Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến công bố báo cáo phát triển bền vững tại các công ty kinh doanh xăng dầu trực thuộc tập đoàn xăng dầu việt nam TT TIENG ANH

LE ANH TUAN FACTORS AFFECTING ANNOUNCEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT IN OIL AND GAS TRADING COMPANY UNDER VIETNAM NATIONAL PETROLEUM GROUP Major : Accounting Code : 9340301 SUMMA

LE ANH TUAN

FACTORS AFFECTING ANNOUNCEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT IN OIL AND GAS TRADING COMPANY UNDER VIETNAM NATIONAL PETROLEUM GROUP

Major : Accounting Code : 9340301

SUMMARY OF THE THESIS

HO CHI MINH CITY – 2022

Professional advisor:

Asso.Prof., PhD Nguyen Xuan Hung

Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3:

The thesis will be presented to the Thesis Board at theUniversity of Economics Ho Chi Minh City

At………….hours…… day…….month………

year………

This Thesis can be found at the library of University ofEconomics Ho Chi Minh City

1 Tuan, L A., Hai, P T., Hung, N X., & Van Nhi, V (2019) Research on Factors Affecting the Disclosure

of Sustainable Development Report: Experimental at

Vietnam National Petroleum Group Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9(2), 232-242.

2 Tuan, L A., Toan, P N., & Hung, N X (2020) Study

the Factors Affecting the Presentation and Disclosure

of Sustainable Development Information of

Vietnamese Enterprises Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 24(1), 1G

3 Le Anh Tuan (2018) Theories related to publishing sustainability reports in enterprises Journal of Accounting and Auditing, No 7, 53-56.

4 Le Anh Tuan, Nguyen Xuan Hung (2019).

Implementation of sustainable development reports

publication at Petrolimex enterprises Financial Magazine, No 706, period 1, June, 96-99.

1 The necessity of the subject

Over the past two decades, the concept of sustainability orsustainable development has received much attention globally,especially in developed countries Van Marrewijk (2003) givesthe following definition, sustainable development includessocial and environmental concerns in business operations andinteractions with stakeholders Although definitions are stateddifferently based on different points of view, there is a generalconsensus that in order to assess what an enterprise is doing forits own sustainable development, it is necessary to measurethem (Ozdemir et al., 2011) Stakeholders are increasinglydemanding disclosure of not only economic performanceinformation, but also information about how the firm's practicesaffect the environment and society (Waddock, 2003) ).Vietnam National Petroleum Group is an enterprise with manymember units operating in the field of petroleum business withabout 60 member companies The impact of the petroleumbusiness on the environment is great, but the control of issuessuch as emission control, air pollution, water pollution, etc isstill inadequate Starting from 2018, Vietnam NationalPetroleum Group has published its Sustainable DevelopmentReport in parallel with the financial statement, which showsthat corporate managers have begun to pay more attention to the

"vacancy gap" "In terms of providing information related toenvironment and society, but the published indicator system isnot really reasonable, the quality of published information isstill limited Derived from the necessary requirements andreasons Objectively mentioned above, the author decided tochoose the research topic "Factors affecting the publication ofsustainable development reports at petroleum tradingcompanies of Vietnam National Petroleum Group"

2 Research objective and Research questions

2.1 Research objective

Overall goal

Studying the influence of factors on the publication ofsustainable development reports at petroleum companies ofVietnam National Petroleum Group with the perspective ofmanagers at the company

Specific goals

1 Determining the factors affecting the publication ofsustainable development reports at petroleum tradingcompanies under the Group from the perspective of managers atthe company

2 Measuring the influence of factors on the publication ofsustainable development reports at petroleum companies underthe Vietnam National Petroleum Group

2.2 Research questions

To achieve the goals set out by the thesis, it is necessary tosatisfactorily answer the following research questions:

Question 1 What factors affect the publication of sustainable

development reports in petroleum trading companies ofVietnam National Petroleum Group?

Question 2 How is the impact of each factor on the report of

sustainable development report in the petroleum companies ofVietnam National Petroleum Group?

3 Subjects and Scope of the research

3.1 Research subjects

Publishing sustainable development reports and factorsinfluencing disclosure of sustainable development reports

3.2 The scope of research

- The spatial research scope of the thesis is petroleum tradingcompanies under the Vietnam National Petroleum Group

- The scope of the thesis research is 4 years from 2017 to 2020

at a petroleum trading company affiliated to the VietnamNational Petroleum Group

4 Research methodology

The method used by the author in the thesis is a mixed researchmethod, combining qualitative and quantitative researchmethods, specifically through the following stages:

Phase 1 The author used qualitative research methods toachieve two objectives: (1) determine the factors affecting thepublication of sustainable development reports at petroleumtrading companies in the group Vietnam petroleum group; (2)complete the scale of publication of the SustainableDevelopment Report and the scale of factors affecting thepublication of the Sustainable Development Report To achievethis goal, the author has synthesized theoretical basis, previousoutstanding studies plus expert interview techniques.Specifically, the author selects outstanding studies related tosustainable development reports and publishes sustainabledevelopment reports, including evaluation studies based on theperceptions of business managers, in reputable journals credit(ranked in the Scimajor and Web of science categories) Based

on the synthesis of these documents, the author evaluates andprovides the factors that are suitable for the research model inpetroleum trading enterprises Not stopping there, the authorbuilds an expert survey questionnaire that includes two maingroups: a group of academic experts and a group of experts whohave been doing practical work and are knowledgeable aboutthe publication of financial statements and reports report onsustainable development at enterprises in the petroleum sector

At the end of this period, the author forms a preliminarytheoretical research model and presuppositions Then, the

author conducts preliminary research to assess the reliability ofthe scale and set up a formal survey questionnaire.

Phase 2 The author uses quantitative research methods, tosolve the following objectives: Measuring the influence offactors on the publication of sustainable development reports atpetroleum trading companies under the Petroleum Group.Vietnam The author has built the survey; conduct surveys andcollect data from the surveyed subjects, the survey subjectsselected by the author are the members of the board ofdirectors, chief accountant or in charge of accounting atmember companies The reason the author chooses the abovesubjects is because each petroleum trading company belongs tothe group with different assets, revenue, geographical locationand market size After that, the author uses the quantitativesoftware SPSS, AMOS to process the data in order to giveresults on the influence of the factors in the proposed researchmodel to the publication of sustainable development reports incompanies petroleum business under the Vietnam NationalPetroleum Group Specifically, the author uses the technique ofanalyzing the reliability of the scale according to the CronbachAlpha coefficient and analyzing the EFA factor Then, theauthor used the technique of Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) The author uses the most complex and flexibletechnique used to analyze complex relationships in the causalmodel, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) network model

in the next step Finally, the author conducts bootstrap test toretest the model, an alternative resampling method in which theoriginal sample plays the role of the crowd

5 The thesis’ contribution

5.1 In terms of reasoning, academic

Firstly, the author has read and distilled from many scientificworks tending to in-depth research on sustainable development

reports from the 80s of the last century to the present On thatbasis, the author found that previous studies have only analyzedthe influence of factors directly on the publication ofsustainable development reports through regression analysistechniques with the use of data secondary data collected fromreports, there have not been many empirical studies based onprimary data to evaluate this issue based on the perceptions ofmanagers This is considered a difference and a new point ofthe thesis to better explain the issue of publishing sustainabledevelopment reports in enterprises in developing countries.Second, in this study, the author argued and built morerelationships in the new research model By adding the indirectrelationship of the factors affecting the publication of theSustainable Development Report through the intermediaryfactor, that is the profitability factor; use complex techniques toanalyze complex relationships in SEM models.

Third, the scale of the dependent variable is built to collectprimary data instead of secondary data like previous studies.This has been argued by the author based on recent studieswhose results suggest that, in order to evaluate the publication

of sustainable development reports in enterprises in the group

of developing countries, it should be based on the perception ofinvestors management through primary data due to certainlimitations, should not rely solely on indexes and information

on the Sustainable Development Report as well as secondarydata from related reports

Fourth, the author argued, built a scale of the factors of businesssize, profitability, growth opportunities, according to the 5-levelLikert scale, using primary data instead of data secondary data

as in previous studies; This leads to more objective and reliabledata collection in the context that the activities of memberpetroleum trading companies are completely dependent on the

Vietnam National Petroleum Group Besides, based on expertopinion, the author also adjusted some scales in the remainingfactors.

5.2 In term of practicality

The thesis intends to research is a document that contributes tothe study and application of management accounting in general,sustainable development accounting and publication ofsustainable development reports in particular to enterprisesoperating in the petroleum business field of large scale big.The petroleum business is one of the sensitive commodities thatgreatly affects many aspects of life (economic, environmentaland social) Through the results of this study, the author wants

to show business managers in the field of petroleum trading, atpetroleum trading companies under the Vietnam NationalPetroleum Group, to be aware of the influence and importance

of this study for the publication of business performanceindicators through the report on sustainable development

In addition, the author hopes that through the contents of thethesis on the issue of sustainable development, it will help statemanagement agencies have a clear orientation on promulgating

an institutional framework towards mandatory publication ofreports Sustainable development for businesses whoseactivities have a great impact on society and the environment.Finally, the content of the thesis covers in a general andscientific way the study of factors affecting the publication ofsustainable development reports from the perspective ofmanagers at companies operating in the petroleum sector oil.This can be a useful document, serving the audience who areresearchers or lecturers teaching on this subject

6 Structure of the thesis

The main content of the thesis with a layout of 5 chapters ispresented with the main content as follows:

Chapter 1: Research overview.

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis

Chapter 3: Research methodology

Chapter 4: Research results and discussion

Chapter 5: Conclusions and policy implications.

CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH OVERVIEW

2002 But besides the fact that countries consider it aninevitable trend, some enterprises in countries such as Norway,Denmark, etc are trending slowed down in the disclosure ofinformation on the Sustainable Development Report Perrini, F.,

& Tencati, A (2006) researched on the relationship betweensustainable development and the interest of stakeholders asessential through the sustainable development reporting system.The content shows that the company's approach to sustainabledevelopment, i.e a company's ability to continue operating for

a long time, depends on the sustainability of the relationshipbetween stakeholders Renard et al (2013) presented the issuethat some companies have committed to share informationrelated to environmental, social and governance activities, inorder to meet the higher demand for transparency throughinformation information from interested parties Vinal Mistry

et al (2014) examine the role of the management accountingsystem in aiming for sustainable development in theirorganizations This article highlights the role of trainingmanagement accountants in large-scale enterprises when aimingfor sustainable development Author Rezaee (2016) hassynthesized a study from theories and integrated them toexplain the implementation of sustainable developmentaccounting related to business activities in which accountingplays a very important role Up to the present time, according tothe author's research, the research of (Lamberton, 2005) hassynthesized many outstanding research papers on accountingrelated to the report of sustainable development, from which theauthor has established discuss and form from a personal point

of view the components of the sustainable developmentaccounting system that are: (1) the objective of sustainabledevelopment accounting; (2) Basic principles of sustainabledevelopment accounting; (3) Data collection techniques, datameasurement; (4) sustainability reporting and (5) qualitativeattributes of sustainability accounting information Alazzani,Wan-Hussin (2013) refer to the review and use of a voluntarystandard assessment system to report information on productionand business activities affecting the environment at eightpetroleum companies big in the world Roger L Burritt, StefanSchaltegger, (2010) tries to synthesize and evaluate the recentliterature related to the relationship between accounting andsustainable development reporting, the author gives twodirections Firstly, Accounting towards sustainabledevelopment is a temporary fad and will gradually disappearover time Second, the author realizes the importance ofdecision-making from the company's managers as a toolkit toprovide information and support for managers towardssustainable development

An overview study on the perception of business leaders on theissue of sustainable development reporting in developingcountries was presented by Tauringana (2020) This study takes

an approach using a review of research papers based on themanagement's perception of the determinants of the SustainableDevelopment Report The findings of Tauringana (2020)contribute to the call to make academic research more relevant

to policy formulation In particular, the research proposalneeded to inform the application of evidence-based practiceresearch is perceived by regulators to address the challenges ofsustainable development reporting in developing countries

1.1.2 Domestic studies

Ha Huy Thanh et al (2007) with the title SustainableDevelopment from concept to action The topic has outlined thebasic contents of sustainable development; the process offormation and development of concepts, frameworks, actionplans and targets related to sustainable development of theUnited Nations and other countries; region of the world.Nguyen Huu So (2009) raised a number of theoretical issuesabout sustainable economic development in line with moderntrends and perspectives, and addressed the practice ofaccounting development towards sustainability; point out thepositive and negative results in the implementation of theSustainable Development Goals on the basis of assessing andanalyzing the current economic situation in Vietnam since ourcountry followed the new economic model; From there, theauthor proposes some solutions to ensure development towardssustainable economic development in the coming time inVietnam Huynh Duc Long (2016) presented both the theoryand the actual situation of environmental accounting application

in the leading developed countries in the world such as theUnited States, Germany, Japan and Korea from which to draw

conclusions lessons learned on the need to apply environmentalaccounting to Vietnam Pham Thi Hong Minh (2016)mentioned the role of sustainable development reports withVietnamese enterprises in the current context of deep and wideinternational integration The author analyzed the currentsituation of information disclosure related to the sustainabledevelopment of large companies and corporations in Vietnam.What sets of criteria and guidelines do these units apply todisclose information to the outside? Pham Thi Thanh Binh(2016), the author presented the criteria for assessing thesustainable development of a specific enterprise and therebygave orientation for enterprises in Vietnam in particular andespecially the macro management of the authorities.

1.2 RESEARCH OVERVIEW OF FACTORS AFFECTING INFORMATION DISCLOSURE RELATED

of factors affecting the level of social and environmental

disclosure of companies in New Zealand The independentvariables that are tested to affect the dependent variable ofinformation disclosure related to environment and society are:(1) enterprise size, (2) profitability, (3) business lines, (4)country to which the enterprise provides the report Haniffa andCooke (2005) examine the influence of cultural and corporategovernance characteristics on CSR reporting of 139 non-financial companies listed on Malaysia's Kuala Lumpur StockExchange during the year 1996 and 2002 Content analysismethods were used to develop two categories: the number ofitems related to corporate social reports disclosed; and thelength and number of sentences disclosed in these companies'social responsibility reports Branco and Rodrigues (2008)conducted a study with the aim of comparing disclosures via theInternet versus normal annual disclosures to investigate whatfactors influence the level of disclosure CSR reports at 49companies listed on the Euronext Lisbon market in 2003, theresults show that firm size is an important determinant of CSRreporting disclosure, media visibility Information is only animportant feature for annual disclosure and financial leveragehas a negative effect on the disclosure of CSR reports throughthe website while the trend towards profitability has only apositive effect product and consumer disclosure Tagesson et

al (2009) explained the extent and content of CSR disclosure

on official corporate websites by 169 companies on theStockholm Stock Exchange and all international corporations.business in 2007 The CSR disclosures on the company'swebsite are divided into three aspects, namely environmentaldisclosures, ethical disclosures, and human resource disclosuresbased on research and organization previous position Thefindings show a positive correlation between firm size andprofitability for CSR reporting on corporate websites In

addition, state-owned corporations disclose more CSRinformation on their websites than private corporations, whilethere are significant differences between industry and companycharacteristics Said et al (2009) aimed to test the extent ofCSR reporting disclosure for corporate governancecharacteristics focusing on 150 Malaysian listed publiccompanies as of 2006 Based on analysis In a regressionanalysis, the results showed that the government ownershipfactor and audit guidelines determine the level of CSR reportingdisclosure Reverte (2009) examined the determinants of CSRdisclosure by companies listed on the Madrid Stock Exchangeand included in the IBEX35 index in 2005 and 2006 Based onlinear regression model The results show that the determiningfactors for the publication of CSR reports are ranked indescending order of visibility in the media, the size of thebusiness and the type of industry in which the businessoperates Khan (2010) with a study of 30 Bangladeshi privatecommercial banks, investigated the influence of corporategovernance characteristics on the level of CSR reportingdisclosure in the period 2007-2008 The results show that firmsize, profitability, the absence of a company's chief executiveofficer and the existence of foreign nationals on the board ofdirectors have positive implications for the level of corporategovernance publish the CSR report Jennifer Ho and Taylor(2007) examined the factors that determine the level of CSRdisclosure of the 50 largest companies in the US and Japan inearly 2003 The construction of the CSR disclosure index isbased on The 20 disclosure items inherit previous empiricalstudies Based on multiple regression models, the results showthat firms with larger size, lower profitability, lower liquidityand lower number of employees are important determinants ofthe degree of publish the CSR report In addition, the level of

CSR reporting is higher for Japanese companies than forcompanies in the US, in which environmental disclosure is themost important aspect due to differences in national cultures,other legal and institutional environment factors between theUnited States and Japan Rahman et al (2011) investigated therelationship between corporate characteristics to CSR reporting

of 44 government-affiliated companies listed on the Malaysianstock exchange in 2005 and 2006 The results based on multiplelinear regression analysis have illustrated that only the firm sizefactor is positively related to the disclosure index on the CSRreport José V Frias-Aceituno, Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza andIsabel M Garcia-Sánchez (2012) Through the research results,the author of the article has shown that there are five mainfactors affecting the preparation and publication of theSustainable Development Report: (1) Enterprise size; (2)Profitability; (3) Business fields; (4) Industry position; (5)Growth opportunities, the author points out that the informationtransparency policy of an enterprise is a specific factor affectingthe growth benefits of that enterprise Isabel Gallego-AlvarezIvo Alexandre Quina-Custodio (2016) The results of this studyonce again confirm that the factor of enterprise size affects thepublication of CSR reports, in addition, the business leveragefactor as well as the legal system and the sustainability index ofDow Jones have a strong impact from the above order to thepublication of the CSR report

To see more clearly the overview of research documents related

to the issue of sustainable development through different stages.The author mentions some more prominent studies Hahn &Kühnen (2013) reviewed 178 publications for the period from1999-2011, thereby noting the "waves" through each periodrelated to the change of GRI versions To illustrate the currentstate of the literature review, then specifically address the