Luận án phó tiến sỹ Một số đặc điểm sinh thái học rừng tre lồ ô

Luận án phó tiến sỹ Một số đặc điểm sinh thái học rừng tre lồ ô Tài liệu tham khảo tóm tắt Luận án phó tiến sỹ khoa học " Một số đặc điểm sinh thái học rừng tre...

a6f)~1 HOC vA TRUNC HOC CHUVtNNGHltp

TRt1'iJ'NG B~I HQC TONC RQ'P TP Db CHI MINH

~ c Au QUANG HI~N

~

SINHTHAI HOC RUNG TRE LO 6

(Bambusa procera A Chev et A Cam.)

Chovan ngonh: SINH THAI - Me IE;t 01 05 - 10 TOM TAT LU!N AN PHQ utN 51 KHOA HQC

luOn an dirge holmthanh IQi B9 men Sinh moi, Khoa Sinh h9C

Tnrbng 9Qi hQc TOngHgpThanh ph6 Hd Chf Minh.

NgU'c7ihU'ang do, khoa hQe; G 5 T 5 PnUNG TRUNG NGAN

NgU'bi nh9n xet I:

Ngll'ai nh9n xet 2:

Ca quan nh9n xet:

luQn an s~ dU'gc b60 v, tQi hQidong ch6m luQn " Nha nU'6'e

hQp tQi Twang 9Qi hQc TOng Hgp Thanh ph6 He ChI Minh vao

Co th~ Jim hiAulu9n an IQiTnU'vi'n.

Hi;n toi, ,ung Lb 0 da va dong bi khoi thae m9t e6ch tvyI.," (khoi Ihac Irllng;"cf61 'ling lam r6)', 16y mOng bira bai ,pen di;n '!ch, eh6t I"Clng va khc!JpOng tung c6p li&n tye cl1a,irog bi gic!JmtU~ m9t each nghiem I'Qng.

&~ phye h6i v'n 'ling, pong coo pOng ~y61, eh6t luClng,irng, vi,c lien hanh "hOng nghien ccrucac d{Jc di~m sinh :hai hQc

lam ca 6 khoa hQc cho vi,c knoi Ihac va {, dyng hap Iy lai

"guyen 'ling ll) 0 la van dli "hel SUCc6p thith

~h~n mqt: TONG QUAN VA PH(ftrNG PHAP NGHIEN LUU

ChU'ang I i llCH Slr NGHIEN c(ru RUNG TItE lO 0

MQe du 10 loai T, qUO" IrQng nhlll Nom bQ, nhU'ng thoden nay, cae c6ng I,inh khc!Josat rung lo 0 con quo tt va chimai t9P trung vaG cae khia cQr,h: Phon 10QIIhY'c v9t (lecomt

M H, 1912: PhQrn Hoang HQ, 19721, dleu Ira hi,n trQng loinguyen rung (Vi,n dreu Ira qni hO9Ch rung, 1983), chIt bienb~f gi6y fir lo 0 (Chou CY'Xu, 1964; Nguy~n YOn Hlen, 1973)k9 thu(ltlam sinh (ly ThQ, 1979; lam Xuan Sanh va Chou QuangHi~n; 19d4) va ch"a co tong lrinh nao khoo lal khfo cQnh

NnJn chllng, cae k~t qua hi.n co con fU'ang d6i sa 1U'(jJcVO

to nhi~u di~m chU'a th6n9 nh~t nhou nhU' xac dinh ten khoat;9c, ki~u sinh "U'CIn9cua lo 0, cae (hi tieu k9 Ihu{ll cuo phU'angthCrech{Jt cl,Qn '" dOng thoi con nhieu vaQ d~ co bon co y

-2-nghta quon frQng ct6i vai vi~c sUodvng hgp Iy lai nguyen rllng

lO 0 nhu d{1c di ~m hinh Ihanh, dien fhe, sinh kh6i, nOng suetrllng chua dugc khoo, s6t

Ke thlro cac ket quo da dQf dugc trong c6c nghien CIlUtruae day, mi,leHell cua lu?m qn, nay la du-(j'igoe dQ sinh thaihQC, ti~p tve di§u ha thY'CIe g6p phan khao sat mQt so d{1c

dit\m sinh thai hQe cua fling ,Lo0 mien' Gong Nom BQ la~ co

sa khaQ hQC tho v!~c de xual phlfo;lghuang,khoi th6c va nljOjClU'angrl/ng mC}teach hgp Iy hon ' ,.~ ~ "

Chuang 2: NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAp NGHIEN CI1U

Can ell vaa myc tieu eua lu{m 6n va cae chi dan cuoUNESCO, UNDP, FAO, 1978 ve nghien CIlU h~ sinh thai rllngnhi~t d6i vaa dieu ki~n cv th~ (UO flIng Lo 0, cac n{li dungchinh duge l{tp trung khco sol Irong ju{tn an nay la cae c{1c

diim hin'h th'anh, dieM Il1e, sinh Iruang tau Irue quar1 thi, uactfnh sinh kh6i va nOMa suat cuo qUaM thi to 0 trang dieukitn phat tri~nbinh Ihuang hoy du6i lac dQng cuo con

nguai Trim co So' do de xuat mQtykiin ve bi~n phap k9 thU91

khoi thac va nuoi duO'ng hgp Iy lai nguyen rll~g Lb 0 de Ihiet th"c phvc V;Jsan XUaf. '

II PHUONGPHApNGHIEN ClrU :

I) Phuong phap luQn: 9§ gici quyet mvc tieu va nQi dungnghien ciru neu Iren, phuong phap luQn ng"ien CIlUd{11'co safren, lu{m diEim 4:sinh thai ph6! sinh quan the ~ \Thai vOn Trlrng1970) vQn dvng vaa dieu ki~n cv Ih~ cuo flIng La0 la mc?t quanth~ thll sinh, co eeJutruc (dc}ng: va hang nOm rlrng tei sinh

- Vi~c khoo sol d{lc du!m sinh mOng da dugc chQn nhll1a di6m, ehu y~ u xuyen qua toon be? luQn an d~ khoo sat "dc}ngthai" rlrng Lo 0 vi d{1c diem sinh mOng dong voi Iro quantr9ng trong qua tdnh hlnh thanh, xu hl/ong dlEtntho, kilo nelng

,p.hyc hc!,)i,,s,!b4en d9ng vl! sinh kh6i, C(]U'ru~/nOn; sueSt

(

2) Phuong phap thu th9P va xli Iy s6 h9U:

'Con9 tac'tnu IhQp sO li~u IhY'c Ie da dllqe lien hanh ireUcaekhu Vl/Cphon b6 chinh cuo Lo 0' mien &ong Nom 89; Phu6c

Long (560g Be), Vlnh An (&on9 Nol) IU- 1980 - 198:>va eJieu

tra bO sung tQI Nom Cal Tien (&ong Noi) tu- 1980 - 1987

&6i tl/gog va phQm vi, khao sat 16 cae qUaD Ih6 Lo 0 a

cae trQng thai rung ma Lo 0 chiem I/U the (0 r~t 1rong to thanhrtlng -10 cae khu Vl/Cdang kinh doanh J<Jn phbm chinh 10 Lo0- boo 90m IrQng Iha ru-ng Lo0 10 gia " (nhll cac trQng Ihalr!)ongLa 0 xeD go, Lo 0 thuon 10QI, hinh thanh Itl lau dong

phat tri6n dn dinh, chuo bj con ngllai liep lye tat d9ng) ,va cae

tr~mg thai rllng Lo 0 "phvc h6i '0 sou khi bj khoi thoe trtmo

den I nOm Tuy nh!en, d6 11mhieu ve nguon g6e phat sinh rOn;, ,dQc dl6m taU Irue va tai sinh cuo cae Ir Cong Ihai ru-ng go

nguyen sinh (dl~m Lo0), ru-ng go xen Lo 0 eOng da dll9c

(O,lho) theo phuong phap 0 lieu chubn (XUCOSOVI v N, 1957;

phau di~n (DavIs,T A W va Richards, P W, 1933 - 1934).

- Hinh Ihoi vo sinh Irvo-ng cua Ihan ngam, mOog, thon

:-.4-khi sinh, hOd U> 0 dU',?,ekhao sat va me ta (theo Ueda,-K,

1960; Le Nguy&n, 1971; Tran a(re HQu, 1985) bang each :d'c2ogoe than ngam, rhea dCii $1/ sinh mOng trong suot mu~ mU'o

- Sinh khoi va nOng suet fling dU'gc thu th{lp theo phU'ang

phap ffcay tieu chubn blnh quon If vQndvng cv th~ vao dieu

ki~n rli'1g ld 0 tren 16 e 'tieu chubn 0,1 ho (Kiro, T va CI",

1967; Crow, T R 1971)

- Tinh chat hoo hQc cuo dat, than khi sinh, la, vQt rvng ite 0 dU'ClC lay mcwva phon tich tQiVi~nKyThu(1tNong Ng~i~p mien 90ng Nom Bova TrU'cm99Qi HQc NOng lam thanh phiS

&~ dam b~o mllc d9 tincQY can thief tho cae nhQn xel,ket luc}n, phU'Q'ng phap thong ke sinh hQc da dU'Clesli d¥ng

,!rpng vi~c xay dvng cae phU'O'ngtrinh hei qui giO'o kich thU'C7c

:c:,o<:t:l9 phon, 'Ii\}9 kkh thuoc va trQng 1U',?,ngtheo cae chi don:S:U.oOgowa, H va elv, 1»61, Sobhosri, S va ctv, 1968 Tuy nhien

~9C phU'O'ngphap quon sat, mota van dU'Cle IIi dyne khi can

Phttn hai: KtT QUA vA 'IRAO LU~l"J

ChU'ang 3: e~c alEM HINH THANH VA XU HlJ'ONG DIEN THE

(; mien &ong Nom B91 fling Lo 0 phon b6 tren m9' khu

Vile r9ng Ion, d{1c bi~I tQP trung thanh /I bi~n TreII a huy+n

PhU'ac Long (S'ongBe), VTnh An (&6ngNai) va rei roc han a

Nom Cat Tien lBong Noi),

Khu vl/c phon bo cuo Lo 0 a coo d9 100 - 450m dio

hin'" d9ng doi thap den doi coo, khl h9U nhi~t dai gio muo

"v6i "T~ 25,2°C, h)'<}n9 mllacoo P = 2059 mm, v6i90% tOp

frung vea muc: mllO (thong 4 - II), muo kho ng60 haD (chi'"i6 ThQi Van Trling X= 4.2 I), Iren nen d6t ,feralit n6u do

no,u ,vang fren do bazan, feralit xam Yang, vang do tren phienthQch.la cae 10Qi dat co fang d61 sau (> 60 em),' Ih06tthuy

;~6t, khong ng9P veo mua mlla.

Cae quan sat thl[C Ie eho thay va phon be, co 51[ phonhoa ro r~t glO'a La 0 va Tre Gai (Bambusa orundinaeea willd)cOng la m9' loai Tre quan IrQng a mien &5ng Nom' 69: ,Tre

Gainlhuang Xval lii~n a nai thap, dOl b&ngven song su6i, d6t

.xom trim granit thllong bj ng9P lap xap vao mug mllO SI!

khat bi~, ve yeu cau sinh thai nay can dU'<}cehll y Irong qui

Cae dieu ki~r1 sinh thai nau fren chi mal eho Ihoy 'dQe di~m

cOG khu vl{c mo Lo6 co kho nang xam chie" va !no rc}ng di,n

tich/la tien de can ,hie! -IlhU'ng thtra du gioi thie, 51{plio!" 5i'nh

,mc}t di~n tieh rCrng Lo 0 bQt ngan n;,ll hi~nIQi Hori 'nO'a' th'r,~h

'ling vOi dieu kl~n$inh thai -nau Iren, thomIhl/'-Y91r~rig nguyen

sinh a day' 'do /0 rlrng dm thvong 'xa'nh mva mu~ nhi~t"dal

.v6'i SVI1Uthe'cua looi cay go hQDau (Dipteroearpac'eae",rihU' DCiu,.J6 bong (Dipterecorpus t,vrbinotus Gaertri.l, Saoden (Hopeo

:'Qdorato Roxb.) a fang vuql ,einh~n gluo v6i cae loai-khai;; ~hU',H'uynh ITarrietia ;aYOniCa 81.) Cay Jrvingia maJoycino Oliv~),Lirn 50ng (P ltophoru:n da5yrachis KUiZ), xen Ian m9t It 1001'Jyng fa mua kh9 nhU' 6ang Lang (Lagersfroemia' sp.) '

'trongdo,o 51{ hi~n d'4n ,uo to 6 du6i Ian rCrng nhU'ng,phon b6 roi la"'56ng "khiem 16n"ya voi tro hau nhv kh6ng

;d6ngke KIC~urllog nguyeri sinh noy hi~n fQi con hi~n di;.n

filng mong di~n lich nhe a Bu Gia M9P (Song Be), Nom cat

,'TIEm~\aoog Noi) Nhll the, co th~ nEw gio thuyet r&ng d~ntich bQt ngon cuo Lo 0 hl~n IQi co nguon g6c tCr Lo 0 Irong.rllng gO,nguyen siph va qua tlinh hinh thanh, dien the CUDchung lah9"' quatac d9ng cuo c)n ngv6i den thorn rCrng

[19~yelJ s:nh :~ khl.! vI/' nay.

, "

II VAITRO CON NGU'al TRONG SI! HiNH TH~H VAl

nRClng Lo Ohinh thanh U, rClnggo nguyensinh JTac d9ngd(ju ti.en va tren qui mo Ian tu- XQxU'a den ruftg nguyen sInh

hi ,nc;m-ph6 rlinglcim ray cua dong boo dan toe Stieng :va- s(jn

day (hI 1960 den nay) la anh hU'ung n{lng na, cOo chat d9choa hQc cua de quae M9 va vi~e khai thac ru-ng bU-Qbai theo.hU'ang lay di cae cay go qui cao to va chlio IQi CCf:,cay kerngia: tddU'a den hQu qua 10 r~n9go bi va .tan va ngheoki9td(jn cae loai go quI Trong hoan canh sin!' thai mainay ,10

;6 vbi nhilng d{lc di~m cua m9t loai ti€m ,phone, U'a sang, cco

diau kitn xam chiem khoang Ir6n9 b&ng co 2 con dU'ang vo

vo tinh Idn, hilu tinh: HQt La 6 (n&m sOn trong dot hoCjc dU'qe

phat tan tu- noi khac den) 9CjP dieu kit" thu~1nIgi sanc!ty

mom de dang bien thanh cay con, Tu- cay con nay hang nam

mane dU'gcsinh ra hinh thanh cae the h~ ke Hap d~ saucvng thanh byi Tre LaQ. 1uy theo mCrcd9 lam ray khai quong, khaithac va va tan cua ,(rng go ma freonthve te, co th~ 99P

~hi~u trc;angthai trung gian v6'i cae mCrcd9 U'uthe khac nhau cua cay go va ~a 0 thee hU'6'ngLa 0 hoa rung g6: rClng g6

)Cen ~a 0, ,Clng La 0 xen go, ru-ng La 0 thu(jn loc;ai '.

Khao sat lap cay tai sinh a cae: trc;ang thai rClng nay cho

th6y khi cay go con U'u the- so vai Lo - 0 (rung g& xen Lo~O)

,thl lap cay go tai sinh phong phu(2800 cay (> Im)I he) thu9ccae loai :Dau la bong, Go mQt, Binh linh; B~ng lang, Cay,

Tram, TrU'ang, Long moog, BCra.Co k6 ' co kha n6ng chan)

IQi fifth trQng va tan va tiep fve giO'vai fro U'u the d6i vaiLo-oNhU'ng khi Lo- 0 da giD' vai Iro U'u the (rling L~- 0 xen. g6',

fling La 0 thubn 109i) lap cay gO tei sinh it hoi)etrung binh'tit 00 - 1600 cay> I m/haJ phbn Ian IhU9C c6c loQi g6 nhe Ilong mang, Co ke, Thanh ngQnh, Long ,mCre,56 " nen tri."v9ng phyc hai loi 51f U'Uthe cua cay go ta di~u kho co th~xay ra

Qua tdnh hinh thanh rling La 0 Iii g6 thee hU'l1ng Lb &hoa flIng g6 nay ch6c ch6n to qua trinh tau dai, c6 5V cQnh

tronh d~ gianh U'uthe tling IUt, t,,"S ngi tUOcay g6 hQ9C La 'Q

"'~~-'7-2) R\rhg lb 0 hinh thanhtren dat visn 10 euar&ng lb;, 0&

.en go~ L)-6 tnuchl 10Qi ) IQi tiep t c bi toe dgng bol eon!

ngU'ai: pbarl1J1g Lcholam ray, khai t~hQc,rang,L9~ 0 $au khi;

bi tac d9ri9, do khlJ "nang lai sinh vB tj~h monh mi§, than ngam'

Lo- 0 van liep t c dam choi sinh mans hinh thanh .cae trQng

thai r\rng Lo-0 "ph e hoi" sou ray, sou khoi thae trang "

\ r\rngphve hoi, vai!ro U'u thecu-a Lo';"0 doi vai cay go tang

'r~r,t vi lap cay 96 lai sinh 0 day kern phong' ph" va y6u van Ii] cae cay go nho (long mllc, Co ke, Thanh ngonh)

eh'-thCrsinh mQc x.n vai Lo 0, .

So v&i qua trinh hinta thanh r\rng Lo 0 l\r rl1ng g6 nguyen

linn ,thi a 'noj ,vanda dat f\rng Lo -6 slf, hinh thanh (phvc ~Oi)n;n9 Lo 0 diinra de dang va nhanh .chong han do da c6

16n h, thong Ihon ngam va kha nang tai sinh vo tinh niQnh

" m9t GOnoi bi lam ray lien Ive, dat bi thoaihda. mQnh ml th80 hU'anggiam'd9 ph'" chua va Latedt hoo tQo dl~u kiin tho'cae quan th6 Co IranI'! (Imperalo cylindrica (Lj P.'Beouv)

Co my (Penniselum polys'achyon (L)Schul1.1xam chiem va thay

Nh9n dinh chung ve d9C df~m hinn ,r,'anh va diin Ihe 0

- Rling Lo.0 dU'qc tac d9ng 16ng hgp cua cae nnan t6

tin~ thai: cac nhan '0 'V nhi~m (dia hinh, khi h9U, dot, h,

thvc 'vqL ) 10 tien de can thief, con ngl1Olla nhan to t90 ,hoen eanh va kha nang tai sinh (hi:rutinh va 'vo tinh) cua to.

0 10 d9ng Il{ccua qud trinh nay.

- Bay Ie qua ,dnh diln the ch+ch hU'ang do riguyen'

nhan inh v9': Khi La- 0 eta xam nh9p va chiem U'uthe 'rong

t thenh fling thi cay go kho co kh6 nOng phve hOi IQi vi ItiU'u Ihe cuo no do kha nang tei sinh vo tinn mQllh me cOO lo 0

da 16nat.

",'Mqc du 10Iling thli ~mh, tinh 6n djnh LUO f"ng/a 0 rat eGO

trongd.eu k"n bj Ci'.9t 'rang, lam Iat, chung van c6 kho hOng

phvc-hoil9i nhahh chong bang con dU'ong ~o tinh, &iy Ie d{tt:

-':~-: d6im 46ng , qui" n~u b16t (;)I't kinh doanh hgp Iy th1 s! duy tr1

, kha n6ng nay giup rO'ngdQt n6ng lu6t ca~, h9n ,ehe qucl trinh

"trang co hoa r&ng I~ o ' , " _.' ~;:

, CBU'O'NG 4' r BIND THAI 'VA SINH TRU6'NG

Than ngem mQc eym, krch thU'aG coo 13 - 15m, dU'ang kinh

7 - IOem, khong gai, 16ng bQng, vach moog, tQi b, la C«Silong

:~ trllng dai, mo Dang co toi khans phat tri~n,gie boa hinh 'ov~1, I)hQn d~p mang 5-7 hoa tfmtrong do co 3 -.4 hoa thy', e6 lei

nhO'ngdQc trU'ngcua loai BambuM procera A (her ,et A Cdin,

da dU'gcLecomte H 1913 vaPhQm hoang H9, 1972 mo la, Cac

d{lc tning nay khac ro r~t (n"61 la hoo) vat loci

Schizosta6h-.gum idllingeri Steud cung c6 ten dia phU'ang 10 Lb 0 Igi~ ho,a

hinh try, manh, I hoc Thy), '

II SINH TRUONG:

I) &Qc'diim sinh mang:

" ", Si:nhfru'c,Ilg cliathanngtlm : Than ngum lb & sinh trU'ang ,thee ki~u;hqp' trye va than ngam mai dU'ge sinh to chu yeu tl>'

"Jhan ngem cay'm~ I n6m tubi Net d91 s6c eua than ngamLo a '1'0co' kIth thirae kha dai (50.80em), dam hoi nghitng xuong d6t trU'flakhi cong liD ra khoi d6t Ihanh mOng(gan gi6ng nh" loCal

,Melocanllab(!-lnbusoidesTrin, a An d9, do d6 Cae than khl sinh

trong bVLLIS,0 khong mQcsat vao nhau nin chU'a thay xoy ra

: -hi,n tU'gf1g<nang bVi), eay la Iqi d,~m coo, L6,0 v~ mQt kinh, doanh r~ng,

- a ni'ng Lo6 «ria) : Than ngem co sinh trU'ang-60 djith,-m~i Ihonngem m~ ,inh ra 4 - 5 than nge,m mai trong dti c6 I,than ngem mai e6 kith fh.,,6'c w'ong dU'ang than ngem m~

9 'U'9ftgnglrng 's.nh frU'anga nhiJ'ng "oj b~i ph6ftri~nday d~c

'co 4 Stha:f1 ngam m6'i cfl!u-kh5ng ph6f Iri~n thanhthan khf sin1ol~'

~Vao (d'c' nOm- sau, nett khan's sian dlnh dU'~ng "huQ'n Igi ,hon,, chung van c6kha mOns ph6t tri6n ",onh than khi'sinh '

- acae trcmg thai rang £6 0' cpill!-c h(ji~' ivcio n(Jmcfa~ tien

sou khi,cay mebj chqt do hi kich thich-sinh Iyya 'khonggicJn'song thu9n"gi nen 56',h,gog thon ngam m6'ilin~ gig timg (,5.7than ng~ml:~ay me)cva tot 'ca,cfeu phat, tri6n thantt than, ~hisinh "ieh thl1(u; cae than (190m m6'1 nay lat nh,o(d ';'" 1,:2cm) ,

do k~6ngcon,dlY rn~ nuoidU'p-ng Vao -coe nOm sou, s6,1U'9ngthan ngam m6iph6ttri~n thanh than khi sinhgiam dCin'ccung'~bi s"phy~ h61 kith thU'6"cc~a than ngam saJ 7.1 O"nom'phychbl, than-'nga~ 'IQi sinh'1(U'orig 6~ djnh-nhu- q ufng, igia~.T6t.d9 ph9ch6i'kfch fhU'ac than ngam sou ray ch9m hon ,,'au Ii\}iai"thac 'fling do dot, bj thoai hoc nhl~u hon . '

Cae dQ.ngmiingt Khi li1ai'x~afhi," co' ;h~ ph6n' bi~t3

d\1ng mOng: ,nanh, (co oQng than ngam), mOns (cu» (dl}u t~oncf9C r~9tr'v'a ;mOng c6ng~.r(dQng ong nhQn; r6ng rv91) VOl ti I,binh qua'n khoong 10%, 30%,-60% MC1-ng~ndnh~,mOng' acu.'thvong t?i l'hulchet, trOt IQoimOn,g<6ng, khoe linh,tnran.g nhqnh

ngay la~'khi xuat hi~n va, Ii I~ phat tri6n ttlanh than 'khi,s,nh,.

cua mOng, dU'<jJC:~ac djnh 10 do vi tri va kf.<:hthU'aec:hof: Moog '",

c6ng) JhU'ong dU'qc linh 111thai giiJ'a ("itri Ih(r3)c;iJ kith th'-tbc ,

to nhat (3t~":4'Ocm), con,mOng ~u tli ehbi,~ (;~,_4-2j7ctitj,'choi '

5 (2,0.'2,Jcm), MOogn,anh mQcnongto' ehoi 2 (2,,2,,'2,Scm),ch6i

1 (1,0-2,OC171)"" '" "

> Mud lniing~ Mua xvat hi~n mOngto 0 ke~ daH!) dbo' ,.,

cd th~',.phon:'bi;t vy sbm'(thang 6) 'vv mu9n(thang9).~a'-vy,

vy sam va y miJ9n mQc roirac va IhU'ang bj itthui) (dl"

-'Flingltu:&ngciia lllcing: Khi mai xuat 'hI'"'; m~'r;g ~o;,g')

Lo 0 fllOg 1rU'ang ce9m frong>T5,.20 ngay (2 ~4cni/2,4gia-),iau

Q-d6 "hanh db" (10 20cm/24gia) va 6n djnhtrong t~~i Oia~dai

"(55 -05 ngay), ~au cung 9 am di r~ fit Nh" th,,~Ong -nhu-.tae

,'10ai'Tr8, trucnhift dOi ~hac, thai eian d~ m~n~ l~ 0 sinh

. 'li'\farig hoan bl v~ kic.hthtrac 10 80 100 ngay,

Do Iinh trU'angtheo ki6u hQp trye:

" -,Gllta c8ym, va mang L~ 0 I~n tQI m6i qua" h, ch9t

c:h~ ,,~ krch thU'bc a diy me c6'dU'ang kfrh Ian (7 8cm) &" dl"h

,al sjnhmang c6 c6p kinhlan tU'ang dU'ang, 116i IQi,cOY m, ,c6 c6pkinh Mho (I 2~rn)sa sinh mane co o~p -1dnhnho(2 4cift) 16~ han c8y m9 ~hut h d dong frong q!Ja tr\nh phve h~t ,

- GiO'atha~, ngbm (mtn) va mOngo tOng I~n tQi qua,,'h+

=chQt cha v ki,h thU'ac c6 ih~ bltu diG" bbng pt",aftg, trln.h

'hbi <4uituy'n tinh a-'

:vachuan ,tinc9Y : tr . 25,8> la (***)

-,,' NhU''the, than "g~m Ian (c6p Hnt, 4'~5cm) lU'ang (rn.g~.~

mang 1,0'"(7.8), 'than ngbm Rho (I - 2cm) vai mong Rho (2 3c~)

S6JIl9'l1gvtikich thrzac mtJrtg: GiO'a kh6i 1"9"" vlJkkh

thu'6c: m'an; 'On tQI m91 tU'ang quan nghlc.h tU'anotY' -nhO"a

thanng~m: a rerngLO 0 gicJ)1U'9n9mangxu6t hi," khoa.g

.3500.4000 mal'lg I ha trong d6 1U'9'"9mane phat ti-i6n-thanhth6nkhi sinh ft (900-1 QOOmang! ha) nl-,"-19 mane c6 (,6p' kfnh

'U'anl duang nhll cay m, (7 8cm) Trai IQi , a rOonGphvch~1

l\lqng' mong sinh ra kha coo vao nam th(r nh6t 15000,~d()'\O,

manS 'he) va t6t (lJ,-d~u phat tr;~n thanhthan khi sinhnhung

taCmangnay c6 kich thU'ac kern(I -3cm) Vao cae nam'scui

,6 1U'9"9 mane mane phat tri~n Ihanh than khf sinhSiam d~n

(ung "tri s'l phyc:hbi dl2nc.ua kr<.I,IhU'c,cmane Sou 7- 8.Ram

phye 'hbi, a rOOnglau khai ,6, tr61'\ge6 s6 IU'9ng mane 1400

1600 mane I ha val c.6p ki"h bj"h qua" cua mang gbn tU'aog

dU'ang vO'i rl)"'9 (gia) (7crn) (01'1a flIng sau raIl s6,1U'91'19

mane co (dO han (1800 -2000 mane! he) nhU'ng thU'ang chl,dQt

c~p ~(n" 5 6cm do d6t bj thoai hoc nhi~u haft. , '

MHnl lrlhui»:Kho6ng 40.75% Ib'1Q1U'9n9m~"9xu6t

bifndabJcthui)«, , en't khi chitv . coo ,hila' d'"3acm _$hao- 8;l