Dudng Idi, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc Trung Qudc eiing nhu nhung kinh nghidm eiia mdt sd trung tam giao due va khoa hge Idn d Trung Qudc trong vide phat huy ngudn lire con ngudi[r]
Trang 1THLPC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
v i ^ _ - «' -' MOT SO VAN DE VE CHO TRiniNG, CHINH SACH VA KINH N G H I £ M
TRONG BAO TAO, THU HUT, SUf DUNG NHAN TAI CUA TRUNG QUOC
GS, TS NGUYEN VAN KHANH*
TS LAI QUOC KHANH**
"Nhdn tdi cudng qudc" dugc coi Id mdt trong nhiing chiin lugc quan trgng nhdt cua Trung Qudc trong thdi ky cdi cdch, md cua vd hiin dgi hod O tdm vT md,
nhiing quan diim, dudng ldi, chinh sdch vi nhdn tdi da dugc Ddng vd Nhd nudc
Trung Quoc nhgn thuc vd chi dgo thuc hiin nhdt qudn trong sudt mdy chuc ndm
qua O tdm vi md, qud trinh phdt hiin, ddo tgo - bdi duong vd sic dung nhdn tdi dd
dugc xa hdi hda vd thuc hien rdng rdi tu trung uong din ca sd, nhdt Id trong cdc
trudng dgi hgc, cdc co sd nghiin cuu khoa hgc, cdc trung tdm kinh ti vd vdn hod
cua ddt nudc Viic nghiin cuu dudng ldi chinh sdch vd kinh nghiem cua Trung
Qudc trong vdn di khai thdc vd phdt huy ngudn nhdn luc trinh do cao, dgc biit Id
ngudn luc nhdn tdi cd y nghia rdt quan trgng ddi vdi Viet Nam, mdt qudc gia cd
nhiiu diim tirong ddng ve chinh tri, kinh ti, vdn hda, xa hdi vd ciing dang trin con
dudng phdt triin theo dinh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa
I Chien \iiffc nhan tai cua Trung Quoc Thu nhdt, khang dinh rang, "bdn hidn dai
trong thoi ky cai each, md cira hda" la didu kidn dac bidt quan Ugng dd xay
Dang Tidu Binh duge coi la tdng cdng dung va bao vd chd do xa hdi ehii nghia Trong
trinh su cua sir nghidp eai each, md cira ciia bdn bien dai hda thi hidn dai hda khoa hge - ky
Tnmg Qudc Vd van dd nhan tai, dng da ndu thuat la then chdt: "khdng cd mdt ndn khoa hgc
Idn nhieu quan didm quan trgng, ddng vai trd - ky thuat hidn dai thi khdng the xay dung mdt
ndn mdng tu Urdng cho chidn lugc nhan tai ndn ndng nghiep, cdng nghidp va qudc phdng
ciia Tnmg Qudc Cd thd ndu Idn mdt sd quan hidn dai Khdng cd sir phat tridn mdt ndn khoa
diem eo ban vd vin dd nay nhu sau: hgc ky thuat tdc do eao thi cung khdng thd phat
tridn ndn kinh td qudc dan vdi tdc do cao"
*, * * Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hdi va ^hu hai, tidn dd Ur Urdng ciia "bdn bidn dai
Nhan van, Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi hda", theo quan diem cua Dang Tidu Binh,
Trang 2THU'C TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
trudc hdt la quan diem eua ehu nghia Mac cho
rang: khoa hge - ky thuat la mdt lire lugng san
xuat quan trgng, la "sire san xuat thir nhat";
Pha hoai hay can trd sir phat tridn ciia khoa
bgc - ky thuat chinh la pha hoai hay can tra sir
phat Uien eiia chit nghia xa hdi Phat tridn
khoa hgc - ky thuat la didu kidn tidn quydt dd
chu nghia xa hdi cd the tao ndn mdt nang suat
lao ddng eao hon chit nghia tu ban
Thic ba, tidn de tu tudng thir hai cua "bdn
hidn dai hda" Ia.su thira nhan vai Ud quan
Ugng eua nhiing ngudi lam cdng tac khoa hgc
- ky thuat, ciia lao ddng tri dc Ngudi lao ddng
tri dc ciong la mdt bd phan ciia giai cap cdng
nhan Sir khac nhau giiia lao ddng tri dc va lao
ddng chan tay chi la sir khae nhau vd phan
cdng lao ddng xa hdi, "bat kd ngudi lam lao
ddng chan tay hay ngudi lao ddng tri dc ddu la
lao ddng eiia xa hdi xa hdi ehii ngbla"^ Dang
Tidu Bmh timg ndi: "Cai each thd chd kinh td,
didu ma tdi quan tam nhat la nhan tai Cai each
thd chd khoa hge, didu ma tdi quan tam nhat
van la nhan tai"'^, "Khan tai thue su qui gia"^
Thu tu, de phat huy vai trd cua hai tidn dd
ndi trdn, diy manh "bdn hidn dai hda" nham
phat tridn dat nudc, can phat tridn manh me
cdng tac nghidn ctiu khoa hgc va giao due,
dao tao "Chung ta khdng the khdng phat tridn
manh me sir nghidp nghien cuu khoa hge va
sir nghidp giao due khoa hge, phat huy manh
me tinh tich eirc cua ngudi lam cdng tac khoa
hgc - ky thuat va giao diac"^ Dd thue hidn
dugc nhidm vto Udn, can phai dua vao sir ed
gang cua ban than, phai phat tridn sir sang tao
ciia ban than, phai kidn tri phuong cham doe lap
Ur chil, Ur lire canh sinh; ddng thdi etong can
phai "hgc tap chd manh eua ngudi ta", tfch cue Uien khai cac hoat ddng giao luu hgc thuat qudc
te, tang cudng quan he hiiu nghi, hgp tac vdi gidi khoa bgc cua cae nudc Udn thd gidi
Thu ndm, can phai xay dung mdt ddi ngii
can bd khoa hgc - ky thuat himg manh, vira hdng vira chuydn: "Chung ta tidn quan vd mdt nen khoa hgc - ky thuat hidn dai thi phai co mdt ddi quan khoa hgc - ky thuat himg manh, vira hdng •vira chuyen eua giai cap cdng nhan, phai ed mgt loat cac nha khoa hgc, cae chuydn gia ky thuat cdng trinh sd mdt ciia thd gidi"* Day la nhidm vu nang nd dat ra trudc Dang, Nha nudc va nhan dan Trung Qudc Chinh sach phat huy ngudn lire can bd khoa hgc - ky thuat khdng ehi nham vao ddi ngii hidn ed, ma quan Ugng hon, la "phai dao tao nhirng nhan tai mdi vd khoa hgc - ky thuat" Dd ed dugc ddi ngil ddng dao nhan tai mdi vd khoa hgc
-ky thuat, can ehto y den the he tre, ddn lire
lugng thanh thidu nien uu tu ed ehi hudng va tai hoa Day la ngudn tuydn chgn, dao tao va
bd sung vao ngudn lire nhan tai Can day manh eai each va phat tridn giao due "Giao due phai hudng tdi hidn dai hda, hudng ra thd gidi, hudng ddn tuong lai" Can ehto Ugng ddn nhan td quan Ugng nhat eua giao dioc la ddi ngii nha giao "Sir lao ddng sang tao ciia
hg phai dugc sir tdn trgng cua Dang va nhan dan, phai thuc sir dam bao thdi gian boat ddng giang day cua giao vien, phai quan tam den ddi sdng chinh tri, dieu kien cdng tac va hgc tap nghiep vu cua hg, ddi vdi nhting giao vidn cd nhiing cdng hidn xuat sac trong cdng tac giang day thi phai dugc bidu duong va khen thudng"''
Trang 3THU'C TliN-KINH NGHIEM
Thu sdu, can dac bidt nhan manh ddn cdng
tac phat hien, tuyen chgn va dao tao "nhan tai
kiet xuat" Sir nghiep each mang cin tdi
nhting nha each mang kiet xuat, sir nghidp
khoa hge ciing can tdi nhung nha khoa hgc
kiet xuat Nhung nhan tai kiet xuit cua giai
cap cdng nhan ddn hi nhan dan va vi nhan dan
phuc vu Tren co sd quan chiing rdng rai mdi
khdng ngimg nay nd ra nhimg nhan tai kiet
xuat Va eiing chi khi nao cd duge hang loat
nhung nhan tai kiet xuat mdi cd thd thuc diy
vide nang eao trinh do van hda, khoa hgc eiia
toan dan tde Trung Hoa
Thu bdy, khdng chi can nhan thirc dung vd
tam quan Ugng ciia nhan tai, ciia vide dao tao,
bdi dudng nhan tai, ma edn can chu Ugng
cdng tac sir dung nhan tai Dat nudc khdng
phai khdng cd nhan tai, van dd la ed thd td
chtic va sir dung ddi ngii nay that tdt hay
khdng, ed ddng vidn dugc tinh tich cue, phat
huy duge sd trudng chuydn mdn cua bg hay
khdng Phai cham dirt tinh Uang lang phi nhan
tai do sir dung khdng dung ngudi, dung vide,
dung chd Manh dan sir dung nhan tai thi nhan
tai se ngay cang nhidu thdm Ddi vdi nhung
ngudi that sir cd ban llnh, phai manh dan dd
bat, pha khung cip bae va nang luong Chidu
md ngudi tai ciing la mdt bidn phap Phai md
ra ldi thoat dd nhung ngudi ed tai nang trudng
thanh that nhanh chdng, khdng dugc kim ham
nhan tai Nhan tai ludn ludn xuat hidn thi sir
nghidp cua chung ta mdi cd hy vgng Can
phai manh dan sir dung ngudi tai; mdt ngudi
tai cd thd ganh vac dugc nhimg vide Idn,
khdng cd ngudi tai thi khdng thd lam duge gi
ca; va Trung uong ein tdng kdt vide dimg
ngudi, tdn trgng nhan tai, md rdng con dudng tidn nap nhan tai
Thu tdm, khdng chi can dao tao, sir dung
nhan tai Uong nudc, ma cdn can thu hut nhan tai eua nudc ngoai; day ciing la mdt van dd chidn lugc; "phai lgi dung tri lire nudc ngoai, mdi mdt
sd ngudi nudc ngoai ddn tham gia xay dung Ugng didm va xay dung cae mat ciia chiing ta"^
Thu chin, de thu hut, sir dung, phat huy dugc
nhan tai, can cd nhidu bidn phap, Uong dd nhan
manh may bien phap sau day Mdt Id, vdi quan
didm chidn luge phai dd mdt sd noi giau cd trudc, mdt sd ngudi Uong nhan dan giau cd trudc dd tidn tdi "cimg nhau giau cd", "binh quan chu nghia la khdng duge"'", can phai chii Ugng chd do dai ngd ddi vdi nhan tai Nhung ngudi ed tai nang, cd nhidu ddng gdp phai cd thu nhap cao va dugc khen thudng Day ehinh
la thue hidn nguydn tac phan phdi theo lao ddng
- theo sd lugng va chat lugng lao ddng - Uong chil nghia xa bdi Tat nhidn, ciong theo nguydn tie nay, nhiing ngudi khdng cd nang lire thuc sir
thi can phai loai ra Hai Id, can phai thuc sir tdn
Ugng tri thirc, tdn Ugng nhan tai "Toan Dang va toan xa hdi ddu phai thuc sir tdn Ugng tri thirc, thue sir phat huy tac dung ciia tri thirc""; "can chu y giai quydt tdt van dd dai ngd ddi vdi sd it tri thirc eao cap, phat buy tinh tich cue ciia hg, tdn Ugng bg thi se cd nhidu ngudi cd cdng hien
Idn bon"'^ Ba Id, "phai tao mdi trudng tdt cho
nhan tai duge thi thd tai nang Cai each chinh la phai tao mdi trudng nhu vay"'^
Thic mudi, can phai tang cudng sir lanh dao
ciia Dang Cdng san doi vdi sir nghidp nghidn cuu khoa hge, giao due, dao tao va sir dung nhan tai, hoy nhidn, cung cin Uanh tinh Uang
Trang 4THl/C TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
"mgi vide ddu do Dang iiy nam lay, ddu do
Dang uy giai quydt" Dang lanh dao nham
dam bao vide quan tridt diy du dudng ldi,
phuong cham va chinh sach cua Dang; dam
bao cdng tac kd hoach va can bd; dam bao
cdng tac "hau can"; ngoai ra, nhidm via
chuydn mdn phai tao didu kidn cho can bd
chuydn mdn thirc hien Dang Tidu Binh nhan
manh, dam bao cdng tac chinh tri Uong nghien
cim khoa hge, song can phai thay ddi ldi tu duy
chinh tri hda khoa hge, can phai xac dinh rang:
"nhirng ydu cau sang tao va kidn nghj cd lgi
cho sir phat trien sir nghidp khoa hgc ciia chii
nghia xa hdi thi ddu phai img hd"'''
Ly luan Dang Tidu Binh la mdt bd phan cau
thanh ndn tang tu tudng dudng Idi ciia Dang
Cdng san Tnmg Qudc uong thdi ky eai each,
md cira Nhirng quan didm cua dng vd khoa
hgc - ky thuat vd nhan tai ciing la co sd cho
cbinb sach nhan tai ciia Trung Qudc hidn nay
2 Mot so noi dung trong chinh sach
nhan tai cua Trung Quoc hien nay
Trong hai thap ky Ud lai day, dac biet la Uong
nhirng nam diu the ky XXI Dang va Nha nudc
Trung (^ude da ban hanh nhidu chinh sach nham
dao tao, thu hut va sir dung nhan tai
() cap vl md, Uong nhung nam diu thd ky
XXI, cd hai van kidn quan trgng da dugc ban
hanh la:
1 Di acong quy hoach kien thiet dgi ngu
nhdn tdi todn qudc tic ndm 2002 din ndm
2005 (Van phdng Ban Chap hanh Trung uong
Dang Cdng san Trung Qudc, Van phdng
Qudc vu Vidn Trung Qudc, 5/7/2002)''
2 Quyet dinh cua Ban Chdp hdnh Trung
uong Ddng Cgng sdn Trung Qudc vd Qudc vu
Vien Trung Qudc vi tdng cudng them mdt budc cdng tdc nhdn tdi (26/12/2003)'^
De cuang da danh gia nhiing thanh tich
cua cdng tac xay dung ddi ngu nhan tai d Trung Qudc nhiing nam qua va tinh hinh dang dat ra trudc mat Tir dd, xac dinh nhan tai la then chdt Can phai nd lire khai thac nguon luc nhan tai, tang cudng xay dung ddi ngii nhan tai, nam chat, nam chac nhiem vto chidn
lugc quan Ugng "nhan tai eudng qudc" Di
cuong da ndu Idn 5 phucmg chdm co bdn
trong xay dung ddi ngii nhan tai gdm:
- Kien tri lay xay dung nang lire ciia nguon lire nhan tai lam chit dd;
- Kidn tri lay didu chinh va uu hda ket cau nhan tai lam dudng ldi chit ydu;
- Kidn tri lay bdi dudng va tuydn chgn can
bd lanh dao Dang - chinh quydn, doanh nhan
va nha khoa hgc dau nganh lam trgng didm;
- Kien tri lay eai each, ddi mdi lam ddng lire;
- Kidn tri lay phat tridn kinh td va phat tridn
xa hdi lam didm xuat phat can ban dd iing hd nhan tai
Di cicong xac dinh muc tiiu eua cdng tac
xay dung ddi ngio nhan tai la tdng sd nhan tai tang Idn tuong ddi Idn, kdt cau nhan tai thich img vd eo ban vdi kdt cau kinh td, td chat chinh thd ciia ddi ngu nhan tai duge nang len
rd ret, cdng cudc cai each chd do nhan sir can
bd va thd chd quan ly nhan tai cd dugc nhirng budc tidn tridn mdi, timg budc xay dung co chd hiru hidu thuan lgi cho vide nhan tai uu ho xuat dau Id dien, mgi ngudi phat huy hdt tai nang san cd, he thdng thi trudng nhan tai va phap luat vd quan ly nhan tai ngay cang hoan thien, mdi trudng cho sir phat tridn ciia nhan
Trang 5THU'C TI^N-KINH NGHIEM
tai dugc uu hda thdm Di cuong da tap trung
vao ba van dd Idn la:
- Xay dung ddi ngu nhan tai Dang, chinh
quydn, Uong dd khang djnh trgng didm la xay
dung ddi ngii nhan tai lanh dao Dang, chinh
quydn va sir can thidt phai tap trung nd lire
xay dung ddi ngu nhan tai Dang, chinh quydn
cd td chat cao;
- Xay dung ddi ngii nhan tai quan ly kinh
doanh xi nghidp, trong dd trgng didm la boi
dudng, dao tao doanh nhan uu hi, nd lue xay
dung ddi ngu nhan tai quan ly kinh doanh xi
nghidp chuydn nghidp hda, cd to chit cao,
hinh thanh eo chd mdi cd Igi cho su phat Uidn
ciia ddi ngii nhan tai kinh doanh xi nghidp;
- Xay dung ddi ngii nhan tai ky thuat
chuydn nganh, trong dd Ugng didm la bdi
dudng, dao tao chuydn gia dau nganh uu tu,
nd lire xay dung ddi ngii nhan tai ky thuat
chuydn nganh cd td chat cao, xa bdi hda
Di cuong ciing da ndu quan diem chi dao
vd van de dn dinh, khai thae ddi ngii nhan tai
hidn cd, ciing nhu tich cue tidn cir, thu nhan
nhan tai mdi De cuong da ndu Idn mdt loat
bidn phap, cbinb sach thidt thuc nham khuyen
khich nhirng ngudi dugc dao tao d nudc ngoai
vd nudc lam vide hoac phuc vu dat nudc theo
nhiing hinh thire khac, dac bidt la nham thu
hut va thud mdi nhting nhan tai eao cap d
nudc ngoai Cimg vdi vide nhan manh mdt sd
nhidm vu lidn quan den vide giao due, dao tao
nhan tai nhu xay dung chd do giao due sudt
ddi, chii trgng boi dudng nang lire sang tao
Uong giao duc,v.v., De cuong cdn chi ra nhung
chinh sach nhim khuydn khich nhan tai nhu
hoan thidn chd do phan phdi thu nhap, chd do
khen thudng, phuc lgi Di cuang ciing chu
Ugng ddn cbinb sach luan chuydn can bd, trong dd ed van dd didu chinh va uu hda kdt cau nhan tai, xay dung va hoan thidn he thdng thi trudng nhan tai, xay dung va hoan thidn eac chd do ed lidn quan nham thuc day luan
chuydn nhan tai Cudi cimg, De cuang nhan
manh ddn tam quan Ugng ciia vide tang cudng
su lanh dao ciia Dang, sir quan ly ciia Nha nudc ddi vdi chidn lugc nhan tai
Di cuong •vira xac I ^ nhirng quan diem chi
dao CO ban, vira vach ra mdt he thdng chinh saeh
cu thd nham diy manh chidn lugc nhan tai cudng qudc d Trung Qudc
Dugc ban banh khdng lau sau Di cuong, song Quyit dinh da nang tam nhirng quan
didm, giai phap, chinh sach vd nhan tai da ndu
trong Di cuong Quyet dinh xac dinh vide
thuc thi chidn lugc "nhan tai cudng qudc" la mdt nhidm vu Ugng dai va cap bach Trong su nghidp xay dung xa bdi mdi phai coi nhan tai
la "gdc", la "vdn" Phai dua cdng tac nhan tai vao quy hoach tdng thd phat tridn kinh td va
xa hdi cua qudc gia, nd luc khai thac ngudn lire nhan tai, di con dudng nhan tai cudng
qudc Quyet dinh xac dinh rd muc tidu cua
vide thuc hidn chidn lugc nhan tai chinh la nham bidn Trung Qudc tir mdt nudc Idn vd nhan khau thanh mdt cudng qudc vd ngudn lire nhan tai, nang cao sire canh Uanh ciia trung uong va sire manh tdng hgp cua dat nudc, hoan thanh nhidm •vu lich sir xay dung toan didn xa hdi mdi, thuc hidn su nghidp phuc hung vl dai ciia dan tdc Trung Hoa
Quyit dinh ndu Idn phuong cham "tdn trgng
lao ddng, tdn Ugng tri thirc, tdn Ugng nhan tai
Trang 6THU'C TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
tdn trgng sang tao", lay muc tidu phat trien
lam xuat phat diem can ban ciia cdng tac nhan
tai Quyit dinh da xac lap quan didm khoa hgc
vd nhan tai: "Chi can ed tri thtic va ky nang
nhat dinh cd thd tidn hanh lao ddng sang tao,
cd nhirng ddng gdp tich cire nham diy manh
xay dung van minh vat chat, van minh chinh
tri van minh tinh than xa hdi chu nghia Uong
sir nghidp vl dai xay dung chii nghia xa hdi
dae sac Trung Qudc thi ddu la nhan tai ma
Dang va Nha nudc can Phai kidn tri nguydn
tac tai dire ven toan, lay pham chat dao dire,
nang lire va cdng Uang lam tidu chuan chii
yeu dd danh gia nhan tai, khdng duy hgc vdn,
khdng duy chicc danh, khdng duy ly lich,
khdng duy thdn phdn, khdng dua ridng \'ao
mdt tidu chuan dd Uiydn dung nhan tai Cd vio
mgi ngudi deu cd cdng hidn, mgi ngudi ddu
ed thd thanh tai" Quyet dinh chi rd phai coi
xay dung nang luc la chii dd dd phat tridn
ngudn lire nhan tai; phai nam chac va xay
dung ddng thdi ca ba loai hinh nhan tai la
nhan tai Dang - chinh quydn nhan tai quan ly
kinh doanh xi nghidp va nhan tai ky' thuat
chuydn nganh, trong dd chu trgng bdi dudng,
xay dung sd lugng Idn nhdn tdi cdp cao va ky
ndng cao thich img vdi sir nghiep eai each md
cira va xay dung hidn dai hda xa hdi ehii
nghia, tir dd keo theo vide xay dimg toan bd
ddi ngii nhan tai Quyit dinh eiing ndu Idn
nhirng quan didm chi dao vd vide didu chinh
kdt cau nhan tai trong dd ydu cau phai Uii tinh
day dil su phat tridn cua thanh thi va ndng
thdn, sir phat tridn ciia khu •virc sir phat tridn
ciia kinh td - xa hdi sir phat tridn hai hda ciia
con ngudi va tir nhidn, yeu cau phat tridn
Uong nudc va md cira ddi ngoai Quyit dinh
ciing xac dinh phai ddi mdi ca ehd thue thi cdng tac nhan tai, tdi uu boa mdi trudng boat ddng ciia nhan tai, eu thd la: "Sire sdng ciia nhan tai dugc quydt dinh d co chd va mdi trudng Tuan thii quy luat phat tridn ngudn lire nhan tai, kidn tri xu hudng cai each thi trudng phan bd ngudn lire nhan tai, tang eudng va cai thidn didu tiet vl md, xay dimg ca chd cdng tac nhan tai Uan diy ca hdi va siic sdng Ddc sire xay dimg bau khdng khi tdt dep cd lgi cho sir xuat hidn manh me sd lugng Idn va sir trudng thanh lanh manh nhan tai uu hi, hinh thanh mdi trudng xa hdi cd vii nhan tai tao dung sir nghidp img hd nhan tai lam ndn su nghidp giup dd nhan tai thanh cdng Uong sir
nghidp" Trong Quyet dinh, cac quan diem
chung ndi trdn da dugc cu thd hda thanh nhung dinh hudng chinh sach rat cu thd Cimg vdi cac van kidn quan Ugng khac ciia
Dang va Nha nudc Trung Qudc, Di cuong va
Quyet dinh la nhung dinh budng vi md ma
Udn dd cac cap cbinb quydn d Trung Qudc da xay dung nen nhirng chinh sach cu thd vd dao tao, thu hilt, sir dung nhan tai, Uong dd ndi bat
la chinh saeh vd thu hut nhan tai Nhin mgt each tdng quat chinh sach thu hut nhan tai d Trung Qudc tap trung vao may ndi dung sau:
Thu nhdt, thu hut nhan tai dira Udn chinh
saeh nang cao mire do dai ngd vd ddi sdng vat chat Day dugc coi la bidn phap ehu ydu Uong thu hilt nhan tai, ea nhan tai Uong nudc va nhan tai qudc td Chang ban, chinh quydn tinh
Ha Nam dua ra chinh sach: Luong mdt nam ciia Vidn si ludng vien cdng tac d Ha Nam khdng thap hon 12 van nhan dan td; nhan
Trang 7THU'C TlEN-KINH NGHIEM
vidn, giao su hudng din nghien cim sinh dugc
xep vao cap 1, cap 2 Uong "Cdng Uinh tram,
nghin, van nhan tai" eua Nha nudc, dugc co
quan biiu quan phd chuan thi tidn trg cip
chtic danh mdi nam cd thd tir 5 ddn 8 van
nhan dan td; eac tidn si tham gia cdng tac day
hgc, nghidn cim d eae don vi sir nghidp, can
cir vao nang lire, cuong vi va thanh tich, cd
the duge trg cap tir 3 ddn 6 van nhan dan td
mdt nam; ddi vdi cac giao su mdi dac bidt tbi
trg cap theo cuong vi la 12 van nhan dan td
mdt nam, ngoai ra cdn dugc hudng cac dai
ngd khac vd bao hidm, phuc Igi Cac chuydn
gia nudc ngoai ddn Ha Nam lam vide thi thii
lao theo thda thuan vdi don vi sir dung,
nhung trung binh mdi nam khdng thap bon
10 van nhan dan td'^; v.v () tinh An Huy,
trg cap thdm cua vidn si tinh trung binh
khdng dudi 20 van nhan dan td mdt nam, cua
giao su hudng dan nghidn cuu sinh tinh trung
binh khdng dudi 10 van nhan dan td mdt
nam'^, v.v
Thu hai, tao dung mdi trudng hgc thuat,
mdi trudng cdng tac tdt Chinh quydn cac cap
d Trung Qudc xac dinh, ddi vdi nhan tai khoa
hgc ky thuat, dac bidt la nhan tai cao cap thi
vide cd hay khdng mdi trudng lam vide tdt la
mdt tidu chuan quan trgng dd lira chgn noi
sdng, noi cdng tac Chinh vi vay, cbinb sach
thu hut nhan tai ciing dugc tap trung vao vide
thda man didu kidn eu thd nhu:
- Cung cip quy nghidn cim khoa hgc dudi cac
hinh thirc: "Quy khdi ddng nghidn curu khoa
hgc", "Quy hd trg nghien cim khoa hgc", "Quy
hoan ehinh nghidn cim khoa hgc", v.v Chang
han, Ihong tri cua Bd Nhan sir Trung Qudc quy
dinh: "Hd trg kinh phi Ugng didm cho 100 nhan
vidn uu Ui du hgc nudc ngoai vd nudc tridn khai
boat ddng nghidn ciru, mire kinh phi hd trg mdi
ngudi khoang 10 van nhan dan td"'^;
- Md rdng mire do uu dai thud va khen thudng thanh qua nghidn cim khoa hgc Chang han, tir nam 1992, d Chu Hai bat diu thue hidn chd do khen thudng theo hinh thirc cap nha, cap xe va nhung khoan tidn Idn cho nhimg ngudi lam khoa hgc - ky thuat ed ddng gdp ndi bat cho sir nghidp xay dung dac khu d dia
phuong d Phuc Kidn, chinh quydn dja phuong
cd thd midn thud thu nhap ea nhan cho nhting ngudi lam cdng tac thidt kd phan mdm cd phan mdm dugc cap ban quydn sang chd, ngoai ra cdn eho phep cac xi nghidp hoy theo tinh hinh thue td ed thd trich ddn 10% lgi nhuan sau thud lam tien thudng,v.v ;
- Xay dung chd do chirc danh mdi, day ciing la mdt bidn phap quan trgng dd thu hut nhan tai Chinh quydn thanh phd Thugng Hai quy dinh: Ddi vdi nhirng nhan vidn quan ly hoac nhan vidn ky thuat chuydn nganh cd nhung thanh tich ndi bat trong cac xi nghidp khoa bgc ky thuat cd thd dugc pha each trao nhirng chirc vu trung, cao cap, khdng ban ehd
vd hgc van, thdi gian nham chirc
Khuydn khich kidm chirc Chang ban chinh quyen thanh phd Bae Kinh dua ra chinh sach: Khuyen khich cae giao su, nha nghien cim cua cac vien, Uudng, eo quan nghidn cim thdng qua cac hmh thirc chuyen trach hoac kidm chire dd lap ra hoac tham gia cac xi nghidp ky thuat cao, tien hanh nghidn cim va khai thac eae ky thuat mdi hoac san pham ky thuat mdi, trong then ky nham chirc d xi
Trang 8THU'C TliN-KINH NGHIEM
nghiep, tu each giao su, nha nghien cim dugc
giir nguydn; khuydn khich eae vidn, trudng,
CO quan nghidn cim mdi cae nha quan ly hoac
nhan vidn ky thuat eao cap cua eac xi nghidp
kidm chirc giao su, nha nghidn cim
Thu ba, nang eao dia vi ehinh tri cho eac
nhan tai Do anh hudng ciia truydn thdng
"quan ban vj" ndn d Trung Qudc, vide giao
dam nhidm ebtie vto hoac cd su dai ngd cao vd
chinh Ui van la mdt bidn phap quan Ugng dd
thu hut nhan tai Trong ban De cuang da ndi d
Udn cd quy dinh phai "theo nguydn tac tin
nhidm day du, manh tay sir dung, nam chac,
nghien cim, chd dinh cae bidn phap eu thd
nham tuydn chgn nhirng nhan vidn du hge uu
til trd vd nudc dam nhidm cac chirc vto lanh
dao, nhiing trudng hgp dac bidt uu hi cd thd
pha each cat nhac Tuydn chgn nhung nhan
vien du hgc trd vd nudc cd dao dtic, tai nang,
ed tidm lire phat tridn dua vao didn quy hoach,
tidn hanh bdi dudng trgng didm"
Ngoai cae ehinh sach tieu bidu ndi tren, nhidu
cap chinh quyen edn ap dung eac chinh sach khac
nhu quan tam ddn gia dinh, van dd gidi, van dd
dang ky hd khau, van dd cu tru, tu do di lai, v.v.,
nhim thu but nhan tai
Cd thd ndi dudng Idi va ehinh saeh dao tao,
thu hut, sir dung nhan tai ciia Trung Qudc cd tir
sdm va kha rd rang, cu thd ndn da gdp phan
khdng nhd tao ra nhiong thanh qua Uong phat
tridn kinh td, van hda, xa hdi ciia dit nudc
Trung Qudc may thap nidn vira qua
Mdt trong nhiing nguydn nhan dan den
thanh cdng "ngoan muc" ciia Trung Qudc
trong ba thap ky qua, kd tir khi thuc hien
dudng Idi cai each md cira (nam 1979) den
nay chinh la da bidt each khai thae va sir dung ngudn lire eon ngudi, mdt ngudn lire
dac biet va vd ciing to Idn de phuc 'vio cac
muc tieu va nhiem vu phat tridn kinh td-xa hdi dat nudc Dudng Idi, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc Trung Qudc eiing nhu nhung kinh nghidm eiia mdt sd trung tam giao due va khoa hge Idn d Trung Qudc trong vide phat huy ngudn lire con ngudi, nhat la trong dao tao, thu htot, sir dung nhan tai la nhung bai hgc tham khao hiru Ich cho Viet Nam trong cdng euge eai each ndn giao due qudc gia, xay dung va phat tridn ngudn nhan lire tri tue chat lugng eao, dap img ydu eau eiia sir nghidp CNH, HDH va chan hung dat nudc trong thd ky XXI
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Dang
Tieu Binh: Bdn ve cdi cdch vd md cira cda Trung Qudc NXB The gidi, Ha Noi, 1995, tr 7, 11, 189,
518,12, 15,21,75,95,125, 149,405,190,25 15.NgLi6n: hnp7'/www.edLi.cn20020613/3058823 shtml
16 Nguon: htlp7'/newsAinhuanetconv'zhengfii2003-12/31/cort£ntJ256161Jitm
17 Xem "Mot sd y kien ve tang cudng them mot budc xay dung dpi ngu nhan tai ky thuat chuyen nganh cao cap" Ha Nam, 2001, so 10
18 Xem "Mot so y kien ve viec khuyen khich doi mdi khoa hoc ky thuat cua nhan vien ky thuat chuyen nganh", An Huy, 13-12-2001
19 Xem "Thong tri ciia Bo Nhan sir ve viec Ho
trg kinh phi Uong diem cho 100 nhan vien uu tu du
hoc nudc ngoai ve nudc Uien khai hoat dong nghien ciru", 1995,86 144