BÁO CÁO THỰC HÀNH NGHỀ NGHIỆP 2 NGHIÊN CỨU SỰ CHẤP NHẬN INTERNET VẠN VẬT KẾT NỐI (iot) CỦA GEN z

This research topic analyzes the IoT acceptance of young people based on the models of previous studies and theoretical models including the Technology Acceptance Model TAM, the Technolo

BỘ TÀI CHÍNH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÀI CHÍNH – MARKETING

KHOA MARKETING -� -

Họ và tên nhóm sinh viên:

1 Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thảo (nhóm trưởng)

2 Nguyễn Hiền Thảo

3 Nguyễn Thanh Thiên

4 Phạm Ngọc Hoàng Thạch

BÁO CÁO THỰC HÀNH NGHỀ NGHIỆP 2

NGHIÊN CỨU SỰ CHẤP NHẬN INTERNET VẠN VẬT

KẾT NỐI (IoT) CỦA GEN Z

Ngành: MARKETING Chuyên ngành: QUẢN TRỊ MARKETING

BỘ TÀI CHÍNH

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÀI CHÍNH – MARKETING

-� -BÁO THỰC HÀNH NGHỀ NGHIỆP 2 NGHIÊN CỨU SỰ CHẤP NHẬN INTERNET VẠN VẬT

KẾT NỐI (IoT) CỦA GEN Z

Ngành: MARKETING Chuyên ngành: QUẢN TRỊ MARKETING

Nhóm sinh viên thực hiện:

1 Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thảo – 1821003851 – CLC18DMA03

2 Nguyễn Hiền Thảo – 1821003847 – CLC18DMA03

3 Nguyễn Thanh Thiên – 1821003836 – CLC18DMA03

4 Phạm Ngọc Hoàng Thạch – 1821003833 – CLC18DMA03

Giảng viên hướng dẫn: Ths Nguyễn Thị Minh Ngọc

NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN

Họ và tên sinh viên: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thảo MSSV:1821003851

Phạm Ngọc Hoàng Thạch MSSV:1821003833

(Phần này dành cho GV hướng dẫn trực tiếp ghi nhận xét về SV thực tập nghề nghiệp)

COMMITMENTThe authors hereby declare that: The project "Research on the acceptance of the Internet of Things (IoT) of Gen Z" is conducted publicly, based on the hard work and efforts of the group of

authors The research project received enthusiastic guidance and help from the instructors in

particular and all staff and lecturers of the University of Finance and Marketing in general

The data and research results in the topic are honest and absolutely not copied from other related studies If it is discovered that there is a copy, the author's team will take full responsibility

Group of authors

In the process of conceptualizing, implementing and completing the scientific research

project "Research on the acceptance of the Internet of Things (IoT) of Gen Z", the research team received the support, help as well as concern and encouragement from instructors The group of authors has edited and completed their scientific research paper based on the reference and learning experiences from related research results on basic theoretical models, specialized books and

newspapers of many authors at universities, IoT-related reports from research organizations, politicalorganizations, reports on the current state of IoT She helped , encouraged and created conditions for the group of authors to best complete their research paper

First of all, the authors would like to express deep gratitude to Mrs Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc the person who directly guides the scientific research paper and has always spent a lot of time and effort to orient, edit and give the suggestions so that the research team has the right direction to complete the research

-The research team would also like to thank the Board of Directors of the University of

Finance and Marketing and all the teachers working in the school for their dedication to impart valuable knowledge and help the authors during their studies, specialized training and research

Despite many efforts, from the perspective that students have not completed all their

specialized knowledge and have not had depth in research experience, the mistakes of the research team are inevitable The research team hopes that teachers, experts, people who are interested in the topic, continue to have comments and help us to improve the topic

Once again, the team sincerely thanks!!

Group of authors

MỤC LỤC

CHƯƠNG 1: MỞ ĐẦU 1

1.1 LÝ DO THỰC HIỆN ĐỀ TÀI 1

1.2 MỤC TIÊU NGHIÊN CỨU 2

1.3 ĐỐI TƯỢNG VÀ PHẠM VI NGHIÊN CỨU 2

1.3.1 Đối tượng nghiên cứu 2

1.3.2 Phạm vi nghiên cứu 2

1.4 PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 3

1.5 NHỮNG ĐÓNG GÓP MỚI CỦA ĐỀ TÀI 3

1.6 KẾT CẤU CỦA ĐỀ TÀI 4

CHƯƠNG 2: CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT VÀ MÔ HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 5

2.1 GIẢI THÍCH MỘT SỐ KHÁI NIỆM LIÊN QUAN 5

2.1.1 Internet of Things (IoT) 5

2.1.2 Sự chấp nhận công nghệ 5

2.1.3 Ứng dụng của IoT 5

2.1.4 Gen Z 6 2.2 TỔNG QUAN LÝ THUYẾT 6

2.2.1 M ô hình chấp nhận công nghệ hay còn gọi là mô hình TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) 6

2.2.2 M ô hình chấp nhận và sử dụng công nghệ hay còn gọi là mô hình UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) 7

2.3 CÁC NGHIÊN CỨU THỰC HIỆN TRƯỚC ĐÂY 10

2.3.1.Nghiên cứu của nhóm tác giả Adai Almomani, Moamin A Mahmoud và Mohd Sharifuddin Ahmad 10

2.3.2 N ghiên cứu của nhóm tác giả Yu-Sheng Kao, Kazumitsu Nawata và Chi-Yo Huang (2019) 11

2.3.3 Nghiên cứu của tác giả Mącik và Radosław (2017) 13

2.3.4 Nghiên cứu của nhóm tác giả Maria Tsourela and Dafni-Maria Nerantzaki (2020)14 2.3.5 Nghiên cứu của tác giả Lulwah AlSuwaidan và Nuha Almegren 16

2.3.6.Nghiên cứu cứu của nhóm tác giả Ebru BEYZA Bayarçelik and Hande Begüm Bumin Doyduk (October 2019) 17

2.4 MÔ HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỀ XUẤT VÀ GIẢ THUYẾT NGHIÊN CỨU 18

2.4.1 Mô hình nghiên cứu đề xuất 18

2.4.2 Giả thuyết nghiên cứu: 19

2.5 TÓM TẮT CHƯƠNG 2 22

CHƯƠNG 3: PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 23

3.1 QUY TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 23

3.1.1 Quy trình nghiên cứu sơ bộ 24

3.1.2 Quy trình nghiên cứu chính thức 24

3.2 THIẾT KẾ SƠ BỘ 25

3.2.1 Các bước nghiên cứu sơ bộ 25

3.2.2 Kết quả xây dựng thang đo nháp và thang đo sơ bộ 25

3.3 KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU CHỈNH THANG ĐO CHÍNH THỨC 30

3.4 NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỊNH LƯỢNG CHÍNH THỨC 32

3.4.1 Phương pháp lấy mẫu 32

3.4.2 Kích thước mẫu 32

3.4.3 Bảng khảo sát định lượng 32

3.4.4 Phương pháp thu thập và phân tích dữ liệu 33

3.5 TÓM TẮT CHƯƠNG 3 35

CHƯƠNG 4: KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU 36

4.1 THÔNG TIN VỀ MẪU 36

4.2 KẾT QUẢ THỐNG KÊ MẪU 36

4.2.1 Hiểu biết về thuật ngữ kết nối Bluetooth, mạng viễn thông (3G, 4G, 5G), wifi 36

4.2.2 Hiểu biết về thuật ngữ IoT chưa? 37

4.2.3 Giới tính 37 4.2.4 Nghề nghiệp 38

4.2.5 Thu nhập 38

4.3 ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐỘ TIN CẬY CỦA THANG ĐO CRONBACH’S ALPHA 39

4.3.1 Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá 39

4.3.2 Kết quả phân tích Cronbach’s Alpha 39

4.4 Phân tích nhân tố khám phá EFA 41

4.4.1 Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá 41

4.4.2 Kết quả phân tích 42

4.5 KIỂM ĐỊNH MÔ HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ CÁC GIẢ THUYẾT 46

4.5.2 Phân tích hồi quy 47

4.5.3 Kiểm định các giả thuyết 50

CHƯƠNG 5: KẾT LUẬN VÀ ĐỀ XUẤT 53

5.1 Tóm tắt các kết quả chính 53

5.2 Hàm ý quản trị 54

5.2.1 Ảnh hưởng xã hội 54

5.2.2 Niềm tin 54

5.2.3 Lợi ích bảo mật 55

5.2.4 Tính hữu dụng 55

5.3 Đề Xuất 56

5.3.1 Ảnh hưởng xã hội 56

5.3.2 Niềm tin 56

5.3.3 Lợi ích bảo mật 57

5.3.4 Tính hữu dụng 57

5.4 Các đóng góp của đề tài 58

5.4.1 Đóng góp về mặt lý thuyết 58

5.4.2 Đóng góp về mặt thực tiễn 58

5.5 Hạn chế và hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo 58

5.5.1 Nguyên nhân và hạn chế 58

5.5.2 Hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo 59

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 60

PHỤ LỤC 62

DANH MỤC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT

IoT : Internet of Things

TAM : Technology Acceptance Model

UTAU

T : Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of TechnologyCNTT : Công nghệ thông tin

PIIT : Pilates Intense Interval Training

IRM : Institute of Risk Management

CNTT : Công nghệ thông tin

DANH MỤC BẢNG

Bảng 3.1: Bảng quy trình nghiên cứu 23

Bảng 3.2: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố hữu dụng 26

Bảng 3.3: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố dễ sử dụng 27

Bảng 3.4: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố chi phí sử dụng 27

Bảng 3.5: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố ảnh hưởng xã hội 28

Bảng 3.6 Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố hiểu biết công nghê thông tin 28

Bảng 3.7: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố niềm tin 29

Bảng 3.8: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố riêng tư và bảo mật 29

Bảng 3.9: Thang đo nhận thức yếu tố hành vi sử dụng IoT 30

Bảng 3.10: Bảng kết quả phân tích Cronbach’s Alpha 31

Bảng 4.1: Hiểu biết về thuật ngữ kết nối Bluetooth, mạng viễn thông (3G,4G, 5G), wifi 36

Bảng 4.2: Biết đến thuật ngữ IoT 37

Bảng 4.3: Bảng thống kế giới tính 37

Bảng 4.4: Bảng thống kế nghề nghiệp 38

Bảng 4.5: Bảng thống kê thu nhập 38

Bảng 4.6: Bảng kết quả phân tích Cronbach’s Alpha 40

Bảng 4.7: Bảng liệt kê hệ số tải nhân tố ở phân tích EFA lần 1 42

Bảng 4.8: Kết quả phân tích tương quan Pearson 46

Bảng 4.9: Bảng phân tích các hệ số của các yếu tố độc lập trong hồi quy đa biến 47

DANH MỤC HÌNH

Hình 2.1 Mô hình chấp nhận công nghệ TAM 7

Hình 2.2: Mô hình chấp nhận và sử dụng công nghệ 8

Hình 2.3: Mô hình chấp nhận và sử dụng công nghệ mở rộng 9

Hình 2.4: Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc chấp nhận dịch vụ Internet of Things của khách hàng của các công ty viễn thông ở Jordan 11

Hình 2.5: Mô hình nghiên cứu của nhóm tác giả Yu-Sheng Kao, Kazumitsu Nawata và Chi-Yo Huang (2019) 12

Hình 2.6: Mô hình nghiên cứu sự chấp nhận Internet vạn vật của người tiêu dùng trẻ 13

Hình 2.7: Mô hình của nhóm tác giả Maria Tsourela and Dafni-Maria Nerantzaki (2020) 14

Hình 2.8: Mô hình xác thực việc áp dụng Internet of Things không đồng nhất với Blockchain (Bởi Lulwah AlSuwaidan vàNuha Almegren) 16

Hình 2.9: Mô hình chấp nhận IoT 17

Hình 2.10: Mô hình nghiên cứu đề xuất 19

Hình 3.1 Hình mô hình trình bày nội dung nghiên cứu sơ bộ 24

Hình 3.2: Mô hình trình bày nội dung nghiên cứu trong giai đoạn nghiên cứu chính thức 24

Hình 4.1 Hình mô hình hiệu chỉnh 45

CHƯƠNG 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. REASON FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TOPIC

Currently, Vietnam is one of the countries with an increasing percentage of Internet users, with the rate of 70% of the population by 2020 according to statistics of We are social and Hootsuite(We are social, Hootsuite, 2020) ) In the development flow of the Internet in Vietnam, one of the factors that is creating an amazing change in business activities is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology

“Internet of Things” is a concept that refers to the phenomenon of virtual and physical objectsconnecting together on the basis of the Internet infrastructure Thanks to the unlimited spread of space - time of the Internet, IoT has many potential opportunities for economic activities of

enterprises in particular and the national economy in general According to a forecast by McKinsey

& Company, by 2025 IoT will have a total impact potential ranging from $3.9 trillion to $11 trillion (McKinsey & Company, 2015) If exploiting resources from IoT, businesses will optimize business processes and reap many benefits

Another top concern from businesses is the young generation of consumers, specifically Gen

Z (10-25 years old) According to the general development trend of the world, Gen Z will be the main labor and consumer in the future, with Nielsen's prediction of up to 15 million people in

Vietnam by 2025 (Nielsen, 2018) Therefore, the application of IoT technology to research and servethis customer is an indispensable necessity of every business enterprise However, at present, there are not really many research papers on IoT for reference, more specifically, research on IoT from theperspective of today's young consumers

For that reason, the authors decided to choose the topic "Research on the acceptance of the Internet of Things (IoT) of Gen Z" With this research topic, the authors wish to contribute useful

references for business enterprises that intend to apply IoT to increase competition, operational efficiency or take care of business relationships customer-partner system in its business activities

This research topic analyzes the IoT acceptance of young people based on the models of previous studies and theoretical models including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Technology Acceptance and Usage Model technology (UTAUT) and the Extended Technology Use and Acceptance Model (UTAUT 2) Qualitative data collected from the survey will be processed using SPSS software

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study was carried out to achieve the following objectives:

Identifying factors affecting the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) by Gen Z

Measuring the influence of factors on the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) by Gen Z

As a reference for businesses that are inclined to invest in the field of Internet of Things (IoT)

or businesses that want to apply the Internet of Things (IoT) in operations to monitor activities and improve business quality Thereby helping businesses use IoT technology to manage human

resources, company data, improve work performance or enhance customer experience

1.3.1 Research subjects

Research object: The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) by Gen Z in Ho Chi Minh City.Data collection audience: Gen Z knows about the Internet of Things (IoT) The age of the surveyed subjects was from 10 years old to 25 years old

1.3.2 Research scope

- Spatial scope: The study was carried out within Ho Chi Minh City.

+ Primary data: Research topics on IoT and technology of some countries in the world such

as Arab, Turkey, Malaysia, etc

+ Secondary data: Ho Chi Minh City scope

- Scope of time: The process of conducting using mixed research methods, combining

qualitative and quantitative research and completing the project from March 22, 2021

to May 30, 2021

+ Secondary data: Collected in the period from 2015 to present

+ Primary data: The process of implementing and collecting data from April 17, 2021 to May

15, 2021

1.4 RESEARCH METHODS

The study used mainly the following methods: Qualitative research carried out by desk

research techniques and group discussions; Quantitative research is done through collecting researchdata by using questionnaires through direct interviews (Face to Face, Online Survey) and assessing reliability through scales

1.5. NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS

IoT is starting to grow significantly, as consumers, businesses, and governments as a whole realize the benefits of connecting devices to the Internet (Business Insider, 2014) IoT promises to increase efficiency in homes, cities, and workplaces by empowering users with control While earlierstudies have examined the technical issues of IoT technology implementation (Shang et al., 2012; Medaglia & Serbanati, 2010; Schlick et al., 2013), little has been spent attention to understanding the acceptance of IoT technologies from the point of view of individual consumers (Li & Wang, 2013) Furthermore, previous research has not investigated the impact of technological

characteristics, social context, and individual user characteristics on consumer acceptance of IoT technology (Gao & Bai, 2014)

Because of the urgency of development, the necessity of the Internet of Things, as well as the shortcomings that previous studies have not made, the new contribution of the topic focuses on the following two points:

Theoretically: after researching, looking up research documents and dissertations, we draw

the conclusion that currently in Vietnam, there is no research on the acceptance of the Internet of Things by consumers especially Gen Z There are a few research papers on this topic in the world, but it's only a small-scale study, with its own characteristics Moreover, due to the difference in social conditions, culture, society, awareness, of Vietnamese people also greatly affect their IoT acceptance We use the TAM (Davis, 1989) Technology Acceptance Model, the Technology

Acceptance and Use Model, or UTAUT (Venkatesh, 2003), the Extended Technology Use and Acceptance Model (Venkatesh, 2003) also called UTAUT 2 (2012, based on Venkatesh's UTAUT model) To serve as the basis for a theoretical model of factors affecting the acceptance of the

Internet of Things by young consumers

In terms of practice: In Vietnam, this is the first topic to study IoT in general and IoT

acceptance of Gen Z in particular, from the research results that can serve as a document basis for further activities In the future, to research and plan strategies to further strengthen the widespread application and development of the connected Internet of Things model in Vietnam

1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY

The study is divided into 5 chapters with the following titles:

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION The opening chapter presents the reason for implementing the topic, research objectives, objects, research scope, research methods and layout of the topic

Chapter 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH MODEL Introduction to theoretical concepts related to the research topic, theoretical overview Summary of previous studies From there, draw a research model on the acceptance of the internet of things (IoT) by young people

Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODS Presenting the research method and scale building process, how to evaluate and test the scale for the concepts in the model, test the model's suitability and test the hypothesized factors

Chapter 4: RESEARCH RESULTS Presenting the obtained results, including: presenting the collected data, evaluating and testing the scale, testing the suitability of the proposed model and the hypothesized factors

Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND PROPOSAL Summarizing the main results of the study, presenting proposals on the acceptance of the internet of things (IoT) by young people

CHƯƠNG 2: CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT VÀ MÔ HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 2.1.GIẢI THÍCH MỘT SỐ KHÁI NIỆM LIÊN QUAN

2.1.1 Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an integrated part of the future Internet that includesInternet developments and can be conceptually defined as a global dynamic networkinfrastructure with capabilities self-configuring based on standard communication andinteraction protocols, where tangible and virtual "things" have virtual personalities,properties, and identities, using intelligent and controlled interfaces seamlesslyintegrated into the information network In IoT, "intelligent things/objects" will becomeactive participants in business, information processes, and society, where they are enabled

to interact and communicate with each other with each other and with the environment

by exchanging data and "perceived" information about the environment, automaticallyreacting to "physical/real world" events, and influencing it by performing the process oftriggering actions and creating services with or without direct human intervention

- Wearable devices – which integrate nanoelectronics and sensors to extend thefunctionality of clothing, watches and other body-worn devices – the most common inthis group are smartwatches and smart devices The smart device is offered as acomplementary device to a smartphone, smart health in clinical care and at home forpatients who need to monitor activity and physiological parameters during physicalactivity (in this case often wearables), smart homes and buildings - including homenetworks of smart consumer electronics and devices such as washing machines as well asbuilding automation solutions Sensor-based homes to monitor and manage heating,ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, security, etc.,

- Smart energy - manages energy usage as well as generating (e.g from photovoltaiccells) and storing electricity at a distributed level (household/building) in the smart grid.

- Smart mobility and transportation includes self-driving vehicles, smart sensors onthe roads, and traffic control infrastructure Smart manufacturing provides access tomanufacturing plant systems for more flexible production and production management

- Smart city - monitors and integrates all modes of transportation, communication,water, electric power to optimize resource usage while maximizing the quality of servicesfor residents

Smart farming and food security agricultural monitoring, control and treatment for crop and livestock production - on farms and regions to increase food security, reducefootprint ecology and reduce costs

-2.1.4 Gen Z

Gen Z (also known as Generation Z) is the next demographic group after GenMillennials and before Gen Alpha Researchers and the popular media consider the mid-to-late 1990s as the beginning birth years and the early 2010s as the ending birth years Inaddition to Gen Z, the young Gen that comes of age in this 2nd decade of the 21st century

is also known by many other names such as Gen Tech, Net Gen, Plurals, Zoomers,Internet Gen, Generation Z, iGen, iGeneration, Gen Wii, Digital Natives, Neo-DigitalNatives, Founders, Homeland Generation, Post millennials, or post-Millennials… In theworld, there are about 2.6 billion people in Gen Z, accounting for about a quarter of thepopulation In Vietnam, Gen Z has about 15 million people, accounting for about 25% ofthe national workforce Most Gen Z members have been tech-savvy since childhood andare comfortable with the Internet and social media, but not necessarily digitally savvy

TAM assumes that trust in usefulness and ease of use are always key determinants of ITadoption between users and organizations According to TAM, these two determinants arethe basis for attitudes to use a particular system, which in turn determine the intention touse and then the actual usage behavior (Davis, 1989) TAM has been widely used byresearchers to test the acceptance of a new technology In this study, the model is used toidentify the factors affecting youth acceptance of IoT services.

Hình 2.1 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

2.2.2 The Technology Acceptance and Use Model is also known as the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model.

Venkatesh et al (2003) proposed the UTAUT model to integrate the findings ofprevious studies on this issue The UTAUT model includes four important antecedents(effectiveness on expectations, expected effort, social influence, and facilitation) thataffect both behavioral intentions and actual behaviour Gender, age, experience andwillingness to use were found to modulate the above relationships (Venkatesh et al.,2003) UTAUT is specifically designed to investigate user acceptance of new technologyand it has a higher explanatory power than previous TAM models Therefore, the authorsbelieve that the UTAUT model is suitable to understand the acceptance of IoT services.Venkatesh et al (2003) developed a model based on the assumption that perceivedusefulness in TAM is similar to expected performance in UTAUT In addition, the ease ofuse in TAM is similar to the effort expected in UTAUT Since the two main factors ofTAM (ease of use and usefulness) are similar to those of UTAUT, this study develops themodel and especially the social influence, behavioral intention and usage behaviour

Figure 2.2: Technology adoption and use model

2.2.3 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT 2) model

Evolving from the Technology Use and Acceptance Model or UTAUT figure,UTAUT2 contains additional constructs that explain Behavioral Intent and Use Behavior,namely: hedonic motivation ), Price (Price Value) and Habit (Habit) The modelmaintains the modifiers for the relationship between variables including gender, age,experience, and removes the used self-variable Create a complex structural model thatreflects elements of an individual's acquisition of Information Technology

Picture 2.3: UTAUT as extension

There is also a simple model that explains the general attitude towards innovation inthe IT sector as PIIT - Personal Innovation in IT (November 2008: 448) which can beuseful for explain consumer adoption of IoT PIIT is "an individual who is inclined to trynew information technology" (Agarwal and Prasad, 1998: 206) People with advanced,innovative knowledge in the field should be more willing to absorb and use newinformation technologies, and it will be easier for them to continue using thosetechnologies Openness to experience (as one of the Big Five personality dimensions),and (lack of) resistance to change, are some of the variables that best explain PIIT Inother studies (Agarwal and Prasad, 1998: 2014–2015; Yi et al., 2006: 393–426) PIIT wassignificantly associated with behavioral intention to explain technology use (measured byTAM)

The author's approach is to investigate whether several UTAUT2 constructs (andpossibly entire models) with PIIT and selected demographic variables are useful toexplain IoT adoption by consumers In the case of the Internet of Things there is a lack ofsuch studies, besides using a modified TAM model (Gao and Bai, 2014: 211–231) It is

clear that IoT adoption is different from other information technologies for a number ofreasons and not even other complex information technologies Although IoT can berelatively easy for consumers, because potential users see the benefits of using IoT asprimarily life facilitation, for example, eliminating wired connections between useddevices or activities expensive to manage the system Also using today's moderntechnology is also socially and temporally aware making IoT devices cheaper, which alsoencourages their use On the other hand, some objections, especially since privacy issuesexist, could make IoT adoption slower and harder to accept.

2.3.CÁC NGHIÊN CỨU THỰC HIỆN TRƯỚC ĐÂY

2.3.1 Research by the authors Adai Almomani, Moamin A Mahmoud and Mohd Sharifuddin Ahmad

The study “Factors affecting the acceptance of Internet of Things services bycustomers of telecommunications companies in Jordan” has shown that in Jordan,telecommunications companies have recently provided such services IoT for the masses.However, the acceptance of services is still limited Therefore, the aim of this study was

to investigate the factors influencing the adoption and use of IoT technology bycustomers in Jordan A total of 176 people participated in this study and the collected datawere analyzed using SPSS The study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-used to assess user perception of adoption (Gao & Bai, 2014) However, the UnifiedTheory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) proves more powerful and canexplain variation in technology acceptance better than TAM and any other theoreticalmodel (Chang) et al 2015; Mathur & Dhulla, 2014) The findings indicate that behavioralintentions significantly influence the behavior of using IoT services In addition, ITknowledge is the most important factor affecting behavioral intention followed by otherfactors This study proposes eight hypotheses regarding the effects of independentvariables on dependent variables Gao and Bai (2014) report that usefulness is one of themost important drivers for behavior using IoT technology Social influence is a negligiblefactor This finding is inconsistent with most of the findings of previous studies Previousstudies have shown that social influence is a necessary and important factor fortechnology adoption such as smart refrigerators (Alolayan, 2014), IoT services (Gao andBai, 2014) and adoption new technologies (Venkatesh et al., 2003) The results of thesurvey conducted show that cost is the top concern when deciding to use IoT services(Liu et al., 2012)

Figure 2.4: Factors affecting the acceptance of Internet of Things service by customers

of telecommunications companies in Jordan

The authors has identified seven factors affecting the acceptance of the Internet ofThings (IoT) among young people: usefulness, ease of use, social influence, price,knowledge of information technology , trust, privacy and security From the researchresults, the authors has shown that the strong influencing factors are social influence,intention behavior and use behavior

2.3.2 Research by the authors Yu-Sheng Kao, Kazumitsu Nawata and Chi-Yo Huang (2019)

In the study "Discovering and validating factors affecting the adoption of IoT-basedwearable fitness trackers" the authors used an extended technology adoption and usagemodel aka UTAUT 2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) figure andexpands with additional determinants, reliability, perception and operator, self-efficacyperception to control investigate the factors affecting the adoption of IoT technology onwearable health monitors

Hình 2.5: Mô hình nghiên cứu của nhóm tác giả Yu-Sheng Kao, Kazumitsu Nawata và

Chi-Yo Huang (2019)

Research results revolve around 8 groups of factors: Perceived utility, perceivedexpectation, perceived usability, macroeconomics, intention to accept, soft expertise,consumer and user behavior new acceptance Among them, the intention to accept is themost important factor

According to the authors, this study explored the usage behavior and adoptionintentions of IoT-based wearable fitness trackers from two perspectives:

- Conceptual and Proposal Framework: Factors influencing user behavior of based smart devices, and IRM-based hypothetical relationships obtained by DEMATELhave been confirmed During the analysis, a conceptual framework was organized based

IoT-on previous works Delphi method modificatiIoT-ons were introduced to validate theapplicability of variables derived from the outcome evaluation literature

- Second, based on the main user's point of view, the DEMATEL method is used toderive a causal relationship model, which describes which path relationships can beformed Finally, the relationships were confirmed using PLS-SEM from the point of view

of the mass consumer In short, this study has made a number of contributions,specifically the discussion has made a theoretical contribution

2.3.3 Research by Mącik and Radosław (2017)

In the study "Empirical investigation of young consumers' acceptance of the Internet

of Things" the authors used an expanded technology adoption and usage model, alsoknown as the UTAUT 2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) andexpand on additional determinants, reliability, awareness and operator, self-perception totest internet of things (IoT) acceptance of young consumers

Figure 2.6: Research model of young consumers' acceptance of the Internet of Things

Research results show 4 factors: expected performance, behavioral intention, habit,individual innovation in the field of information technology Among them, behavioralintention is the most important factor A significant limitation of the study presented isthat it has only identified a few factors influencing IoT adoption by young consumers.This conclusion comes from univariate analysis of variance in which the intercept coversall influencing factors that are not included directly in the model In addition, despitesufficient structural reliability, it is not possible to confirm the validity of the entireUTAUT2 model for IoT adoption, even though the estimated preliminary model fits thedata and has good explanatory value, it does not include other possibly relevantapplicable factors

2.3.4 Research by the authors Maria Tsourela and Dafni-Maria

Nerantzaki (2020)

In the study "Internet of Things (IoT) Acceptance Model: Assessing consumerbehavior towards IoT products and applications", the authors combined using bothtechnology acceptance and usage models expanded technology, also known as UTAUTand UTAUT 2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) At the same timefurther expanded with additional determinants, reliability, perception focus attention fromthe point of view of the individual consumer From there, develop and research theInternet of Things (IoT) acceptance model: Assess consumer behavior towards IoTproducts and applications

Figure 2.7: Model of the authors Maria Tsourela and Dafni-Maria Nerantzaki (2020)

Research results show 10 factors: user personality, resilience, cognitive tools, socialinfluence, trust, control conditions, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudesand behavioral intentions It shows that perceived usefulness is the most important factor.

It must be acknowledged that this research model is not a panacea for all possibledevices in the IoT scheme, as the so-called universal properties of IoT technology can beinfluenced by many reasons theory of motivation and technology adoption Therefore,this study lays the foundation for further studies in this direction

Since this study developed and tested a model explaining consumer attitudes and BItowards IoT products and applications, there are several recommendations for futurestudies IoTAM will address key IoT adoption concerns and be relevant for ITprofessionals by providing them with the opportunity to investigate relevant areas, sothey can act on it Timely and accurate action when creating and launching an IoTproduct or application This model is thus a simple attempt to contribute to the IoTadoption literature Future research should consider additional precursors of IoTAM andextend it to test its final proposition Therefore, future studies on related topics shouldextend the findings of this model, by investigating the role of variables using datacollected from diverse international samples forms, validate them in other contexts, andidentify additional IoT precursors

2.3.5 Research by Lulwah AlSuwaidan and Nuha Almegren

Picture 2.8: The Verification Model for Internet of Things Adoption Is Not Homogeneous

with Blockchain (By Lulwah AlSuwaidan and Nuha Almegren)

In the study “Validating heterogeneous Internet of Things adoption withBlockchain” (Lulwah AlSuwaidan and Nuha Almegren)” the authors demonstrated theimportance of the Internet of Things (IoT) as proven by its creativity and intelligenttechnology and services it can provide It consists of many physical objects that arelinked to the Internet and can communicate with each other These objects ultimatelygenerate large amounts of data and thus collect and broadcast them into informationsystems and technologies such as the cloud Service-oriented architecture (SoA) andworkflow management system Integrated technologies have proven their effectiveness inenhancing the availability of IoT systems as a service around the world

The authors used functional feedback (PUF) research and used blockchaintechnology to establish a foundation for supply chain tracking of both component devicesand IoT devices, without requiring the existence of a single device at any centralauthority.

In a similar context, Rejeb et al presents a method of implementing blockchaintechnology with IoT infrastructure to facilitate and smooth the process of modern supplychains and enhance value chain networks

2.3.6 Research by the authors Ebru BEYZA Bayarçelik and Hande Begüm Bumin Doyduk (October 2019)

Figure 2.9: IoT adoption model

An IoT Consumer Acceptance of Internet of Things Technology field study wasconducted using a survey method to collect data to test research hypotheses Internet ofThings technology in the consumer segment is in its infancy, awareness of this concept isnot high and it still limits the widespread and widespread application of consumers Due

to these shortcomings, it is difficult to reach the right audience who have at least ageneral idea of the concept Use convenience sampling from the company's employeesbased on the targeted technology, as they already have a general idea of the IoT 45people were reached by e-mail, which contained study explanations, guidelines,demographic questions and three-page survey They were assured of confidentiality andinformed that research findings would be shared upon request Out of 145 people, 116responded (turn rate is %80, which is acceptable) While 76% are male and all havebachelor's degrees or more On average, the participants were 32.84 years old (s.d =6.60)

2.4.PROPOSED RESEARCH MODEL AND RESEARCH Hypothesis 2.4.1 Proposed research model

The authors propose to apply the TAM Technology Acceptance model because thegroup's research topic is related to the issue of technology acceptance The TAM model is

a highly reputable model, which has been verified by many previous studies related totechnology use behavior

When a new technology is adopted by a large number of customers (specifically,Gen Z customers in this study), the usefulness of that technology needs to be clearlyunderstood by customers Perceived ease of use concept according to Davis's (1989)TAM technology acceptance model refers to users' belief that using informationtechnology systems, products or products does not require much effort , they will feel atease when using the product So ease of use, IT literacy, and trust are important factors indetermining whether IoT technology can be pervasive

In addition, the adoption of technology is obviously closely related to the cost ofuse In addition, new types of technology often have potential risks, so consumers will beinterested in privacy and security factors, especially in the context of the Internet 4.0network environment which is quite risky risk as it is now

Figure 2.10: Proposed research model

2.4.2 Research hypothesis:

H1: Factors related to usability have a positive impact on IoT usage behavior

Perceived usefulness is defined as the degree to which a person believes that using asystem will improve their job performance (Davis, 1989)

The benefits and advantages derived from the system can enhance the perceivedusefulness of the customer (Venkatesh et al., 2003) In the context of IoT, perceivedusefulness suggests that individuals find IoT services useful because it allows them toenhance their overall performance in everyday situations (Kowatsch & Maass, 2012).Acquity Group (2014) found that one of the most important factors for adoption of IoT

services in the US is the usefulness of Technology Similarly, Coughlan et al (2012) andGao and Bai (2014) suggest that perceived usefulness is a significant predictor ofintention to use IoT services.

H2: Factors related to ease of use positively affect IoT usage behavior

Ease of use is defined as the degree to which a person believes that using a systemwill be free of mental effort (Davis 1989) Gao and Bai (2014) show that perceived ease

of use has a significant influence on intention to use IoT services Similar findings arederived by Yong Wee et al (2011) investigated technology adoption among students Thefindings show that ease of use is one of the factors that influence students' behavioralintentions Abu and associates (2014) in their literature review found that ease of use isone of the most important factors for adoption

H3: Factors related to cost of use positively affect IoT usage behavior

Cost is defined as the monetary value customers pay to service providers forservices Many researchers in IoT service adoption have found that cost is a factor Forexample, Kin and Shin (2015) find that cost has a significant effect on the adoption ofIoT services in Taiwan Similarly, the results of a survey conducted by Acquity Group(2014) in the US found that one of the most effective concerns customers have whenthinking about the adoption of service IoT is cost Researchers have found that loweradoption costs are a factor that encourages customers to adopt technology while costsdiscourage them (Seyal & Rahim, 2006)

H4: Factors related to social influence have a positive impact on IoT usage behavior

Social influence is defined by Venkatesh et al (2003) as a person's perception thatothers believe they should use a new technology Many information systems scholarshave proposed the impact the social influence represented by friends, family, co-workers,and colleagues has on the intended behavior of accepting and using technology at thehigh level individual level (Irani, Dwivedi & Williams, 2009) Furthermore, a study byVenkatesh and Brown (2001) found that the social influence of friends and family is astrong factor influencing the adoption of new technologies Gao and Bai (2014)investigated the impact of social influence on the adoption of IoT services The resultsshow that social influence has a significant influence on behavioral intention to adopt IoTservices

H5: Factors related to IT literacy have a positive impact on IoT usage behavior

IT literacy is defined as a customer's ability to deal with the Internet and itsapplications, including IoT services (Acquity Group, 2014) For customers to adopt newtechnology, they must be aware of the technology being used, how it can be used andleveraged effectively, which can reduce their anxiety (Dimitrova & Chen, 2006) Han et

al (2014) found that technology awareness is one of the most important factors foradoption Khasawneh et al (2011) found that there are issues related to computer literacyand how it plays an important role in the adoption of IoT technology

H6: Factors related to trust have a positive impact on IoT usage behavior

Trust is defined as a person's perception of the integrity and ability of a serviceprovider (McKnight et al 2002) Customers' confidence in IoT services and the agency'sability to deliver IoT services online is required to be widely accepted and used bycustomers Studies on the adoption of a new technology have shown that trust is animportant factor for technology adoption For example, Gao and Bai (2014) find that trust

in IoT services is an important factor influencing behavioral intention to adopt services

In addition, trust is also considered as an important factor for the adoption of IoT services

in Spain by Kowatsch and Maass (2012)

H7: Factors related to privacy and security positively influence IoT usage behavior

Security is defined as the degree to which a person believes that using a particularapplication is risk-free (Xu et al., 2003), while privacy is defined as the ability to losecontrol over with personal information (Akturan & Tezcan, 2012) Transaction security isvery important for users when performing online activities (Berdykhanova,Dehghantanha & Hariraj, 2010) Lack of security and privacy is one of the issuespreventing customers from using IoT services in the United States (Acquity Group,2014) In addition, Kowatsch and Maass (2012) have shown that security and privacy areone of the factors affecting the intention and willingness to provide personal informationfor IoT Services Coughlan et al (2012) in the United Kingdom found that privacy andsecurity are important factors for IoT adoption in the country Therefore, the following isthe hypothesis

2.5.CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY

Chapter 2 gave the theoretical basis of behavioral intention as the main foundationfor this research topic Presenting concepts related to the research topic; theoreticaloverview, synthesis of previous related models

To build a research model for this topic, we have studied and researched behavioralintention models related to the acceptance of the Internet of Things by young people offoreign and Vietnamese authors And we have used the TAM technology acceptancemodel, in combination with other factors to come up with a research model for thetopic and hypothesize for this topic Based on related proposals and selected variables topropose a research model, explain the factors present in the model and make hypotheses

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Chapter 3 presents the research methodology with two research flow diagrams: preliminary researchand official research This chapter also presents the steps to carry out preliminary and formalresearch; sampling method and determining sample size; data collection and data analysis methods

Methodologies - Techniques

Preliminary

Quantitative Focus group discussion, refer to available sourcesincluding books, official newspapers, related research

topics, issues of research in practice,

Qualitative Preliminary survey table used for qualitative research

Official Qualitative Official survey table

3.1.1 Preliminary research process

This model presents the research content of the steps preliminary research stage

Figure 3.1 Contents of preliminary research stages

3.1.2 Official research process

This model presents the research content of the steps in official research phase:

Figure 3.2: Research contents of official research phase

3.2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN

3.2.1 Preliminary research steps

The steps to conduct preliminary research are as follows:

- Step 1: Discuss to select the topic and preliminary research method, complete the

introduction of the research: objectives, subject and research scope, methodologies,contributions, structure of the study’s topic

- Step 2: Research the theoretical basis of consumer behavioral intention including the

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use ofTechnology (UTAUT) model, the Extended Technology Use and Acceptance Model (UTAUT 2).Search for available studies related to the topic and refer to theirs research models

- Step 3: From the theories and models found in the previous two steps, proceed to build a

- Step 7: Adjust the preliminary scale to form the official scale for the research Steps (1), (2),

(3), (4) use qualitative research methods Steps (5), (6), (7) use quantitative research methods.The scale in quantitative research is a five-point Likert scale

3.2.2 The results of the draft scale and the preliminary scale construction

From related research models and proposed models, the authors have built a draft scale includingthese following factors: (1) Useful Scale, (2) Ease of Use Scale, (3) Cost of Use Scale, (4) SocialInfluence Scale, (5) Information Technology Literacy Scale, (6) Trust Scale, and (7) Privacy andSecurity Scale