Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, 2006) - Chapter 4 pot

... sketch a graph with l on the x-axis and y ¼l or y ¼Àre Àl on the y-axis and look for their intersections and note that if  ¼0 then l ¼Àr). 148 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids hosts at ... size Hosts 500 (d) 20 40 60 80 Week 100 120 140 160 136 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids Fðx max ; 1jh À 1; TÞ¼Fðx max þ 1; 1jh; TÞ (4: 41) because the left hand side of Eq...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... (thousands of tons) 1965 1.78 94 1966 1.31 212 1967 0.91 195 1968 0.96 383 1969 0.88 320 1970 0.9 40 2 1971 0.87 366 1972 0.72 606 1973 0.57 378 19 74 0 .45 319 1975 0 .42 309 1976 0 .42 389 1977 0 .49 ... stocks, the southern Gulf of St. Laurence, for which r ¼ 0.15 and K ¼15 2 34 tons, and the faster growing North Sea stock for which r ¼0.56 and K ¼185 1 64 tons (the data on...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... l ¼Np (for which we set t ¼1 implicitly). Random search with depletion In many situations in ecology and evolutionary biology, we deal with random search for items that are then removed and not ... statistical methods for scientists); 0.0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 2 3 4 (a) p f 0.0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 p f (c) 0.0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1 .4 p...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (a) 40 45 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time Population size Parasites Hosts (d) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Population ... Smith and Wilkinson (2002), Morgan et al.(20 04) and Sumpter and Martin (20 04) . Cultural and behavioral effects Clearly social behavior and culture play a role...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 910 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 (a) X(t ) t t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 2.8 3 3.2 3 .4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4. 4 (c) X(t ) t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 3 3.5 4 (b) 4. 5 X(t ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 (d) 5.5 t X(t ... first encountered in Chapter 2 (some  n (x) are shown in Figure 7.10). –5 4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 45 0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1 .4 x δ n (x) Figure 7.10. T...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... general formulation, and investigate both its advantages and its limitations. (b) N max 1100 1080 1060 1 040 T (N max ) 1020 1000 980 0 100 200 300 40 0 N max T (N max ) 44 00 (a) 43 00 42 00 41 00 40 00 3900 3800 3700 0 ... 0 .41 0 2 0.328 0.21 3 0.252 0.39 4 0.182 0.95 5 0. 142 1.32 6 0.085 1 .48 7 0.057 2 .45 8 0.031 3.78 9 0.021 2.56 10 0.0 14 4.07 11 0.005 3.76 12 0.005 3...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... refuges 137, 142 – 145 effects of multiple attacks 143 – 145 instability 135– 140 stabilization 137, 141 – 145 , 1 64 variation in attack rate 137, 141 – 143 no-flux boundary conditions 62– 64 noise blue ... environments 31–36, 73– 74 predation and random search 20 –23, 24 two-dimensional 48 –58 diffusion and exponential growth 64 69, 78 and logistic growth 69–73, 79 as a rando...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 0.0000 MA (4) 0.036997 0.0 747 96 0 .49 4633 0.6209 MA(5) −0.0 045 44 0.059 140 −0.0768 34 0.9388 MA(6) −0. 140 7 14 0. 046 739 −3.010598 0.0027 MA(7) 0.253016 0. 042 340 5.975838 0.0000 MA(8) −0.20 644 5 0. 040 077 ... 0.0000 AR (4) −0. 041 003 0.07 942 3 −0.5162 64 0.6058 AR(5) 0.001376 0.067652 0.020338 0.9838 AR(6) 0.13 241 3 0.0 540 71 2 .44 8866 0.0 145 AR(7) −0.238913 0.0525 94 4...

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 16:47