;n .do1 s1e\l d51 Ding Sa",

va ct got 1& slell ihOnggiaDcan gistt{ch

31h ~1UOna :zac dtnh trone; 81 en kh3ng g:t8lt cen gi81

-t{ch d!lllC sgl 18 siill ~mOoag g:tal tich: '

~ J; tlf' + -+'" ~ (i)

~ = ':t (x ,-& 1" , U -) :: :t.(ZA'U)' (III.4)

SUa 1;mdng g:t:l t:Cch (III.4) khan~ P:-;9 thu;c -a-, t';..

va 1101chan.s ~ DUIg "t!ci1 1](1) Is q S1en tro~ g181 t[ch

cO 1d1e! ~ rJ.ln th4nh phh nha sau I

~('f) FCII' ~ '\U(q t) -'1-~-('i-"

]! (~/LI) = (XA ,u) + ~ TO( ("p 1"') ~ t7Ot'1 ("A IA' T

( +-&'1-) N\(4'?,,- ,LI) + (i"'~+)N(1-2}~.Ll1+( e+!T"".&'"f\;:r-~KA,~I) -t(-e-"t.+)-ft+"'.1.(4-1)" '\ + (i+.e:+'-a."!';;"(1-3) -

:;;Ho- \~,IAJ / ~ ("AI") +

(iJ+-e f") ( i't-~+) 3> (4t"'4t'St./ 14) (III.5)

cae truong tts8Dh puan trong khat trien(III.5) pi}\1thl1~ 118)41 cac ~a 4~ khOu& thOotg!sn xA' C~)J1vea cac t9ad~ h8Z"1lOG1cuf . at tballli phln de} 101 co khat tr1~n th~o

'P q L (i 'ft"'"\ J ) + .:1- -

-( ~ ) . f );; U 1.1 ~J' Ll J' (III.6)

%",1&"'::0 (~) '1" ("f"'f.1 n

-to %" va 18 Me 11111.1d1; bit kit QI.1Yl1oan toM .do1

1!

:mng cuaSU(2) wi isosp1n.n + q/2. Bhl! Tir, m§i; 8~~U tmODg

gia:t t!cb.ch~Tah~ 1.soeptn. ~ Dhlen t;mag tbfc t.; chi

~c tv do b6 ~rv ho"c C8Cbjc t\1' do sause

, 3.- Mq ~ ca~ t/.'We~.muJt1-nlet c~ !d~1il d&i ~r"2 ~"'gsi€cu t=~~ gi~i t!ch: H7Pft1IIIlltip1et 7~U8

chUB 1aoftoublet TQ huOng 'fi 1.eosingletsp1,na D1rao

( if'<'>.! S~) tren TOkbOiluvng S1.eu 'tzvGong gLS1 'ttcb 'turJJl&

~ 188ii!u tmo.ng giai tfcb pbac cO tfen Den 18 + 'I :

q+ (ZA ' ui) Hyperuw:tiplat Ho S1;ell-~8D4 cba

iaos1:nglet vobucmgj', iaotrtplet vo buC7ng ;(1.3) va

iaoa:1nglet spiDO' 'leyl -then vo kh51 larzng lith traggi;1tlc'h :tacmg aing J1 sieu nvOng giStt{ch thvoc cO t:lab

;(1) b~ng 0: (.I.J(ZA,t#).-, , S1.en t~ .~ g1al." t{ohIe v *CZA-U %)tU'O'llg mg vCri hypermult:1plet trm:m;g c:huan chiIa :l.8os1.Dg1et

vo huang ph~c C, 1aodou'b1et ap1na jo~ X va 1aos1Aglet

'-~ctC' Tjt'\ T1rC'ng Ung v-71 Ii thu7ft cfldn thOng th.a7ng

V++(z.A.~ u:t) dU'~ ch9D- 14 thl;c

C' ~ ' '" , h -t ), i "i .

4.- ,",eh~ than P"!I~Acec, aJII I~~, ~n R ~ CoB

gi~1' t {cbkhorg ~ rant; btt~ bO1 cae cn'l1 k1~n I1p ch')'do'"" '.' . , II '."

do do1 VO'l cb !.mg ta co the ap d\.U1gphucmg phsp noll 0' my.c 4

giue cae ham tu.O'Ilg quaD hai d1~m caS cae trilOng 'lihSnb phBn.vGi cae bype-rmult1plet 'liren TO kbOi11lQ'!1g., JIbe, phllO'Ilg 'trbm

CllUYEndvng, ts co the endien cae truangbO t2V qua -vt

se ttJong Ian eae txuang 'Vit 1;.

DUag phaoong phapJ1h:r 'Y§-Y, tac gta da thu duvc cae

hi th~c.au g(1ia cae ham t~ qaa.Dhat dll eua cac tm~ tron~ oaeb7P8r~ltiplet vI d¥.'doiTO1 hypermultlplet

1'8,.81; - ,SO!m1U8:

20