Tài liệu Delta''''s key to the toefl test part 15 pdf

Vocabulary is not directly tested in the Structure section, but knowledge of vocabulary and word forms makes it easier to answer many of the questions.. QUESTION TYPES ON THE PAPER TEST

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Part B

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several conversations and talks Each conversation or talk

is followed by several questions The conversations, talks, and questions will not be repeated

For most of the questions, you will read four possible answers and choose the best answer Some questions

will have special directions

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Here is an example

On the recording, you hear:

Sample Answer

Now listen to a sample question CA @ @

Tn your book, you read:

(A) It helped scientists see the atmosphere more clearly

CB) It made it easier for scientists to send messages

Ce) It made data collection from weather stations faster

(@) It helped airplanes fly higher

The best answer to the question, How did the telegraph improve the science of meteorology? is Ce),

It made data collection from weather stations faster Therefore, the correct choice is Ce)

Now listen to another sample question

In your book, you read:

Forecast the weather

Study trends in rocket science

Solve air pollution problems

Study costs of building satellites

The best two answers to the question, What do meteorologists do today? are (Al, Forecast the weather, and

[GC], Solve air pollution problems Therefore, the correct choices are |A] and |G|

Remember, you should not take notes during the test

REVIEW TEST

1

21.CA) He had studied a lot about the

labor movement

There were no questions on material he

had not studied

Ce) There was nothing on the test that he

didn’t know

@) He always does weil on history tests

22.CA3 Play pool with the man

CB) Go swimming

Skip her botany class

Cb) Take a botany test

"8 He wants to apply for a job

CB He wants to discuss his assignment

Cc) He must miss class that day

Cp He cnjoyed her lecture

24.Ca) She is attending a conference off-campus

CB She is giving a lecture at two o’clock

Ce) She is visiting Professor Strong’s class

Cp She will answer his message tomorrow

25.CA) Call Dr Owada

CB Cancel his appointment with Dr Owada

Ce) Write a note to his professor

@) Miss a lecture at two o’clock,

26 He has too much work to do

CB) He is worried that he can’t do his job

very well

He doesn’t understand his boss’s behavior

(@) His boss is too strict

27.CA) Mr Jackson allows too many breaks

Mr Jackson doesn’t know Ben works fast

Mr, Jackson doesn’t like the workers

@ Mr Jackson wants to fire Ben

28.CA) Ask his boss for advice

CB Look for a different job

Ce) Try to work faster

(> Ask his boss for more work

29.Ca) Abrupt Shifts in the World’s Climate

CB) The Climate of Northern Europe

Ce) Scientists Who Have Drilled for Ice

(©) The Causes of Global Warming

124

30

31

32 @

33

34

35

Ca) The North Pole

Iceland

Cc) The United States

@>) Greenland

Choose 2 answers

[A] Temperatures fell to minus 11 degrees every five years

Temperatures rose and fell several times

[C] The melting of ice caused the sea level

to rise

IB] The deep chill lasted thousands of years

It occurred ten centuries ago

It might have taken less than a human lifetime

Scientists disagree about what happened

Ce) Snowfall gradually increased

CA) Snow builds up as glacial ice

The sun’s heat is reflected

Ce) More snow fails each winter

(®> There is more moisture in the air

1

CA) Education is important in American

society

American society can be described as having four social classes

Ce> A stratified society has many

disadvantages

P3 Women are ranked below men in some

societies

Cf Similarity in age, race, and sex

CB) Success or failure in business

Differences in inherited property

(>) Similarity in education, income,

and values

De.ta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test

36.CA) The upper class

CB The lower class

Cc) The lower~middle class

Cp) The professional class

37.CA) Its members have many disadvantages

CB) It is the largest social class

Its members have little chance of

improving their lives

(®) Its income is from jobs in factories

38.CA) Upper Ce) Lower-middle

39.CA) Labels are generally accurate

Labels ignore people in the

lowest classes

Cc) Labels can be misleading

Cp) Labels explain why people are rich

or poor

40.CA) The absorption of water into the

atmosphere

The movement of water through the

earth and atmosphere

Ce) The variety in vegetation from moist

to dry climates

() The changes in rain and snowfall

throughout the seasons

41

DELTA’S KEY TO THE TOEFL® Test

42

43.Choose 2 answers

[Al It is stored in rivers and lakes

It causes changes in the climate

it penetrates the surface of the earth

[D] It lowers the temperature of the soil

44 Ca) The loss of trees would affect the cycle

Trees take large quantities of water from the cycle

Ce) The growth of trees draws water from the atmosphere

(> More water is stored in trees than in lakes

45 As precipitation

Cs) As water vapor

Ce) As rain

©) As springs

46 CA) To list the major problems in the economy

To describe some effects of inflation

Ce) To explain why bread prices increase

(> To classify the types of inflation

47 CA) To compare prices of different kinds

of bread

Cf)

To illustrate the effect of price changes

To define standard of living

(2) To explain social and political turmoil

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REVIEW TEST

Pvt it 1 i1 1 1

48.CA The government regulates the economy 50 CA) Moderate inflation

Ce) Workers lose their jobs if they buy Ce) Hyperinflation

PB) People must work longer to buy the

same things

49.CA) The same money buys fewer things

CB The employee might lose his or her job

Cc) The high price of bread means many

people are hungry

(®) The crime rate goes up

This is the end of the Listening Comprehension Review Test

| (STOP TAPE)

Answers to the Listening Comprehension Review Test are on page 636

The Structure section of the TOEFL measures your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for

standard written English The language in this section is more formal than the conversational language

in the Listening section The topics usually relate to academic subjects

Vocabulary is not directly tested in the Structure section, but knowledge of vocabulary and word forms

makes it easier to answer many of the questions

{THE PAPER-BASED TEST

The paper-based TOEFL will continue to be administered in certain parts of the world and by certain

educational institutions in North America

There are 40 questions in the Structure section of the paper test You have 25 minutes to complete this

section This time includes your reading of the directions

QUESTION TYPES ON THE PAPER TEST

There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type:

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Question Type | — Complete the Sentence (15 questions)

In the first type of question, you will see an incomplete sentence Beneath the sentence, you will see

four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D) You must choose the one word or phrase that

best completes the sentence Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in

the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen

Question type 1 will look like this:

Although Chicago is not - New York, it has many attractions for visitors

(A) _ as large as

(B) larger

(C) larger city

(D) | the larger city is

The sentence should read, Although Chicago is not as large as New York, it has many attractions for

visitors Therefore, you should choose (A)

Question Type 2 — Identify the Error (25 questions)

In the second type of question, you must recognize the error in a sentence You will see a sentence with

four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D You must choose the one underlined word or

phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct In other words, you are looking for the part

of the sentence that is incorrect

Question type 2 will look like this:

Guglielmo Marconi, the son of a wealthy Italian landowner, made the first

successfully transmission using radio waves

The sentence should read, Guglielmo Marconi, the son of a wealthy Italian landowner, made the first

successful transmission using radio waves Therefore, you should choose (C)

STRUCTURE

THE COMPUTER-BASED TEST

The Structure section of the computerized TOEFL is computer-adaptive This means that the computer will

give you test questions that are aimed at your ability level

How does the computer—adaptive test work? The first question will be of average difficulty

“na If you answer it correctly, the computer will then give you a slightly harder question

°~e If you answer it incorrectly, the computer will then give you an easier question

The second question will match your performance on the first question In other words, the computer adapts

the questions to your ability level

You will be able to change your answer as many times as you like—until you confirm your answer When

you confirm your answer, the computer will give you the next question

The computer will give you one question at a time

You will not be allowed to go back to a previous question This is because the answer you give helps the

computer determine the difficulty level of your next question

There are 20 to 25 questions in the Structure section of the computer test You have 15 to 20 minutes to

complete this section

QUESTION TYPES ON THE COMPUTER TEST

There are two types of questions in this section The two question types will be mixed up randomly You

must be able to quickly recognize the two different types because they ask you to do different things

Question Type 1 — Complete the Sentence

In the first type of question, you will see a sentence with a blank space where part of the sentence is

missing Beneath each sentence, there are four words or phrases You must choose the one word or

phrase that best completes the sentence In other words, you are looking for the correct answer

For question type 1, the computer screen will look like this:

ệ Directions: Click on the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence lì

Although Chicago is not New York, it

has many attractions for visitors

as large as larger larger city the larger city is

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visitors Therefore, you should click on the oval next to as large as, the first answer choice

When you click on the oval next to one of the answer choices, the oval will darken To change your

answer, click on a different oval

When you are satisfied that you have chosen the right answer, click on Next Then click on Confirm

Answer When you do this, the computer will present the next question

Question Type 2 — Identify the Error

In the second type of question, you will see a sentence with four underlined words or phrases You must

choose the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct In other

words, you are looking for the part of the sentence that is incorrect

For question type 2, the computer screen will look like this:

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Directions: Click on the one underlined word or phrase that must

be changed for the sentence to be correct

Guglielmo Marconi, the son of a wealthy Italian

landowner, made the first successfully transmission

using radio waves

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8 ee ee “Eee

ae c đ ni TH 2 a Set

The sentence should read, Guglielmo Marconi, the son of a wealthy Italian landowner, made the first

successful transmission using radio waves Therefore, you should click on the word successfully

When you click on one of the underlined answer choices, that word or phrase will darken To change

your answer, click on a different word or phrase

When you are satisfied that you have chosen the right answer, click on Next Then click on Confirm

Answer When you do this, the computer will present the next question

STRUCTURE

g STRATEGIES FOR THE STRUCTURE SECTION

Pace Yourself

2 Pay attention to the number of questions and the amount of time you have during the test You

have approximately 40 seconds to spend on each question, on both the paper test and the computer

test Use your time wisely Do not spend too much time on a single question When you take the

quizzes in this book, time yourself This will give you a good idea of how to pace yourself during

the test

® Ôn the computer test, you must answer each question in this section before you can move on to

the next question You cannot skip questions If you are not sure of the answer, eliminate the

choices that you know are incorrect Then, guess! Confirm your answer only when you are

certain you are ready to move on to the next question

Concentrate

<2 Think only of the question you are currently working on On the computer test, once you have

moved on to the next question, forget the previous questions You cannot go back and change

them

Follow Directions

&.¢ Make sure you understand exactly what you are being asked to do Are you choosing the correct

answer to complete the sentence, or are you choosing the one word or phrase that is incorrect?

Remember to change tactics for the two different types of questions

Identify the Problem

& For question type 1, ask yourself, “What does this sentence need?” Read the whole sentence

carefully and thoroughly Read all of the answer choices Only one of the choices is correct

®„ For question type 2, ask yourself, “What is wrong with this sentence?” Only one of the underlined

parts is incorrect Look at the rest of the sentence for clues to help you find the error Many of the

errors are incorrect because of their relationship to parts of the sentence that are not underlined

& Remember, for question type 2, you do not have to correct the incorrect part of the sentence!

You only have to identify it The incorrect part will always be one of the four underlined words

or phrases

®„ Try to identify the grammar point being tested in each question Look for subjects and verbs in

each clause of the sentence Look for agreement among the various parts of the sentence Notice

any incorrect word forms

Know the Tricks

®„ Be familiar with the various ways the TOEFL items try to trick you This book gives you practice

in noticing some of the common tricks in the Structure section of the TOEFL

GRAMMAR CATEGORIES ON THE TEST

On the paper test, the content of the 40 questions in the Structure section is distributed over several

grammar categories, as shown below The computer test covers the same content, however, since

there are fewer items on the computer test, the number for each category will be slightly lower

Equatives, Comparatives, Superlatives 2

STRUCTURE

142

OVERVIEW OF THIS SECTION

21 Checking Subjectfs and Objects 143

2.2 Recognizing AppOSIVۤS uc QQ HQ Q Q HT HH nu vo 149 243 Checking Plurals Q.0 nu 153

24 Checking Articles vu Q Qua 160 Quiz | — 2.1 through 2 Qua 167 2.5 Checking Verbs and AuxIlHiarieS cu 169

2.6 Recognizing Passives 6.0 ccc eee eee eee ans 177 Quiz 2 ~ 2.5 through 2.6.0.0 ccc ccc cece ces 184 2.7 Checking Inũnitives and Gerunds 186

2.8 Recognizing Main and Subordinate Clauses 194

Quiz 3 — 2.7 through 2.8 co 200

Quiz 4— 2.1 through 2.8.0.0 ccc eee 202 2.9 Recognizing Noun Clauses 205

2.10 Recognizing Adjective Clauses and Phrases 211

Quiz 5 — 2.9 through 2.10 ccc 219 21 Recognizing Adverb Clauses and Phrases 221

2.12 Recognizing Conditionals 227

2.13 Recogmzing Inverted Subjects and Verbs 233

Quiz 6 — 2.11 through 2.3 238

2.14 Checking Subjec£—Verb Agreement 240

2.15 Checking Pronoun ÀAgreement 248

Quiz 7 — 2.14 through 2.15 2 n ees 254 Quiz 8 ~ 2.1 through 2.15 22 ec cc eee eee ees 256 2.16 Checking Adjective Word Order 259

2.17 Checking Participial AdjeCtVeS Ốc cu 264

2.18 Checking Negative Modifiers 268

2.19 Checking Equatives, Comparatives, and Superlafives 273

Quiz 9 — 2.16 through 2.Í9 279

2.20 Checking ConjuncfOnS nu nu 281 2.21 Checking Prepositions Ố 287

Quiz 10 — 2.20 through 2.2] Q.2 295 Quiz 11 — 2.16 through 2./21 297

2.22 Checking Word Form Qua 300 2.23 Checking Word Choice 0 eee ccc c ee eee eeees 306 2.24 Recognizing Redundancy cu 314

Quiz 12 — 2.22 through2.24 318

2.25 Recognizing Parallel Structure cu 320

Quiz 13 — 2.22 through 2.25 2.0 cee ee eee ee 326

Structure Review Test 2.0.00 cece ccc een e neces 331

De.ta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test