Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, 2006) - Chapter 7 pptx

... "Þvðx þ "; t Þ (7: 82) (c) Now Taylor expand Eqs. (7. 81) and (7. 82) to first order in Dt and to second order in " and compare those results with the backward and forward equations that ... exponentials in Eq. (7. 25) for m !0 and show that you obtain our previous result. If you have more energy after this, do the same for the solutions of T(x) from Exercises 7...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 1 –16 –15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 7 –6 (a) p L( p| 4, 10) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 .7 0.8 0.9 1 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 –69 –68 – 67 –66 p (b) L( p| 40, 100) Figure 3.4. The log-likelihood function L(pjk, ... l ¼Np (for which we set t ¼1 implicitly). Random search with depletion In many situations in ecology and evolutionary biology, we deal with random search for...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... sketch a graph with l on the x-axis and y ¼l or y ¼Àre Àl on the y-axis and look for their intersections and note that if  ¼0 then l ¼Àr). 148 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids hosts at ... pheromone, for example) or, rather, ignore superparasitism of such hosts (Pritchard 1969, Hubbard and Cook 1 978 , Hubbard et al. 19 87, van Alphen et al. 19 87, van Alphen and Vi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... meaning any deviation from a comple- tely random distribution – is sufficient to stabilize the dynamics. The papers of Anderson and May (1 978 ) and May and Anderson (1 978 ) are well worth examining, ... interest and oppor- tunity for modeling (Lipp et al. 2002, Hastings 19 97, 2001, Hastings and McKinnon 1998, Hastings and D’Allesandro 2000, Hastings et al. 2002) and opportu...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... (thousands of tons) 1965 1 .78 94 1966 1.31 212 19 67 0.91 195 1968 0.96 383 1969 0.88 320 1 970 0.9 402 1 971 0. 87 366 1 972 0 .72 606 1 973 0. 57 378 1 974 0.45 319 1 975 0.42 309 1 976 0.42 389 1 977 0.49 ... (6.8)asa function of fishing effort E and the effectiveness, q, of that eff ort in r (per year) T (8C) 0.23 1 .75 0. 17 0.0 0. 27 1 .75 0.2 1.0 0.31 2.5 0.15 1 .75 0.36 3...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... best sources for looking up solutions of the standard diffusion equation are Carslaw and Jaeger (1959), Goel and Richter-Dyn (1 974 ), and Crank (1 975 ) (this particular solution is com- puted by ... (Halley and Iwasa 1998, Diserud and Engen 2000, Hakoyama and Iwasa 2000, Lande et al. 2003) takes the form dX ¼ bðX Þdt þ ffiffiffiffiffi a e p X dW e þ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi a d X p dW d ,wherea e and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... environments 31–36, 73 74 predation and random search 20 –23, 24 two-dimensional 48–58 diffusion and exponential growth 64–69, 78 and logistic growth 69 73 , 79 as a random walk 58– 64, 77 78 in a bounded ... states 48–58 , 74 – 76 diffusion and exponential growth 64– 69, 78 diffusion and logistic growth 69 73 , 79 diffusion as a random walk 58–64, 77 78 discrete log...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... t -Statistic Prob. C 8.33E- 07 0.000144 0.00 577 6 0.9954 AR(1) 0.000600 0.040612 0.01 477 3 0.9882 AR(3) 0.019545 0.035886 0.544639 0.5861 AR(6) 0.018085 0.031 876 0.5 673 66 0. 570 6 AR(10) −0.0289 97 ... 0.0000 MA(4) 0.0369 97 0. 074 796 0.494633 0.6209 MA(5) −0.004544 0.059140 −0. 076 834 0.9388 MA(6) −0.14 071 4 0.04 673 9 −3.010598 0.00 27 MA (7) 0.253016 0.042340 5. 975 838 0.0000...

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 16:47