If other people are willing to make and use machines for my benefit, and they seem willing and eager to do so, I am not less willing to let them do so.. If other people are willing to ma
Trang 1UNIT 4: COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATION
Exercise 1 Explain the semantic relationship between the two coordinate clauses of each of
the following sentences, and make the relationship explicit by adding an adverbial:
1 I often see men who went to school with me and who have done well for themselves
2 I am a professional man of letters and a typewriter is essential to my work
3 If other people are willing to make and use machines for my benefit, and they seem willing and eager to do so, I am not less willing to let them do so
4 These sharks are very dangerous, and they have never attacked me so far
5 Lay a hand on me and I’ll scream
6 A coral reef is a flower garden of stone, and it is filled with the most colour-ful varieties
of life
7 Another prospect remains to be considered and that is a combination of bridge and tube
or tunnel
8 Now that our son is able to walk, we lay ladders flat instead of leaving them propped up against things; and we shut the garden gate
9 Man is the only animal that tortures its own species for amusement; and during much of his evolution he has been busily engaged in ruining his own habitat
10 Japan’s position on the edge of the monsoon region has made highly productive rice cultivation possible, and the Japanese island are surrounded by rich fishing grounds
Suggested answers for exercise 1
1 (and who) subsequently 2 (is) therefore 3 (and) indeed 4 (and) yet 5 (and) then or if
you do 6 (and) moreover 7 (that), namely 8 (and we) also 9 (and) furthermore 10 (and)
at the same time
Exercise 2 Combine each of the following pairs of simple sentence so as to form one sentence
containing EITHER both… and OR either … or OR neither … nor OR no (t) … but OR not
only … but also:
Trang 21 Sometimes my old school friends nod a quick greeting and walk on when they see me Sometimes they avert their eyes to a shop window
2 George shouted a friendly greeting to me Then he came over and shook me warmly by the hand
3 The fire destroyed St Paul’s Cathedral It also destroyed the Guildhall
4 The primitive fire engines had no effect on the conflagration Furthermore, pulling down half-timbered buildings in the path of the fire had no result whatever
5 In 1666 fire-fighters set up fire-posts with communications between them The same thing was done in 1940
6 The city was not abandoned after the fire of 1666 It was not abandoned after the fires of
1940
7 I have given up using a telephone What is more, I have given my typewriter away
8 I have no objection to other people driving cars I refuse to drive one myself
9 Is a shark comes towards you, you must not to show fear You must not dart away when one comes into view either
10 Some zoologists thought the strange creature was a rorqual Other zoologists thought it was a giant squid
Suggested answers for exercise 2
1 Either my old school friends , or they avert 2 George not only shouted but he also came 3 The fire destroyed both and 4 Neither the primitive fire-engines had any effect , nor did pulling down have any result whatever 5 Both in 1666 in 1940 fire-fighters 6 The city was abandoned neither after the fire of 1666 nor after 7 I have both give up and given my typewriter away 8 I have no objection , but I refuse 9 you must neither show fear nor dart away Zoologists thought the strange creature was either a or a
Exercise 3 Rewrite the following sentences omitting whatever can be ellipted without change
of meaning:
1 When you are in Rome, do as Rome does
Trang 32 When he was pressed to take part in politics, he firmly declined
3 There were no stores of boots that were readily available
4 He threw himself from his horse and lay still as if he had been shot
5 Any foreigner, however innocent he might be, was attacked
6 If you were left alone on a desert island, what would you do first?
7 If other people are willing to make and use machines for my benefit Ia ma not less willing
to let them make and use machines for my benefit
8 I do not wish to take part in this protest, and I do not intend to take part in it
9 Unless you are travelling by the coach, please let the Secretary know when you expect to arrive
10 The castle, which was built in the twelfth century, has dominated the valley ever since
11 Much of the earth’s surface is formed by sedimentary rocks that is to say, rocks which were formed by the deposition of sand , silt and clay
12 Our atmosphere, while it is beneficial for life in general, prevents us from seeing the universe in any but a very restricted range of light
Suggested answers for exercise 3
Omit: 1 you are 2 he was 3 that were 4 he had been 5 he might be 6 you were 7 the
last seven words 8 the second 1; and take part in it 9 you are 10 which was 11 rocks
which were formed 12 it is
Exercise 4 Rewrite the following sentences omitting whatever can be ellipted without change
of meaning:
1 The Chinese are as interested in food as are the French, and the Chinese go to immense trouble to see that it is properly cooked
2 The Cantonese have developed an astonishing variety in their cooking and they have brought the preparation of sharksfin soup to an exceedingly fine art
3 Chinese food has to be served in small pieces, it has to be picked up little by little with chopsticks and it has to be eaten slowly
Trang 44 Rice is generally eaten in the south of the country, but wheat is generally eaten in the north
5 The meat and vegetables are cut up very small in the kitchen, they are cooked in a large iron bow, and they are served hot
6 Fat is used for cooking in northern Europe, but oil is used for cooking in China
7 Szechuan is the best place for chillies and Canton is the best place for stuffed snails
8 The Chinese eat their food with chopsticks, the Europeans eat their food with knives and forks
9 European marriages are often celebrated with champagne Chinese marriages are often celebrated with a meal of a least a dozen courses
10 A western-style dinner would not include bread on the menu, nor would a Chinese dinner include rice on the menu
11 Many people have been suffering from influenza and many people still are suffering from influenza
12 You say people have influenza two or three times a year, but they don’t really have influenza two or three times a year
13 During an epidemic many people seem to escape infection but they do not really escape infection
14 A young animal has to decide which of the things around it are to be eaten and which of the things around it are to be avoided
15 Some animals swallow highly dangerous objects, others instinctively avoid highly dangerous objects
16 The young animal is playing a game which can be very dangerous and often is very dangerous
17 The young animal is protected from danger by its parents, or is protected from danger by some mechanism built into its nervous system from the start
18 Some people require eight hours’ sleep a night, others are satisfied with six hours’ sleep
a night or less
Trang 519 We cannot give a formula for individual sleep requirements, nor can we give a reliable average of sleep requirements for different age groups
20 People who pride themselves on needing little sleep may imagine themselves more efficient than others, but in fact they often prove to be less efficient than others
Suggested answers for exercise 4
Omit: 1 the second occurrence of the Chinese 2 they have 3 both occurrences of it has to
be 4 the second is generally eaten 5 both occurrences of they are 6 the second is used for cooking 7 the second is the best place 8 the second eat their food 9 the second (marriages) are often celebrated 10 either the second include and the second on the menu, or the first on the menu, with a comma affer rice 11 the first from influenza , and the second people 12 the
last eight words 13 either the first infection or the second escape infection 14 the second of
the things around it 15 the first highly dangerous objects 16 the first very dangerous 17
the second is protected from danger 18 the second hours' sleep a night 19 of sleep
requirements 20 the last three words
Exercise 5 Classify the words underlined in the following sentences as either prepositions or
subordinators:
1 I am speaking to you as your doctor
2 You talk exactly as a doctor does
3 Since leaving school, I have travelled round the world
4 I haven’t been back to my old school since I came up to university
5 Since the beginning of the year, I haven’t written a single essay
6 Take two of the tablets before going to bed
7 Take two more before breakfast next morning
8 I will not go near her house until she sends me a written explanation
9 With so many people chatting, it was impossible to hear what the speaker was trying to say
10 I can’t work in a room with so many other people
Trang 611 He would never put himself out for anybody
12 For anybody to pretend such a thing is nonsense
Suggested answers for exercise 5
Ex 176 1 prep 2 sub 3 sub 4 sub 5 prep 6 sub 7 prep 8 sub 9 sub 10 prep 11 prep
12 sub