Tài liệu Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 25 pdf

TASK: Go back and rate the response on page 225 using the Integrated Speaking Rating Guide on 324.. When you summarize the reading passage, make sure you identify the main topic and the

Does the response (argument) demonstrate coherence?

Because of Organization, Progression, Development-summarization, Unity-synthesis and Language Use-paraphrasing, the test-taker has proficiently

“summarized the points in the reading” and shown how the woman’s argument opposes the new policy This demonstrates coherence

(OPDUL=C) Yes √ No _ Note: When you practice speaking, use a recording device or get your classmates and instructor to help you with your revision checklist After you identify areas that lack coherence, repeat the same response until the coherence level increases

TASK: Go back and rate the response on page 225 using the Integrated Speaking

Rating Guide on 324 Compare your rating to the one on page 341 Note: For this

response, the speaker’s delivery was proficient

Avoid these five problem areas when delivering your response

When you summarize the reading passage, make sure you identify the main topic and the reasons why the university is introducing the new policy

A lack of reading passage development-summarization will result in a lack of topical unity-synthesis between the reading passage and the student’s argument This will result in a lack of coherence (OPDUL=C) and a lower score

When you summarize the student’s argument, make sure you identify the

student’s opinion and each supporting illustration (3TiC) Make sure you identify the cause-and-effect relationship in each body paragraph as well They are the reasons that support the student’s opinion

A lack of body paragraph development-summarization is a big reason why test-takers score low on integrated Speaking Task #3

Five Common Problems

Lack of Reading Passage Development-Summarization

1

Remember!

Lack of Body Paragraph Development-Summarization

2

Remember!

C

Carefully read the prompt Make sure you identify which student’s argument you must summarize Do not summarize both Summarizing the second student

argument will be off topic This will demonstrate a lack of topical unity-synthesis (OPDUL=C) The result will be a lack of coherence (OPDUL=C) and a lower score

Make sure you summarize the student’s position as stated in the prompt

When you summarize objectively, use a consistent verb tense If you start off using

the simple present (The student says that…The student argues that…), do not

change to the simple past (The student said that…The student argued that…)

Mixing verb tenses demonstrates a lack of unity-synthesis, specifically a lack of grammatical unity (OPDUL=C) This will result in

a lack of coherence (OPDUL=C) and a lower score

For this task, do not state your opinion This is an objective task Your opinion is subjective Stating your opinion will demonstrate a lack of topical unity-synthesis (OPDUL=C) This will result in a lack of coherence (OPDUL=C) and a lower score

Listed below are reasons why your response is longer than 60 seconds

Reason #1 Your summarization of the reading is too long

Solution 1 Make your summarization shorter

2 Do not include details (dates, scores, costs, etc)

3 Summarize the reading in 10 seconds or less

4 Speak faster; try not to hesitate

Reason #2 When the clock starts, you are not speaking right away That means

you are losing valuable seconds at the start

Solution 1 Start speaking right after the beep Remember: The speaking tasks come up fast Be ready for them

Summarizing Both Student Arguments

3

Remember!

Mixing Verb Tenses

4

Remember!

Stating Your Opinion

5

Help! – My Response is Too Long!

Reason #3 You are being too careful When you are too careful, you slow down to

pronounce correctly When you slow down, you waste time You also decrease fluency and automaticity

Solution 1 Speak at a normal pace

2 Record your voice, then play it back You will know if you are speaking too slowly If so, speak faster

Reason #4 You are pausing or hesitating too much Record your voice and play it

back You will soon know if you are pausing or hesitating too much Pausing and hesitating wastes time Pausing and hesitating will also decrease fluency and automaticity

Solution 1 Avoid pauses; try not to hesitate

2 Practice reading sample responses

3 Ask a native speaker to demonstrate the right speed

Reason #5 You are pausing or hesitating too much because you did not

summarize the student arguments using G+3TiC=C

Solution 1 Memorize G+3TiC=C

2 Practice summarizing student arguments using sample responses

Reason #6 Your summarization of the student’s supporting illustrations (3TiC)

contains too much information

Solution 1 Identify the topic in each body paragraph and the reason stated by

the cause-and-effect relationship

2 Do not include details (dates, scores, costs, etc)

Reason #7 Your conclusion is too long

Solution 1 State your conclusion in one sentence

2 State your conclusion in 5 seconds or less

3 Simply repeat the student’s opinion

Reason #8 The clock makes you so nervous you blank out

Solution 1 Do not time yourself when you practice Just speak When you are

more confident, time yourself

Listed below are reasons why your response is too short

Reason #1 You are nervous When you are nervous, you speak too fast and

finish too soon

Help! – My Response is Too Short!

Solution 1 Record your voice and play it back You will soon know if you are

speaking too fast If so, slow down

2 Do not time yourself Just speak at a regular speed

Reason #2 Your summarization of the student’s supporting illustrations (3TiC) is

too short

Solution 1 Make sure you have identified the topic in each supporting

example

2 Make sure you have identified the cause-and-effect relationship in each example

3 Make sure you have summarized all supporting examples

Reason #3 You speak, then suddenly stop because you are shy or afraid, or feel

stupid

Solution 1 Practice reading into a recording device Read an English

magazine article or a book while recording This will help you

develop confidence speaking into a microphone

2 Take an ESL class to develop your speaking skills and confidence

3 Practice Practice Practice

Reason #4 You are not confident using G+3TiC=C

Solution 1 Practice developing and delivering responses until you have

memorized G+3TiC=C, and you remember it automatically without notes

2 Practice Practice Practice

Reason #5 You blank out

Solution 1 You are trying too hard or are too nervous Try to relax When

you practice speaking, don’t time yourself, just speak until you are confident When you are more confident, then time yourself

2 Forget about trying to demonstrate OPDUL=C Just speak The more you speak, the more confident you will become

Start clean, end clean

Remember!

What if you can’t deliver a response for this task? What if you blank out? What should you do? Follow these four steps and deliver an emergency response

Some test-takers blank out when they read the passage If this happens, focus on the first and second sentences These are the most important sentences Sentence one is usually the topic sentence If not, sentence two will be

If you can only remember one point from the reading passage, make sure it is the main point The main point is the topic sentence The topic sentence will describe the new policy

Some test-takers blank out when they listen to the dialogue If this happens, try to remember what each student said at the very start For example, if the man starts by saying, “What a great policy!”, you know he supports the new policy If the woman says, “I don’t believe it!”, you know she does not support the policy

Because the dialogue is short (60-90 seconds), each student will state

his/her opinion about the new policy in the first few lines of dialogue

Be ready for them Each opinion will signal the start of each argument

Tone (the emotion in a speaker’s voice) is a sign that will tell you what each student thinks For example, if one student says, “What a stupid policy!”, this sentence will be expressed using a negative tone

Conversely, “What a good idea!” will be expressed using a positive tone Tone is one way of identifying a speaker’s opinion

Also, read the prompt carefully Make sure you understand it before

you respond Make sure you are “on topic” (talking about the topic in the prompt) not “off topic” (talking about a different topic)

Emergency Response

Make a G+3TiC=C note map

Step #1

Remember!

Listen to the dialogue; summarize the two arguments

Step #3

Remember!

Remember!

Read and summarize the passage (45 seconds)

Step #2

When you speak, state the context first Next, briefly describe the policy If you can’t remember the reason(s) for the policy, move on Try and summarize the student’s opinion about the announcement Look at your notes If you have notes for the wrong student (the

argument you don’t have to summarize) use the black-and-white rule

Try and state the opposite of what is in your notes

Speak (60 seconds)

Step #4

TASK: Using G+3TiC=C and the four steps, develop and deliver a response for each

of the following tasks Use a recording device so you can play back your response

and check it for coherence using the Integrated Speaking Proficiency Checklist on page 322 After you check your response for coherence, rate it using the Integrated Speaking Rating Guide on page 324

Directions: Darien College has recently hired a new professor Read the

announcement You have 45 seconds

Next, listen as two students discuss the announcement

After you listen to the dialogue, answer the prompt

TASK: You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Announcement from the President

It is with great pleasure that Darien College announces the appointment

of Professor Abby Wright Professor Wright is a world renown lecturer and

writer Her book of poems, Poems on the Plane, won the prestigious Ink Well Prize while her latest novel, Break the Fast, has been nominated for a

Pulitzer Prize Professor Wright graduated summa cum laude with a degree

in English Literature from Princeton She received her Masters in

Comparative Mythology from Yale and her Ph.D in Medieval Slovenian

Literature from Harvard Professor Wright also has a degree in law from Georgetown Professor Wright will teach classes in Comparative Literature and Mythology, and will be available for student consultation On behalf of Darien College, I extend a warm welcome to Professor Wright

Prompt The man gives his opinion of the new professor State his position

and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion

Speaking Practice

CD Track

#13 Task #1

Directions: Wilton University seeks a new manager for its exercising facility Read

the announcement You have 45 seconds

Next, listen as two students discuss the announcement

After you listen to the dialogue, answer the prompt

TASK: You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Prompt The woman expresses her opinion about the announcement State

her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion

Announcement from Student Services

Wilton University seeks a student to manage the school’s state-of-the-art exercising facility part time on weekday evenings and weekends Preference will be given to those students in their graduating year and who have a

background in sports management and/or health science The qualified

candidate will be responsible for opening and closing the facility, scheduling classes, such as yoga and pilates, and assisting those students and faculty members who need help Knowledge of computer databases is essential, as

is a GPA of no less than 3.0 For more information, please see Ivette in

Student Services, Room A1

Task #2

CD Track

#14

Directions: Greenwich College is introducing a student-of-the-year award Read

the announcement You have 45 seconds

Next, listen as two students discuss the announcement

After you listen to the dialogue, answer the prompt

TASK: You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Announcement from the Dean

Starting Monday, students at Greenwich College are invited to submit

nominations for The Student-of-the-Year Award The student of the year will best represent the school motto: “Diligence and Desire.” The winning student will receive a cash prize of $5,000.00 and laptop computer The nominated student may be in any year and must be currently enrolled at Greenwich College You may not nominate yourself Voting will take place throughout the month To vote, go to room 310 with your student ID card Students not enrolled at Greenwich College cannot vote If you have any questions, please contact the Dean’s office

Prompt The man expresses his opinion about the announcement State his

opinion and explain the reasons he gives for maintaining that opinion

Task #3

CD Track

#15

Directions: Stamford College is introducing a new policy Read the

announcement You have 45 seconds

Next, listen as two students discuss the new policy

After you listen to the dialogue, answer the prompt

TASK: You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Announcement from the Dean

Starting next semester, students at Stamford College will not be allowed

to use laptop computers during class time Any student using a laptop computer during class time will be asked to turn it off or leave the room This policy is in response to complaints saying that increased laptop usage during class time is noisy and distracting Laptop usage will be permitted in all main campus areas, including libraries and food service areas If you have any questions regarding this policy, please feel free to contact the Dean Office hours are Monday-Friday 9 to 5pm

Prompt The woman expresses her opinion about the new policy State

her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for maintaining that position

Task #4

CD Track

#16