NGỮ-PHÁP-TOEIC (1)

NGỮ PHÁP TOEIC – HOÀNG HƯỜNG TOEIC CHỦ ĐIỂM 1: TỪ LOẠICÁC CÔNG THỨC DÙNG TRONG TỪ LOẠI Tính từ + Danh Từ Adj+ N DANH TỪ Ví dụ: A beautiful girl 1 cô gái đẹp – TÍNH + DANH The marketing d

NGỮ PHÁP TOEIC – HOÀNG HƯỜNG TOEIC CHỦ ĐIỂM 1: TỪ LOẠI

CÁC CÔNG THỨC DÙNG TRONG TỪ LOẠI

Tính từ + Danh Từ (Adj+ N)

DANH TỪ

Ví dụ: A beautiful girl (1 cô gái đẹp) – TÍNH + DANH

The marketing deparment (phòng marketing) – DANH + DANH

Some extremely beautiful girls (1 cô gái cực kỳ đẹp) – TRẠNG + TÍNH + DANH

A kind and beautiful girl (1 cô gái vừa đẹp vừa tốt bụng) – TÍNH + TÍNH + DANH

Trật tự các loại từ trong cụm danh từ:

 Mạo từ (a/an/the/some/many/all) + DANH TỪ

 Trật tự các từ trong cụm danh từ là: TRẠNG TỪ > TÍNH TỪ >DANH TỪ

 Đứng trước danh từ là: TÍNH TỪ/DANH TỪ + DANH TỪ

+ Ví dụ: a beautiful girl (adj+n), a sales department (n+n)

 Đứng trước tính từ là: TRẠNG TỪ/ TÍNH TỪ + TÍNH TỪ

+ Ví dụ: extremely beautiful (adv+ adj), kind and beautiful girl (adj+adj cùng

bổ sung cho danh)

 Trong cụm danh từ: tính từ bổ sung cho danh từ (adj+ n), trạng từ bổ sung cho tính từ (adv+ adj) Nếu chúng bổ sung cho nhau thì ghép lại dịch nghĩa nếu hợpthì ok

TÍNH TỪ:

Vị trí của Tính Từ:

1, ADJ + N: tính từ + danh từ

Ví dụ: a beautiful girl

2, To be+ ADV+ ADJ: To be + Trạng Từ+ Tính Từ

Ví dụ: she is extremely beautiful

3, Keep (giữ cho), seem (dường như), sound (nghe có vẻ), look (trông có vẻ), make (khiến cho), feel (cảm thấy), find (cảm thấy), remain (vẫn), stay (vẫn), appear (dường như), become (trở nên) + TÍNH TỪ

Ví dụ: she finds the movie interesting (cô ấy nhận thấy bộ phim hay)

It sounds interesting (điều đó nghe có vẻ thú vị)

Keep it safe (hãy giữ cho nó được an toàn)

He makes it possible (anh ấy khiến cho nó có thể xảy ra)

The product becomes popular among teenagers (sản phẩm trở nên phổ biến trong giới trẻ)

Trạng Từ + Động Từ (Adv + V)

Vị trí của Trạng Từ (ADV)

 Trạng từ +Tính Từ (ADV + ADJ)

Ví dụ: Extremely beautiful (rất đẹp)

 Trạng Từ + Động từ + Trạng Từ (ADV + V hoặc V + ADV)

Ví dụ: Gradually increase (tăng 1 cách từ từ) hoặc increase gradually (tăng 1 cách từ từ)

 Trạng Từ + Mạo từ/giới từ/cụm từ (ADV+ a/an/the/of/…)

Ví dụ: largely due to her effort (chủ yếu do sự cố gắng của cô ấy)

 Trạng Từ + Mệnh đề (ADV + S,V)

Ví dụ: Fortunately, she passed the exam (may quá, cô ấy đã vượt qua kỳ thi)

 Lưu ý: Sau động từ có 1 trường hợp: danh từ (làm tân ngữ) hoặc trạng từ

Ví dụ: Sing a song (hát hay) – V + N (tân ngữ)

Sing a song beautifully (hát 1 cách hay) – V+ ADV

1 Số Trường Hợp Đặc Biệt Của Động Từ:

 Please close the door and listen to me

(Trong câu mệnh lệnh, V nguyên mẫu)

 To learn English well, follow my instruction

(Để học tốt = To V, hãy nghe theo tôi = V nguyên mẫu)

 He said that learning English isnot difficult

(Ving làm chủ ngữ = việc học Tiếng Anh, that + Mệnh đề (S,V)

 Being late, she apologized to everyone

Ving

Dạng đầy đủ: She was late, she apologized to everyone

(Ving= rút gọn chủ ngữ dạng chủ động, tạm dịch: cô ấy đi trễ nên cô ấy xin lỗi mọi người)

 Approved, the project will be implemented soon

Ved/V3

Dạng đầy đủ: The project was approved, it will be implemented soon

(Ved/V3= Rút gọn chủ ngữ dạng bị động, tạm dịch: được phê duyệt nên dự án sắp tới sẽ được tiến hành)

 Động từ khuyết thiếu + Vnguyên mẫu

Can Could May

Would rather Used to

CÁC ĐUÔI N/ADJ/V/ADV THÔNG DỤNG

TeacherActor

Entrance

Importance

TeachingOpening

AdventureProcedure

BoredomFreedom

ApplicantProposalSadness

Scientistemployee

Dependencescience

Marketing Friendship

membership

Communismcriticism

Note: -ant/al

đa số

là ADJ

Signific ant Import ant

Carel ess Helpl ess

Interes ted broke n

Childish selfish Nation al

Final

Suga

r – free Goo d- looki ng Visible

Excelle nt freque

Funn y cloud

Boring excitin g

Daily/mo nthly (vừa là

Famou s

danger

Lengthen Strengthen Decorate

Locate

Memorise

Emphasise

Satisfy Notify

Weaken Shorten

4 The bids must be reviewed by the engineers to make sure all engineering(N)+

…Ns……for the project are met

A Specific

B To specify

C Specifically

D Specifications

5 We are pleased to announce that the ADV….+.(ADJ)anticipated tablet

computer brochure has now been launched on our website

13 All potential candidates applying for this position must have at least six years

of …ADJ+(N)….experience in the automobile industry

A Apply

B Applies

17 Factory officials reported that with the installation of the new machinery, errors

during …+N….have decreased by 15 percent

23 A high sense of ……often means individuals go well above the normal

standard in various business situations

29 I’ve read a couple of different articles on Franklin Roosevelt, who was a much

…….president than Barack Obama has been so far

A boldness

B bolder

40 The research released by Henford Trust ranked automobile companies

according to sales ……and financial position

*RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (Ving- chủ động, Ved/3 – bị động)

Ví dụ: Employees who completed the training session will receive certificates (=completing)

Employees who are nominated will receive certificates (= nominated)

She is late for the meeting, which annoys everyone (=annoying)

*Rút gọn chủ ngữ (Ving – chủ động, Ved/3 – bị động)

Ví dụ: She is late for the meeting, she apologizes to everyone (= being late)

She was born in Hung Yen, She is beautiful (= Born)

*1 số tính từ - ing (vật), - ed (người)

Ví dụ: an interesting movie, interested people

*Ving = adj (đang), Ved= adj (được)

Ví dụ: Increase (V) – increasing (Ving)=adj(đang tăng): increasing price (adj+n)

Propose (V) – proposed (Ved)=adj (được): proposed plan (adj+n)

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1 Stormy weather in Lorraine led to power outages last night, ……some

residents without electricity

A Open

B Will be opening

C Opening

D Have been opening

4 Students ….for an overseas exchange program should visit the administration office for further details

11 Ms.Lanrensky is applying with the several different agencies to obtain the permits … for the outdoor art event,

16 Several prospective investors expressed interest in the investment proposal

……by Clint Richards at the Calsworth Venture Capital Forum

26 A team of executive from Met Corp met with the investor … as the

spokeperson for the group of stockholders

A Acts

B Acted

Ving/Ved làm Tính từ (ing=chủ động, ed=bị động)

1 Attached you will find a ……agenda for Thursday’s meeting

3 Please refer to the enclosed attachment that summarizes … building

construction next month

TÍNH TỪ (ing/ed Ing chỉ vật, ed chỉ cảm xúc của người)

1 An extensive survey of baby foods has found that they have …….levels of disease causing microbes

6 In a … interview, the Jamaica Observer spoke with an anonymous

manufacturer who was forced to retire

A Fascinate

B Fascinating

C Fascination

1, recently: thì quá khứ hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành

2, xảy ra trước trong quá khứ: quá khứ hoàn thành (HAD V3)

3, xảy ra trước trong tương lai: tương lai hoàn thành (WILL HAVE V3)

4, Mệnh đề giả định: IF

+ If hiện tại đơn, will/can/may

Ví dụ: If Mary studies hard, she will pass the exam

+ If quá khứ, would/could/shoud/might

Ví dụ: If today were Sunday, I would go swimming

+ If had V3, would/could/should/might have V3

Ví dụ: If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam last year

3 The supervisor of the marketing department, Ms Smith, ……all the statistics

that were needed for the report

A To provide

B Provided

C Provide

D Providing

4 The report which the accounting department manager submitted last month

……….the payroll problem in detail

A Describes

B Description

C Describing

D have been working

9 John Taunton recently _a letter from his mother informing him that his father is going to take a trip out here to see him

A received

B receiving

C was received

D has been receiving

10 At this evening's seminar, our chief research scientist _the results of his most recent project

13 The plant manager, Mr Lee, recently _a tour of the company's main production facilities for clients

15 In the past ten years, the number of Americans using go 90 percent of their disposable income to pay off credit card debts _by 30 percent

A has been rising B will have risen

C was rising D has risen

16 Mr Buxton and her team of specialists _a new marketing strategy since the beginning of the year

A are developing B has being developed

C Have been developing D would develop

17 The advertising task force would have never finished making the promotional material if Ms Jefferson _to help out

A has not volunteered B was not volunteering

C volunteered D had not volunteered

18 Mr Keating _Rick Chang as office-in-charge for the duration of his European business trip last Wednesday

A designate B is designating

C has designated D designated

19 Mr Castle, who groceries in several areas, _a member of the London Society Club for over30 years

A have been B was being

20 If China's economy continues to grow at the current rate, the country _an ever greater influence over world affairs in the future

C will have D would have

21 A medication is known to be dose-dependent when its effects _as its dosage varies

A change B changing C to change D changes

22 Many economists are expecting that the company's stock price _at least 50% higher by July next year,

A will be B was C is D had been

23 Company employees at the construction site on Bowdon Street always

_safety helmets as a protective measure

C wearing were D have been wearing

24 Industry insiders expect Bradley & Hoper Inc _overseas in search of cheaper labor costs next year

A will have moved B would move

C will move D was moving

25 According to music industry analysts, newcomer Gladstone Records

_fifteen top-ten singles by the end of next year

A releases B was releasing

C would be released D Will have released

26 Companies throughout the region _unable to find affordable office

supplies before Office Block started to sell cheap, high-quality goods

A have been B would be

C had been D were being

27 The finance team _a new automated system for handling all accounting and payroll duties

A has installed B are installed

C installing D to install

28 If Georgia Electric had not merged with Atlanta Wire last year, both companies _in deep financial trouble by now

29 The construction team _60 hours a week for the past two months in order

to finish the project on time

C has been working D Works

30 If Parkview hotel had advertised its package deal more aggressively, it _a lot more requests for reservations

A would have received B had received

31 Kevin Jennings and Vile Delia, who _for Genre-X Inc, will not join the seminar until after the lunch break

A work B works C working D to work

32 Governor Gerald Yates _in office for over 4 years by the time the next state election is held

A will have been B has been

33 The supervisor at the construction site is _of hiring more temporary

workers to help with the project

A think B thinking C though D have thought

34 With expertise in all corporate areas, Think Space _growth in businesses throughout the Consultin region for the last ten years

A stimulates B would stimulate

C was stimulating D has stimulated

35 Medleys Clothing _fashionable and comfortable women's garments for 20 years by the time it expands its business overseas next year

A will have made B would make

36 The fragile goods at the back of the storage locker _to be moved before the new order comes in tomorrow

A need B needs C needing D is needed

Đáp án: B needs (chủ ngữ goods là ko đếm được)

CHỦ ĐIỂM 4: V1 – TO V hay V1 - VING

1, Help, Make, Let + O + V nguyên mẫu: giúp, buộc, để ai làm gì

Ví dụ: My mother often makes me clean the house

2, Have + người + V nguyên mẫu: nhờ ai đó làm gì

Have/get + vật + Ved/ V3: 1 vật được làm bởi

Ví dụ: I have Mary clean the house (Tôi nhờ Mary lau nhà)

I have the house cleaned by Mary (nghĩa bị động)

3, Ask, tell, request, advise + O + To V: khuyên, bảo, đề nghị ai làm gì

Ví dụ: My father advises me to study English

4, Be + Tính Từ + To V

Ví dụ: It is easy to study English

5, Ving sau 1 số động từ như: avoid (tránh), delay (trì hoãn), enjoy (thích), finish (hoàn thành), keep (tiếp tục), mind (phiền), prefer (thích hơn), practice (luyện tập), miss (bỏ lỡ), resume (tiếp tục), suggest (đề nghị)

5, be accustomed to, be familiar with, be/ get used to + Ving: quen với việc gì

6, look forward to + Ving: mong chờ việc gì

7, Cant stand, cant help, cant bear + Ving:không nhịn được việc gì

8, It’s no use, It’s worth + Ving: đáng để làm gì

9, Be busy + Ving: bận làm gì

10, Have difficulties + Ving: gặp khó khăn trong chuyện gì

BÀI TẬP:

1 The officer was asked _with his men

A met B to meet C for meeting D will meet

2 Investment professionals quickly learn _the difference between good and badinvestments

C are recognition D have recognized

3 _this project, the managers will have to divide their time between conductingresearch and identifying new applications

4 Most workers look forward _their annual vacation

A to take B taking C to taking D take

5 People are urged to arrive at the theater on time to avoid _ the play after itbegins

A disrupting B to disrupt

C disrupt D for disrupting

6 The company plays soft music in its showroom _a pleasant environment

A create B created C creating D to create

7 The auditor was asked _his signature on the report

A put B to put C for putting D putting

8 International public opinion will soon make countries _ the environment

9 The piece of equipment was oversize and could not cross the bridge without _damage

A causing B being caused C caused D cause

10 The heating unit failed _inspection and had to be serviced

A passed B passing C to pass D for passing

11 Marketers must avoid _promises they can't keep while they demonstrate thequality of their product or service

A make B making C made D to make

12 Parkland Chiropractic looks forward to _our patients with the best-qualitycare in the state

A serve B served C serving D be served

13 After reviewing his qualifications, we have concluded that his chances of _bythe company are very high

A hire B hiring C hired D being hired

14 The marketing director will have his secretary _ the meeting minutes beforedistributing them to the attendees

A transcribe B transcribed

C be transcribing D to be transcribed

15 They wanted _on new small businesses

A were concentrated B concentrate

C concentrating D to concentrate

16 They were so busy _the new house that they forgot to ask for water service

18 There were some technical problems with the equipment that she rented for thepresentation, so Susan Kimberly would like to have her money _

A mail B mails C mailing D mailed

22 The sales representative suggested the customers _the product with extremecaution

A to handle B handling C handle D handled

23 This pass allows the holder _one motor vehicle in the National Museum ofAnthropology parking area for one day