một số giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của trung tâm học tập cộng đồng góp phần xây dựng xã hội học tập ở nghệ an

Trong giai doan trudc mit, cung vdi viec phat trien he thong giao due ban dau trong nha trudng chinh quy, cin phai cham lo cho giao due thudng xuyen nhu la mot hinh thuc huy dong tiem na

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M d D A U 1 Chu^cmg 1: CO SO LY LUAN CUA DE TAX 6

1.1 Tdng quan van de nghien cuu 6

1.1.1 Cac nghien cuu tren the gidi ve TTHTCD 6

1.1.2 Cac nghien cuu d Viet Nam v^ TTHTCD 10

1.2 Cac khai niem ca ban cua de tai 11

1.2.1 Giao due cong dong 11

1.2.2 Trung tam hgc tap cgng ddng 12

1.2.3 Xahgi hgc tap 13

1.2.4 Xay dung XHHT 15

1.3 Quan diem cua Dang, Nha nudc va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien

cac hinh thuc giao due cgng dong 15

1.3.1 Quan diem cua Dang va Nha nudc ve phat trien cac hinh thuc giao due

cgng dong 15 1.3.2 Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien cac hinh thuc giao due cgng dong

22 1.4 Hoat dgng cua cac TTHTCD hien nay 25

1.4.1 Van dt t6 chuc TTHTCD 25

1.4.2 Van de quan ly TTHTCD 27

Chucmg 2: THlTC TRANG HOAT DONG CUA TRUNG TAM HOC

TAP CQNG DONG 6 NGHE AN 29

> ^ F •\ F

2.1 Khai quat ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te xa hgi va truyen thong lich su,

van hoa ciia Nghe An 29

2.1.1 Dieu kien tu nhien 29

2.1.3 Truyen thong lich su va van hoa 30

2.2 Thuc trang xay dung TTHTCD d Nghe An 31

2.2.1 Nhan thuc vh TTHTCD d Nghe An 31

2.2.1.1 Nhan thuc cua can bg huyen, xa v8 TTHTCD (nhom 1) 32

2.2.1.2 Nhan thuc ciia ngudi dan v^ nhu ciu hoc tap ciia hg d cgng dong

(nhom 2) 35 2.2.2 Thuc trang xay dung TTHTCD d Nghe An 38

2.2.2.1 Ket qua dat dugc 38

2.2.2.2 Nguyen nhan thanh cong 41

2.2.2.3 Ton tai, kho khan 42

2.2.2.4 Nguyen nhan ton tai, kho khan 43

2.2.3 Thuc trang hoat dgng ciia Ban quan ly TTHTCD 44

2.2.4 Thuc trang hoat dong cua 5 TTHTCD du kien xay dung mo hinh 49

2.2.6.2 Thuc trang xay dung va phat trien TTHTCD d tinh Ha TTnh 61

F \ t

2.2.6.3 Mgt so kinh nghiem ve xay dung, phat trien va hoat dgng cua

TTHTCD d Thanh Hoa va Ha TTnh 64

2.2.7 Thuc trang su dung cac giai phap de nang cao hieu qua hoat dgng cua

TTHTCD gop phan xay dimg xa hoi hgc tap d Nghe An 64

Chuang 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT

DONG CUA TTHTCD GOP PHAN XAY DITNG XHHT O NGHE AN

66

3.1.1 Nguyen tac dam bao tinh muc tieu 66

F

3.1.2 Nguyen tac dam bao tinh kha thi 66

F \

3.2 Mgt sd giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua TTHTCD gop phan

xay dung XHHT d Nghe An 66

3.2.1 Giai phap nang cao nhan thuc cho can bo, dang vien va nhan dan ve vai

tro lanh dao cua Dang, quan ly ciia Nha nudc doi vdi TTHTCD 66

F 1

3.2.2 Giai phap coi trgng vai tro tham muu va phoi hgp to chuc thuc hien cya

Hgi Khuyen hgc 68

3.2.3 Giai phap lira chgn Ban quan ly TTHTCD 69

3.2.4 Giai phap nang cao nang lire lanh dao cua BQL TTHTCD 70

F

3.2.7.2 Ca che quan ly 86

3.2.8 To chuc bien soan chuang trinh, ngi dung hgc tap d cac TTHTCD 87

3.3 Ket qua tham do tinh kha thi cua cac giai phap de xuat nham nang cao

hieu qua hoat dgng ciia TTHTCD g6p phan xay dung XHHT d Nghe An 89

MO HINH TTHTCD MAU 95

DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 101

PHU LUC NGHIEN ClTU 103

1 Ly do chon de tai:

Budc vao the ky 21, giao due va dao tao tinh Nghe An ciing nhu giao

due trong ca nudc da thu dugc nhiing thanh qua quan trgng ve md rong quy

mo, nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua, da dang hoa cac hinh thuc giao due va

F F F

nang cap ca sd vat chat cho nha trudng Trinh do dan tri dugc nang cao Chat

lugng giao due co chuyen bien budc dau He thong giao due da dugc da dang

hoa ve loai hinh, phuang thuc va nguon luc tirng budc hoa nhap vdi xu the

chung cua giao due cac nudc trong khu vuc va tren the gidi Tir mgt he thong

chi co cac trudng cong lap va chu yen la loai hinh chinh quy, den nay da co

cac trudng ngoai cong lap, co nhieu loai hinh giao due thudng xuyen, cac

phuang thuc dao tao dap ung nhu can ngudi hpc

Mac du da dat dugc nhiing thanh tuu nhu vay, nhung nhin chung giao

due tinh nha van con yeu ve chat lugng, mat can doi ve ca can, hieu qua giao

due chua cao, giao due chua gan bo vdi thuc tien, Cac hinh thuc giao due

thudng xuyen, giao due ngoai nha trudng, dac biet cho ngudi lao dong chua

F

dugc chu trgng dung muc Nhin chung chat lugng va hieu qua nang cao dan

tri, dao tao nhan lire va boi dudng nhan tai con thap, chua dap ung dugc nhu

cau ciia dat nudc trong giai doan mdi

Nguyen nhan ciia nhung yeu kem tren trudc het la do quan diem "gido

F \ \ due Id qudc sdch hdng ddu" ciia Dang va Nha nudc chua dugc nhan thuc day

du va thuc su chi dao hanh dgng trong mgt bg phan can bg lanh dao quan ly

cac cap Giao due van con xem nhu la cong viec rieng ciia nganh giao due;

F F y F

chua tao ra dugc su lien ket, phoi hgp dong bg giiia cac nganh, cac cap, cac

1 1

luc lugng xa hgi va nganh giao due de cham lo phat trien sir nghiep giao due

Hien nay, su phat trien manh me cua khoa hgc va cdng nghe, sir phat

.J •\ F y

trien nang dgng ciia cac nen kinh te, qua trinh hoi nhap va toan cau h6a dang

nen tang cua sir phat trien khoa hgc - cong nghe, phat trien nguon nhan lire dap ung nhu cau cua xa hgi hien dai Do do, giao due phai doi mdi va phat trien dap ung nhu cau ngay cang Idn ciia moi tang ldp nhan dan ve hgc tap de nang cao kien thuc, co them ky nang mdi trong nghe nghiep, hoan thien hon niia nhimg pham chat va nang luc cin thiit cho thdi ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va hoi nhap quoc te

Trong giai doan trudc mit, cung vdi viec phat trien he thong giao due ban dau trong nha trudng chinh quy, cin phai cham lo cho giao due thudng xuyen nhu la mot hinh thuc huy dong tiem nang ciia cong dong de xay dung

xa hgi hgc tap phu hgp vdi hoan canh va dieu kien ciia ca nhan, tao ca hoi cho dong dao ngudi lao dgng dugc tiep tuc hpc tap, dugc boi duang kien thuc gop

phan nang cao dan tri va chat lugng nguon nhan lire, dong thdi dap ung yeu

cau chuyen ddi nghe nghiep, chuyen doi ca cau kinh te

Nghi quyet Dai hgi lan thii X ciia Dang da khang dinh: "Chuyen ddn

mo hinh gido due hien nay sang md hinh gido due md - md hinh xd hgi hgc

F F tap v&i he thdng hoc tap sudt dai, ddo tgo lien tuc, lien thdng giUa cdc bac hoc, ngdnh hoc; xdy dung vd phdt trien he thdng hgc tiip cho mgi ngudi vd nhimg hinh thdc hgc tap, thuc hdnh linh hoat, dap dng nhu cdu hgc tap thuang xuyen; tgo nhieu khd ndng, co hgi khdc nhau cho ngudi hgc, bdo ddm

su cong bdng xd hgi trong gido due"

Trung tam hpc tap cgng dong (TTHTCD) dugc thanh lap nhim dap

^ X •* >

ling nhu cau hpc tap cua cong dong, do cong dong va vi cong dong, phuc vu

F

viec hpc tap thudng xuyen, hpc tap suot ddi cho mpi ngudi tai cac xa,

phudng, thi tran theo phuang cham trudc mat la "ca« gi hgc ndy\ sau dd

tirng budc nang cao trinh dp ve mpi mat ciia ngudi dan

nhanh, hoat dgng da dat dugc mgt ket qua nhat dinh nhung hieu qua chua cao

te - xa hgi va hudng tdi mpt xa hpi hpc tap

Tuy nhien, doi vdi nudc ta noi chung va Nghe An noi rieng, TTHTCD

la mpt md hinh mdi, chua dugc dinh hinh ro net, qua trinh hoat dpng con

vudng mac, lung tiing ve nhieu mat nhu to chuc quan ly, chuang trinh, npi

dung hpc tap, ca che chinh sach can thiet de no ton tai va phat trien

Vi vay, viec de ra cac giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua

TTHTCD gop phan xay dung xa hpi hpc tap la het siic can thiet ca trudc mat

va lau dai

2 Muc dfch nghien ciru cua de tai:

Khao sat dieu tra, danh gia tinh hinh, phan tich nguyen nhan nham tim

F 1

ra mpt sd giai phap de nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua trung tam hpc tap

^ F

cong dong d xa, phudng, thi tran

3 Khach the va doi tugng nghien cuu:

3.1 Khach the nghien ciiu:

Hoat dpng ciia TTHTCD hien nay

F

3.2 Ddi tugng nghien ciiu:

Mgt so giai phap nang cao hoat dpng cua TTHTCD dl gop phin xay

dung xa hpi hpc tap d Nghe An

4 Gia thuyet khoa hoc:

Hoat dpng cua TTHTCD d Nghe An hien nay chua dat dugc chit lugng

F \

va hieu qua mong muon do nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung trong do co nguyen

•\ F F

nhan ve nhiing giai phap thieu ca sd khoa hgc va thieu tinh kha thi Tim dugc

nhiing giai phap thich hgp se co the thao ga nhiing liing tiing hien nay

5.1.1 Nghien ciiu ca sd ly luan ciia viec xay dung TTHTCD

5.1.2 Tim hilu thirc trang hoat dgng cua TTHTCD d Nghe An

•\ F F J / \ •*

5.1.3 De xuat mpt so giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua

TTHTCD gdp phan xay dung xa hpi hpc tap d Nghe An

5.2 Pham vi nghien ciiu:

Nghien ciiu mpt so giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng ciia

TTHTCD dudi goc dp quan ly to chiic hoat dpng, quan ly npi dung chuang

F

trinh, phoi hgp cac chuang trinh dir an, quan ly tai chinh, quan ly ca sd vat

chat tren dia ban tinh Nghe An

6 Phuong phap luan va phuong phap nghien cuu:

6.1 Phuang phap luan:

6.1.1 Phuang phap duy vat bien chiing va duy vat lich sii

6.1.2 Phuang phap tiep can he thong

6.2 Phuang phap nghien ciiu:

6.2.1 Nhom phuang phap nghien ciiu ly luan: Phan tich, tong hgp ly

thuyet; khai quat hoa cac nhan dinh dpc lap

6.2.2 Nhom phuang phap nghien ciiu thuc tien: Dieu tra; khao sat;

•tit 1 F F F

danh gia thuc tien; tong ket kinh nghiem; lay y kien chuyen gia

F •> F

6.2.3 Phuang phap thong ke toan hpc de xii ly so lieu

7 Nhung luan diem can bao ve:

7.1 TTHTCD la mpt loai hinh ciia phuang thiic giao due thudng xuyen

F -^ ^

tai cac dia ban dan cu xa, phudng, thi tran la nai ngudi dan can gi hpc nay,

hpc thudng xuyen va hpc suot ddi

7.2 Xay dung cac TTHTCD la mpt cupc van dpng each mang to Idn

nham tao ra sir thay doi xa hpi sau sac ve mat giao due nham nang cao dan tri

dao tao nhan lire tu do gop phan quan trpng de phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua

dia phuang

7.3 Nang cao nhan thiic; da dang hoa cac chuang trinh, npi dung, linh

hoat ve hinh thiic hpc tap la nhiing yeu to quan trpng nham nang cao hieu

qua hoat dpng ciia TTHTCD gop phan xay dung xa hpi hpc tap d Nghe An

8 Nhung dong gop mdi:

> A t F

- Dong gop ve mat ly luan: De tai nghien ciiu, tong hgp ly thuyet, phan

tich, khai quat hoa cac nhan dinh dgc lap de tir do bo sung ve mat ly luan hoat

dgng ciia TTHTCD va xay dung xa hpi hpc tap

- Dong gop ve mat thuc tien: Thong qua khao sat thuc tien hoat dpng

\ F \

ciia TTHTCD nham ciing co, hoan thien va de ra dugc cac giai phap nang cao

hieu qua hoat dgng cua TTHTCD gop phan xay dung xa hgi hgc tap In sach

^ •> •? F F

nhu ten ciia de tai de pho bien rgng rai d cac TTHTCD xa, phudng, thi tran

tren toan tinh Can bg quan ly cac trung tam hpc tap cong dong dugc tap huan

1.1 Tong quan van de nghien cuu:

l.Ll Cdc nghien cieu tren the gi&i ve TTHTCD vd qudn ly

TTHTCD:

Khuyen nghi ciia Hgi dong Quoc tl vl giao due cho the ky XXI

(thugc UNESCO): "Giao due dong mgt vai tro co ban trong sir phat triin cua

ca nhan va xa hpi Ba doi tac dong vai tro quan trpng cho sir thanh cong ciia

cac each giao due la: Trudc het la cong dong dia phuang, nhat la cac bac cha

me, ngudi diing dau cac to chiic xa hpi va cac nha giao; thii hai la chinh

quyen dia phuang; thii ba la cong dong quoc te Da co nhieu that bai trong

F \ F

qua khii, do sir cam ket khong day dii ciia mpt trong nhiing doi tac do Nhiing

y do cai each giao due ap dat tu cap cao nhat, hoac tu ben ngoai deu khong

mpt trong nhimg giai phap quan trpng de phat trien cong dong va de cong

dong tham gia vao qua trinh cai each giao due can thiet phai xay dung va phat

trien cac ca sd giao due cong dong" [9, 18]

- CJ Nhat Ban, ngudi de xuat ra mo hinh TTHTCD la Giao su Teranaka

Sakuto (GS Trudng Dai hpc Matsumoto), mpt nha cai each giao due Nhat

Ban sau chien tranh the gidi thii 2 Nhat Ban goi TTHTCD la Komikan Hoat

F F ,

dpng ciia cac Komikan lien quan sau sac den viec xay dung dat nudc Nhat

F \ F

Ban sau chien tranh va trd thanh nen mong viing chac trong viec xay dung

cong dong Nhat Ban ngay nay

Sd Komikan d Nhat Ban phat trien qua cac nam: 3.534 trung tam (nam

1947), 20.268 trung tam (nam 1950), 19.410 trung tam (nam 1963), 17.562

trung tam (nam 1993), 17.947 trung tam (nam 2002) Nam 2006, d Nhat Ban

dia phuang va 76.883 Komikan tu quan

Viec ho trg kinh phi hoat dpng cho cac Komikan la ket qua ciia viec ra

ddi Dao luat giao due - xa hpi Nhat Ban nam 1949, coi Komikan la mpt bp

F

phan ciia he thong giao due ngudi Idn/giao due thudng xuyen

F y

Theo bao cao ciia GS Akiko Hurusa, Giam doc trung tam nguon

Komikan ciia thanh pho Matsumoto, thi kinh phi ho trg cho mgt Komikan

nguon (d quan, huyen) thugc thanh pho Matsumoto la 71.340.000 Yen/1 nam

(tuang duong vdi 710.000 USD)

So do he thong quan ly TTHTCD d Nhat Ban

Ciia nhan dan noi rieng va toan bg dat nudc noi chung Nhan dan dugc xac

dinh la nhan to quan trpng nhat cho sir phat trien ciia dit nudc va cin phai

dugc trang bi nhung kien thiic va kha nang thiet yeu de thich iing vdi nhiing

d moi khu vuc hanh chinh co trung tam nguon; d cap huyen co trung tam

GDTX va d cip xa co TTHTCD

Nam 2006, d Thai Lan co 7 trung tam ngu6n (rieng Thii do Bangkok co

3 trung tam), 858 trung tam GDTX cip huyen va 7.000 TTHTCD cip xa

Tong bien che cho cac trung tam nay la 10.600 ngudi (rieng so bien che cho 7

trung tam nguon la 400 ngudi) Trung tam nguon co nhiem vu dieu phoi cac

hoat dgng ve tai chinh (phan phoi nguon tai chinh tir ngan sach nha nudc va

cac nguon tai trg nudc ngoai), nhan sir (dieu phoi, can bg quan ly, nhan vien)

cho cac trung tam GDTX va TTHTCD Trung tam GDTX cip huyen dilu

phoi giao vien, tap huan can bg, ho trg ve hpc lieu cho cac TTHTCD

Ngan sach Nha nudc danh cho hoat dpng GDTX d Thai Lan khoang 4

^ F

ty Bat/1 nam Ngoai ra nguon dong gop tir khu vuc tu nhan chiem khoang

10% ngan sach Nha nudc

Nguyen tic dilu hanh va hoat dpng ciia TTHTCD d Thai Lan nhu sau:

1) TTHTCD la cua dan, do dan va vi dan Ngudi diing dau trung tam

phai cd dinh hudng cu the de phat trien trung tam, dam bao de mpi ngudi deu

CO ca hpi hpc tap

F y

2) TTHTCD hoat dpng theo ca che md Mpi ngudi trong cong dong co

the den hpc bat cii liic nao

3) TTHTCD phai trd thanh cau noi thong tin giiia mpi ngudi, gan dugc

viec hgc chii vdi viec thuc hanh trong cupc song hang ngay

4) TTHTCD phai co mang ludi lien ket vdi cac ca sd giao due, vdi cac

t F

to chiic xa hpi, cac ca sd san xuat va cac chuyen gia tren cac ITnh vuc

Ve chinh sach quan ly TTHTCD:

1) Su dung TTHTCD nhu mpt cong cu quan trpng de dieu hanh va to

chiic hoat dpng chung ciia cong dong

3) Ket hgp chat che cac chuang trinh giao due vdi truyen thong va nhu

y F y

cau thuc te ciia cgng dong

4) Cho phep mpi ngudi trong cong dong sd hiru va danh gia chat lugng,

hieu qua hoat dpng ciia trung tam

5) Phan cong it nhit mpt giao vien tham gia quan ly cac chuang trinh

giao due ciia trung tam

Mo hinh quan ly TTHTCD d Thai Lan

Trung tam nguon (cap vung)

Trung tam GDTX cap huyen

Du an phat trien TTHTCD trong khuon kho Chuang trinh Chau A

-Thai Binh Duang ve giao due cho mpi ngudi (APPEAL) da trien khai tu nam

F F

1998, TTHTCD phuc vu cho cac doi tugng ngudi Idn, thanh thieu nien thugc

F y

mgi doi tugng trong cong dong thong qua cac hoat dpng xoa mu chu va

GDTX TTHTCD giiip ngudi hpc co dugc lugng thong tin chii yeu va nhiing

kien thiic, ky nang can thiet cho sir phat trien ciia ca nhan, gia dinh va xa hgi

Din nam 2005, chuang trinh phat triin TTHTCD ciia UNESCO da dugc triin

khai tai 20 quoc gia trong khu vuc

Sau mpt thdi gian thuc hien, cac quoc gia tham gia du an phat trien TTHTCD da co nhiing danh gia tich cue, coi TTHTCD nhu la mpt co chl co hieu qua de thue hien xoa mu chu va GDTX Nhieu quoc gia ciing bao cao ve

nhu cau phat trien toan dien eiia cong dong, trong do TTHTCD dong vai tro quan trpng trong cac hoat dpng giao due, y te, nong nghiep, phat trien cong dong d nong thon De lam dugc viec do, can phai nang cao nang luc cho can bg quan ly eiia TTHTCD va xay dung moi quan he, lien ket chat che vdi cac to chiic, ca quan va doanh nghiep dong tren dia ban Do ciing la muc dich, muc tieu ciia "Du an xay dung moi lien ket va mang ludi hoat dgng trong cac TTHTCD" dugc tai trg tu Quy ho trg ciia Nhat Ban va tu ngan sach ciia UNESCO vdi sir tham gia ciia 6 quoc gia trong khu vuc la Indonesia, Bangladesh, Trung Quoc, Phillippines va Thai Lan

UNESCO to chiic Hgi nghi dai biiu cua cac quoc gia trong khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong de hgc tap va trao doi kinh nghiem ve to chiic cac hoat dgng tai cgng dong theo mo hinh Komikan (TTHTCD kieu Nhat Ban) Hgi nghi to chiic tai thanh pho Matsumoto, Nhat Ban tu 03-08/8/2006

Tir nhiing nghien ciiu tren ta co the riit ra ket luan: Mo hinh giao due cong dong thong qua cac TTHTCD dang la xu the pho bien ciia khu vuc, la

ca sd thiet yeu de xay dung XHHT

s

1.1.2 Cdc nghien cieu & Viet Nam ve TTHTCD:

Mo hinh TTHTCD lan dau tien dugc gidi thieu d Viet Nam nam 1998

' * ' ' F F 1

Cac no lire quoc gia cung vdi sir trg giiip quoc te ciia cac to chiic UNESCO

va Hiep hgi quoc gia UNESCO Nhat Ban da chiing minh rang mo hinh TTHTCD va nhiing ket qua hoat dgng vua qua la phuang tien hiiu hieu mang lai cac ca hgi hpc tap eho nhiing ngudi thiet thoi Do vay, mo hinh nay cd thi dong gop vao qua trinh xoa doi giam ngheo va phat triin cong ddng mpt each ben viing

Nghien ciiu gin day cho thiy TTHTCD thue sir co tae dpng true tilp va

F F F y

tich cue den chat lugng cugc song ciia ngudi dan Nhieu ngudi dugc hoi cho

rang sir tu tin va chii dgng ciia ngudi dan cung nhu sir tham gia ciia hp trong

cac hoat dpng ciia cong dong da dugc cai thien

Din thang 5/2005, ca nudc co 5.384 TTHTCD tren t6ng s6 10.770 xa,

phudng, thi trin (dat ty le tuang duang 50% so xa, phudng, thi tran trong ca

nudc c6 TTHTCD) Dac biet, co 9 tinh/thanh ph6 dat 100% s6 xa, phudng, thi

trin c6 TTHTCD la Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Phii Thp, Bic Ninh, Nam Dinh,

VTnh Phiic, Da Nlng, Hai Duong va Dong Thap

Ca nudc hien eo khoang 9.000 TTHTCD, 100% so tinh, thanh pho true

thuoc Trung uang to chiic TTHTCD, han 50% so tinh, thanh da xay dung

dugc 100% so xa phudng co TTHTCD, trong do tren 50% trung tam hoat

dgng kha va tot, 25% trung tam hoat dpng trung binh Dang chii y, hau het

cac dia phuang co TTHTCD dang hoat dpng con ngheo Dau tu ban dau rat

han che Ca sd vat chat cho hoat dpng cac TTHTCD con thieu thon, thieu

phuang tien quan ly, do dung hpc tap va tai lieu hpc tap

1.2 Cac khai niem co ban cua de tai:

1.2.1 Gido due cong dong:

y

- Giao due cong dong la phuang thiie giao due do ngudi dan trong cong

X F F f 1 y

dong (xa, phudng, thi tran, thon, ban, khoi pho) to chiic nham dap iing nhu

cau hpc tap ciia hp Ca sd giao due cong dong thuc hien nhieu chiic nang

khac nhau, trong do quan trpng nhat la chiic nang thong tin tu van, truyen ba,

7 F F F f

pho cap nhirng npi dung thiet thuc nhat, phu hgp nhat vdi tung loai doi tugng

ngudi hgc, vdi nhiing dieu kien, hoan canh ciia tung dia phuang, tirng cong

dong dan cu

- Giao due cong dong mang tinh tu nguyen cao, nhung can co sir quan

F

tam, lanh dao thudng xuyen cua cap iiy Dang, vai tro quan ly ciia chinh

quyen, co sir phoi hgp chat che ciia cac ban, nganh, doan the ca sd va vdi cac

CO sd giao due chinh quy tai dia phuang

1.2.2 Trung tdm hpc tap cdng dong:

- TTHTCD la ca sd giao due thudng xuyen dat d cac xa, phudng, thi

tran nam trong he thong giao due quoc dan Dugc ca quan Nha nudc hudng

dan do chinh quyen dia phuang diing ra thanh lap va quan ly, nham giiip

ngudi dan tiep can, cap nhat nhirng thong tin mdi nhat ve kinh te, ky thuat de

ling dung vao san xuat, kinh doanh gdp phan nang cao chat lugng cupc song

cua ngudi dan va phat trien cong dong thong qua viec tao co hpi hpc tap suot

ddi cho hp TTHTCD la ca sd giao due ciia dan, do dan quan ly va dieu hanh

dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang va chinh quyen dia phuang

- TTHTCD la nai ma ngudi dan trong xa, phudng, thi tran co the den

do de hpc chir, hpc tap dudng loi chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nudc, hpc

X F I F F I ' ^ - i y v X

nghe; du cac ldp tap huan ky thuat; nghe pho bien cac kien thiic pho thong ve

khoa hpc va ddi song; dpc sach bao; de nghi can bp Trung tam gop y giai

F F F F F

quyet mot so kho khan, vudng mac nay sinh trong san xuat va ddi song; tham

gia cac hoat dpng chinh trj, van nghe, the thao, vui chai, giai tri TTHTCD

7 7 F F

con la nai cac ban, nganh, doan the td chiic sinh hoat; phoi ket hgp vdi nhau

nham thuc hien thanh cong cac chuang trinh kinh te - van h6a - xa hgi - an

ninh chinh tri d dia phuang

- TTHTCD la mo hinh giao due mdi d Viet Nam, ngoai nha trudng

7 F 1

dugc to chiic tren cac dia ban xa, phudng, thi tran, tap trung vao viec to chiic

y F f

cac hinh thiic hgc tap da dang, theo hudng can gi hgc nay cho nhirng doi

tugng la ngudi lao dpng

- TTHTCD CO the co nhimg vai tro sau: Xac dinh va giai quyet cac nhu

X X

cau va lgi ich ciia cgng dong thong qua cac hoat dgng ciia minh; huy dgng cac

^ y F F r

nguon lire cua cong dong; thiet lap moi lien ket va hgp tac chat che va thudng

xuyen vdi cac ban nganh, doan the va cac to chiic phi chinh phii; chi dao danh

X F t

gia cac hoat dgng nham nit kinh nghiem cho viec lap ke hoach phat trien

tuang lai; thu thap va luu trii ho so, so lieu ve cac hoat dgng cua TTHTCD;

/ X X 7

huan luyen can bp nham tao tiem lire de hp cong tac co hieu qua han

- TTHTCD CO bon chiic nang, do la: giao due va dao tao; thong tin va

/ •> X F F 1 F

tu van; phat trien cong dong; lien ket va phoi hgp De thuc hien bon chiic

nang tren, TTHTCD dua tren nhu cau ciia cong dong va kha nang cho phep,

to chiic cac hoat dpng khac nhau Noi chung TTHTCD co nhieu hoat dpng

Co the xep cac hoat dpng do thanh bay loai nhu sau: Xoa mu chii va nang cao

trinh dp van hoa cho nhan dan; hinh thanh va nang cao ky nang lao dpng;

F F

nang cao chat lugng cugc song; hpc tap theo sd thich; cac dich vu thong tin;

van hoa dia phuang; the due the thao, vui chai giai tri

1.2.3 Xa hoi hgc tap (XHHT):

Khai niem XHHT lan dau tien xuat hien trong ban bao cao "Hpc de lam

ngudi" trinh UNESCO nam 1972 ciia "Hpi dong quoc te ve phat trien giao

the gidi To chiic cac nudc trong Hpi dong kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong

(APEC) hpp thang 4/2000, Hpi nghi thugng dinh G8 hgp thang 7/2000, diu

c6 ldi keu ggi cac nudc xay dung XHHT tren quan diem hgc tap suot ddi,

dam bao cho cong dan ciia minh dugc trang bi kien thiic, ky nang va tay nghe

X F

can cho the ky mdi

Theo UNESCO, XHHT co nhiing dac trung noi bat sau day:

X F

- Mgi ngudi deu dugc hpc, hpc thudng xuyen, hpc suot ddi

-Toan bp moi trudng xung quanh deu co the tao ra ca hpi hpc tap va

phat huy tai nang ciia moi ngudi

F 7 ^

- Con ngudi dugc tiep nhan trinh do giao due ca ban de hgc tap va tu

hoan thien

- Nha trudng mang lai cho mpi ngudi long mong muon va sir hao hiing

dugc hgc tap, vdi nang luc "hpc each hpc" va vdi sir to mo tri tue

- Moi ca nhan deu co the lan lugt lam ngudi day va lam ngudi hgc

Xa hpi dua tren thanh tim, cap nhat va iing dung tri thiic

- Ngudi hpc trd thanh nhiing nha nghien ciiu, con ngudi day, day cho

ngudi hpc each danh gia va quan ly nhiing thong tin ma hp dugc cung cap

[13,62]

6 Viet Nam, thuat ngii XHHT lan dau tien xuat hien trong Nghi quyet

Dai hgi Dang toan quoc lan thii IX: "Day manh phong trao hgc tap trong nhan

X

dan bang nhirng hinh thiic giao due cho mpi ngudi, ca nude trd thanh mpt xa

hpihpctap".[16, 35]

Gan day khai niem nay lai dugc de cap tdi trong Nghi quyet Hpi nghi

lan thii bay BCHTW khoa IX: "Xay dung phong trao ca nude trd thanh mpt

xa hpi mpi ngudi deu lay hpc tap la mpt cong viec thudng xuyen, suot ddi,

hpc trong nha trudng va ngoai nha trudng, chinh quy va khong chinh quy,

X 7 /• p

nhu la mpt phan khong the thieu dugc ciia ddi minh, lay hgc tap la phuang

phap tiep can (each nhin, each xii ly) ciia cugc song nhim phat triin con

X '

ngudi ben viing - dpng luc cho toan bp sir tien bp xa hpi"

Giao su Tiin sy Pham Tit Dong cho "XHHT la xa hpi trong do dien

ra qua trinh giao due thudng xuyen, dao tao lien tuc, hpc tap su6t ddi XHHT

la tien de ciia viec chuyen tu nen kinh te cong nghiep sang nin kinh tl tri

F ">

thiic, va khi kinh te tri thiie co vai tro chinh nhu mpt dpng lire thiic day xa hpi

tien len thi XHHT mdi dich thue la mot xa hpi c6 su hpc tap suot ddi"

Nhu vay, thong qua ly giai cua cac nha khoa hpc ve khai niem XHHT,

X \ r

chiing toi cho rang: "XHHT ve bdn chdt Id mdt xd hdi md trong dd mgi ngudi

deu dugc hgc, hgc thu&ng xuyen, hgc sudt d&i vd mgi luc lugng xd hdi deu cd

F

trdch nhiem tgo co hdi hgc tap cho mgi ngudi ddn " Khi noi den XHHT phai

F

ehii y den ca hai dac trung quan trpng ciia no, do la "gido due cho mgi ngu&i"

va "mgi ngu&i cho gido due "

1.2.4 Xdy dung xa hoi hgc tap:

Xay dung XHHT la nham hinh thanh mpt xa hpi thirc hien tot sir gan

ket chat che giiia hpc tap ban dau trong cac nha trudng vdi hpc tap suot ddi

ben ngoai nha trudng, giiia giao due vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, mpi ngudi

CO nhu cau deu dugc hpc tap thudng xuyen, suot ddi, hpc gan vdi hanh

Xay dung XHHT d nudc ta da trd thanh mpt nhiem vu chiln luge nhim

thuc hien muc tieu "nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan lire va boi duang nhan

tai", dap ling nhu cau CNH, HDH dat nudc

1.3 Quan diem ciia Dang, Nha nudc va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve

phat trien cac hinh thuc giao due cong dong:

1.3.1 Quan diem cua Ddng vd Nhd nu&c ve phdt trien cdc hinh thiec

gido due cgng dong:

- Nghi quyet Dai hgi Dang lan thii III nam 1960 da chi r5: "Phai dao

thiic hpc tap bao dam cho mpi ngudi lao dpng deu co the suot ddi tham gia hpc tap, trau doi nghe nghiep va md rpng kien thiic"

Nghi quyet so 14, nam 1979 ciia Bp Chinh tri ve cai each giao due da

eu the hda them: "He thong mang ludi trudng, ldp tai chiic phai dugc to chiic

rpng khap, bao gdm nhieu hinh thiec hgc tap linh hogt, thuan tien cho nguai

F F y f f X hoc He thong do phai gan lien vdi he thong dao tao tap trung nhung co to

chiic va ngudi phu trach rieng"

Nghi quyet Trung uong 4 khoa VII da khang dinh: "Cdnphdi thuc hien mdt nen gido due thu&ng xuyen cho mgi ngu&i, xdc dinh hgc tap sudt d&i Id quyen hi vd trdch nhiem ciia mdi cdng ddn Ddi m&i gido due bd tuc vd ddo tgo tgi chuc, khuyen khich phdt trien cdc logi hinh gido due ddo tgo khdng

F chinh quy, khuyen khich tu hgc "

F ^ ^ ^ ^ 7

Nghi quyet Trung uang 2 khoa VIII da khang dinh muc tieu: "md rpng cac hinh thiic hpc tap thudng xuyen, dac biet la hinh thiic hpc tu xa Quan tam dao tao va dao tao lai can bp quan ly, ky thuat, nghiep vu va cong nhan cac doanh nghiep Tang cudng dao tao va boi dudng can bp lanh dao, can bp

quan ly cac cap, cac nganh" "Cd hinh thiec tru&ng, lcrp thich hgp nhdm dao

tgo, bdi duang cdn bd chu chdt xudt thdn tic cdng ndng vd lao ddng uu tu, con

em cdc gia dinh thugc dien chinh sdch "

Nghi quyet Trung uang 3 khoa VIII da xac dinh nhiem vu cap bach

trong giai doan hien nay la: "Cd bien phdp thuc hien tdt cdc chu truang ve xdy dung ddi ngu cdn bd, cdng chiec dd neu trong Nghi quyet TW8 (khda VII)

vd cdc diem bd sung sau day: Cdn bd lanh dgo phdi dugc ddo tgo, bdi duang kien thiec todn dien, tru&c het ve du&ng ldi chinh tri, ve qudn ly nhd nudc,

trien giao due - dao tao, khoa hpc - cong nghe la nen tang va dpng luc cua su

nghiep cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa dat nudc, la quoc sach hang dau De

F y 1

cao ndng luc tu hgc, tu hoan thien hgc vdn vd tay nghe, day mgnh phong trao

hgc tap trong nhdn ddn bdng nhimg hinh thiec gido due chinh quy vd gido due

khdng chinh quy; thuc hien gido due cho mgi ngu&i, cd nu&c tr& thdnh xd hdi

hgc tap"' [16,35]

Kit luan ciia Hpi nghi Trung uong lan thii 6 (khoa IX) chi ro: "Thuc

_ ^ 7

hien chuang trinh giao due cho mpi ngudi Tiep tuc day manh da dang hoa

cac loai hinh trudng ldp, hoan thien mo hinh cac loai hinh trudng hpc phii hgp

X F F y

vdi hoan canh nudc ta nham tao ca hpi hpc tap tot nhat cho mpi tang ldp nhan

dan CO nhu cau Phat trien giao due khong chinh quy, cdc hinh thuc hgc tap

Hpi nghi Trung uong Dang lan thii 7 (khoa IX) chii truang tien hanh

cupc van dpng "todn ddn xdy dung phong trao cd nu&c tr& thdnh mdt xd hdi

F

hgc tap, hgc tap sudt d&i"

Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung uang lan thii 9 (kh6a IX) khang dinh "Day

manh xa hpi hoa giao due, xay dung xa hpi hpc tap"

F F X

Van kien Dai hpi X ciia Dang da chi ro: "Phdn ddu xdy dung nen gido

due hien dgi, ciia ddn, do ddn vd vl ddn, bdo ddm cdng bdng ve ca hdi hgc tap

y •> F

cho mgi ngu&i, tgo dieu kien de todn xd hdi hgc tap vd hgc t(2p sudt d&i, dap

X F

ung yeu cdu cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt nu&c "

Chi thi so 11 - CT/TW ngay 13 thang 4 nam 2007 "ve tang cudng su

F r F

lanh dao ciia Dang doi vdi cong tac khuyen hpc, khuyen tai, xSy dung xa hpi

hpc tap ciia Bp Chinh tri (khoa X) neu ro: Quan triet nghi quyet Dai hgi dai

1 F y X 7 X

bieu toan qudc lan thii X ciia Dang ve "chuyen dan mo hinh giao due hien nay

sang mo hinh giao due md - mo hinh xa hgi hgc tap" va tu tudng Ho Chi

Minh ve hgc tap suot ddi, nham nang cao dan tri, phat trien nguon nhan luc,

dao tao nhan tai, phuc vu sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc,

nhat la trong boi canh nudc ta hpi nhap ngay cang sau rpng vao nen kinh te

the gidi, Bp Chinh tri yeu cau cac cap uy dang tang cudng sir lanh dao, chi

dao cong tac khuyen hpc, khuyen tai, xay dung xa hpi hpc tap trong thdi gian

F

tdi, tap trung thuc hien mpt so npi dung ca ban sau day:

Day manh cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due trong Dang va nhan dan vdi

nhieu hinh thirc phong phii, thiet thuc de nhan thiic ro ve sir can thiet, tam

quan trpng cua viec xay dimg xa hpi hpc tap d nudc ta hien nay; xac dinh xay

dung xa hpi hpc tap la nhiem vu cua toan Dang, toan dan, la muc tieu co ban

trong chien luge chan hung va phat trien giao due ciia nudc ta

Cu thi hoa cac muc tieu, nhiem vu, giai phap xay dung xa hpi hpc tap

trong pham vi timg dia phuong, don vj Md rpng va nang cao chat lugng cac

phong trao khuyin hpc, khuyin tai, gop phan ho trg cac ca sd giao due trong

giang day va hgc tap; xay dung gia dinh hieu hpc; cong dong, dong hp, ca

quan, doanh nghiep, don vi khuyen hpc

Tiep tuc day manh xay dung cac trung tam hpc tap cong dong d xa,

A 7 X •*

phudng, thi tran; phat trien nhieu loai hinh hpc tap da dang, phii hgp vdi dieu

kien va nhu cau hgc tap ciia can bg, nhan dan tirng dia phuang, dan vi Chu

7 7 X F

trgng va kip thdi phat hien, co chinh sach cu the de boi duang nhan tai, nhat

la tai nang tre tren cac ITnh vuc

cugc song Gan viec phat trien phong trao khuyen hgc, khuyen tai vdi xay

dung moi trudng giao due lanh manh, hgc di doi vdi hanh, vdi phong trao lam

kinh te gioi, xoa doi giam ngheo va xay dung ddi song van hoa d ca sd

Chiln luge phat triin giao due 2001 2010 dugc Thu tudng Chinh phii

phe duyet (12 2001) da chi ro quan dilm: "Giao due la sir nghiep ciia Dang,

X

Nha nudc va ciia toan dan; xay dung xa hpi hpc tap; tao dieu kien cho mpi

ngudi, d mpi lu:a tuoi, mpi trinh dp dugc hgc tap thudng xuyen, suot ddi"

Quyit dinh so 112/2005/QD-TTg ngay 18/5/2005 ciia Thu tudng Chinh

X X

phii ve viec phe duyet De an "Xay dimg xa hpi hpc tap giai doan 2005

-2010" xac dinh: "Xdy dung cd nu&c tr& thdnh mgt xd hdi hgc t<2p v&i tieu chi

ca bdn Id tgo ca hdi vd dieu kien thudn lgi de mgi ngu&i & mgi lua tudi, mpi

trinh do dugc hgc tap thu&ng xuyen, hgc lien tuc, hgc sudt d&i & mgi nai, mgi

F 1

luc, mgi cdp, mgi trinh do; huy dgng sue mgnh tdng hgp cua todn xd hdi tham

gia xdy dung vd phdt trien gido due; mgi ngu&i, mgi td chiec deu cd trdch

nhiem, nghia vu trong hgc tap vd tham gia tich cue "xdy dung xd hdi hgc

X

tap " "Xay dung ca nudc trd thanh mpt xa hpi hpc tap dugc dua tren nen tang

phat tnen dong thdi, gan ket, lien thong cua hai bg phan cau thanh: giao due

chinh quy va giao due thudng xuyen cua he thong giao due quoc dan, trong

xay dung xa hpi hpc tap" "Phdt trien ben vieng vd nhdn rdng md hinh trung

tdm hgc tap cgng ddng tren cdc dia bdn xd, phu&ng, thi trdn trong cd nu&c

nhdm thuc hien cdc chuang trinh xda mu chii, gido due tiep tuc sau khi biet

md hinh trung tdm hgc tap cgng ddng hien cd; xdy dung vd ban hdnh quy

dinh ve muc tieu, ndi dung, hinh thiec td chuc, ca che hogt dgng cua md hinh

7

nay de nhdn rdng tren phgm vi cd nudc "

Luat Giao due nam 2005, tai khoan 1 Dieu 4 quy dinh: "He thong giao

due quoc dan bao gom giao due chinh quy va giao due thudng xuyen" Dieu

44 quy djnh: "Gido due thu&ng xuyen giiip mgi ngu&i vita ldm viea hgc, hgc

F \ 7 F lien tuc, hgc sudt d&i nhdm hoan thien nhdn cdch, m& rdng hieu biet, ndng

cao trinh do hgc vdn, chuyen mdn, nghiep vu de cdi thien chdt lugng cugc

sdng, tim viec ldm, tu tgo viec ldm vd thich nghi v&i d&i sdng xd hdi"

- d Nghe An, trong Van kien Dai hpi dai biiu Dang bp tinh lan thir XV

nhan manh: "Phdt huy truyen thdng hieu hgc cua con ngu&i Xu Nghe, cung

cd vd m& rgng cdc hdi khuyen hgc tic tinh, huyen den phu&ng xd Tren ca sa

dd phdt ddng phong trao tu hgc ndng cao kien thiec hinh thdnh xd hdi hgc tgp

ddp img yeu cdu cua su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda thich ung vai

su nhdy vgt cua khoa hgc cdng nghe " [18, 63]

Van kien Dai hpi dai biiu Dang bp tinh iin thir XVI khing dinh: "Diy

manh xa hpi hoa sir nghiep giao due - dao tao va day nghe Md rpng va da

dang hoa cac loai hinh hpc tap, dao tao Phat trien va nang cao chat lugng

hoat dgng cua Hgi Khuyin hpc, co chinh sach bieu duong, ton vinh nhiing

tim guang hilu hpc, hpc gioi, nhiing gia dinh, dong hp, lang xom, co quan,

don vi lam tot cong tac khuyen hpc Phdt trien cdc trung tdm' hgc tap cdng

dong & tdt cd cdc xd, phu&ng, thi trdn de ddy mgnh viec gido due phdp lugt,

gido due trdch nhiem, nghia vu cdng ddn, dgy nghe, khuyen cdng, khuyen

ndng, khuyen ldm, khuyen ngu, tu vdn phdp ly, gia dinh tgo ca hdi de mgi

ngu&i cd dieu kien hgc tap, hinh thdnh xd hdi hgc tap dap img yeu cdu tiep

tuc phdt trien kinh te tri thiec vd tieng budc thich ieng v&i phdt trien cua nen

kinh te sdng tgo ".[19, 53]

Ngay 23/02/2004, Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy ban hanh Chi thi so

20-X 7 _ _ _ _ _ _

CT/TU "ve viec tang cudng lanh dao xay dung va phat trien cac TTHTCD xa,

phudng, thi tran" da khang dinh: "Thuc tien phat trien kinh te xa hpi dat ra

\ F 7 f

sir can thiet phai xay dung va phat trien cac TTHTCD xa, phudng, thi tran

hudng tdi mpt xa hpi hpc tap" De day nhanh toe dp va hieu qua cua viec xay

dung, cung co va phat trien cac TTHTCD d co sd, Chi thi yeu cau cac cap uy

dang, chinh quyen va cac doan the nhan dan thuc hien tot mpt so npi dung

sau:

F

1) UBND tinh chi dao Sd Giao due va Dao tao ciing vdi Hpi Khuyen

hpc va cac nganh lien quan xay dung D I an phat triin TTHTCD, xac djnh

da day nhanh viec thanh lap mdi cac TTHTCD d xa, phudng, thj tran

2) Cac huyen, thanh, thj uy can quan tam chi dao viec thanh lap eac

TTHTCD d cac xa, phudng, thj tran, kiem tra nam chac tinh hinh hoat dgng,

kjp thdi lanh dao thao ga kho khan vudng mac ban dau cua cac trung tam nay

3) Cac cap, cac nganh Mat tran To quoc va cac doan the nhan dan trien

khai cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due lam cho can bp, dang vien, nhan dan

nhan thiic ro vai tro quan trpng ciia TTHTCD doi vdi viec nang cao dan tri,

X 7

boi duang nhan lire d ca sd Dpng vien mpi to chirc va ca nhan nhiet tinh

dong gop, tham gia xay dimg va to chiic hoat dpng cua TTHTCD

F

4) Sd Giao due va Dao tao chii tri phoi hgp vdi cac nganh lien quan

bien soan tai lieu va chuan bj dgi ngii bao cao vien de giiip cac TTHTCD

F F F

nang cao chat lugng hoat dgng Hgi Khuyen hpc cac cap van dpng nhan dan

tich cue tham gia xay dung TTHTCD va thudng xuyen ph6i hgp vdi cac

tran lam ca sd xay dung xa hpi hpc tap nhim dap img yeu cau ciia sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa que huong, dat nudc"

Ngay 01/07/2004, UBND tinh da ban hanh Quyit djnh so

2434/QD.UB-VX vl viec phe duyet Be an "Xay dung va phat triin TTHTCD

gop phan phuc vu sir nghiep phat trien kinh tl - xa hpi va hudng tdi xa hgi hpc tap d tinh Nghe An (giai doan 2004 2010)"

Quyet djnh s6 4254/QD.UBND.VX ngay 09/11 2006 cua UBND tinh

ve viec phe duyet "Ke hoach xay dung xa hpi hpc tap" d Nghe An giai doan

2006 2010 da khing djnh: "Cung co, nang cip cac trung tam GDTX tinh va huyen Phin diu din nam 2010 co 100% s6 xa, phudng, thj tran xay dung dugc TTHTCD Cac TTHTCD di vao hoat dpng co hieu qua, dap img nhu cau hpc tap cua nhan dan"

1.3.2 Tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh ve phdt trien cdc hinh thiec gido due cgng dong:

Ngay tir khi mdi thanh lap Nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da quan tam den van de "giao due eho mpi ngudi" va "mpi ngudi cho giao due" Trong phien hpp dau tien (ngay 03/9/1945) cua Chinh phu, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da khang djnh: "Mpt dan toe dot la mot dan toe yeu Vi vay toi de nghj md mpt chien djch de chong nan mu chir" [11, 8] Ngudi dat ra 3 nhiem vu each mang trudc mat cua Chinh phu la: Chong nan

doi, nan that hpc, nan ngoai xam va coi chong giac dot ciing quan trpng nhu chong giac doi va giac ngoai xam

Bdi vay, ehi 6 ngay sau khi dpc Ban "Tuyen ngdn dpc lap", ngay

08 9/1945, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da ky ban hanh ba sac lenh ve chdng nan that hpc:

Sac lenh so 17 ve viec thanh lap Nha Binh dan hpc vu trong toan nudc

\'iet Nam de trong nom viec hpc tap cua dan chiing

Ho Chi Minh da nhan manh: "Muon giii virng nen doe lap, muon lam cho dan

manh, nudc giau, mpi ngudi Viet Nam can phai hieu biet quyen lgi cua minh,

F 7 7

phai CO kien thirc mdi de co the tham gia vao cong cupc xay dung nudc nha

F F f F F

va trudc het phai biet dpc, biet viet chii Quoc ngir" [11,36]

Tu tudng "Giao due cho mpi ngudi" con dugc Ho Chi Minh the hien ro

khi Ngudi tra ldi bao chi thang 01/1946: "Toi chi co mpt ham rnuon, mgt ham

muon tot bac la lam sao cho nudc ta dugc hoan toan dpc lap, dan ta hoan toan

la mpt tu tudng tien bp di trudc thdi dai cua Ngudi

Trong Biic thu giri Quan nhan hpc bao (thang 4/1946), Ho Chi Minh da

can dan: "Quan nhan phai biet vo, phai biet van Muon biet thi phai thi dua

hpc Hpc khong bao gid ngimg Hpc mai de tien bp mai Cang tien bp cang

thiy phai hpc them" [12, 489]

Doi vdi nhan dan, Bac khuyen "Hpc hanh la vo ciing, hoc cang nhieu,

biet cang nhieu cang tot" [11,220]

Ban than Chii tjch Ho chi Minh la mpt tam guong sang ngdi ve hpc

suot ddi Nam 1961, khi noi chuyen vdi can bp, dang vien hoat dpng lau nam

d Nghe - TTnh, Bac da tam sir "Toi nam nay 71 tuoi, ngay nao ciing phai di

hpc Cong viec cu tien mai, khong hpc thi khong theo kjp, cong viec no se gat

minh lai phia sau Chiing ta la dang vien gia, hieu biet cua chung ta hoi 30

tuoi so vdi sir hieu biet cua ldp tre bay gid thi chiing minh dot lam Toi cung dot lam Mpt chau be bay gid da nghe noi den ve tinh, biet nghe radio Toi \a cac dong chi hoi do khong biet The ma cac chau be bay gid da biet Neu the

he gia khon hon the he tre thi khong tot The he gia thua the he tre mdi la t6t".[l, 123]

- Muon cho ai ciing dugc hpc hanh, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh rat quan tam den viec tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thiic ciia toan dan, cua to chiic Dang, chinh quyen, doan the cac cap ve vj tri, vai tro cua binh dan hpc vu, tir do dpng vien toan xa hpi hang hai tham gia chong nan that hpc Ngudi da keu gpi "Nhirng ngudi chua biet chii hay gang siic ma hgc cho biet dpc Vg chua biet thi chong bao, em chua biet thi anh bao, ngudi an ngudi lam chua biet thi chu bao, ngudi giau co thi md ldp d tu gia day cho ngudi khong biet chir d lang xom lang gieng Cac chu ap, chii don dien, chii ham mo, nha may thi md Idp cho nhiing ta dien, nhiing ngudi lam ciia minh" [11, 309]

Xuat phat tir tu tudng nay ciia Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh, nhieu khau hieu

da dugc dua ra nhu "Day binh dan hgc vu la yeu nudc", "Giup do binh dan

hpc vu la yeu nude" "Chong mu chii' ciing nhu chong ngoai xam", "Moi gia dinh la mpt ldp binh dan hpc vu" Cac khau hieu nay dugc viet dan d trong nha, d mat tudng, d than cay hoac dugc ho vang trong cac buoi truyen thanh, trong cac dgi ngii dieu hanh, cac buoi rude duoc

X ^

Nhu vay, nhd tuyen truyen manh me va ram rg, cho nen cong cupc chong mil chii da dugc toan xa hpi tham gia Theo ldi keu gpi cua Chii tjch

Ho Chi Minh, nhilu ca nhan, gia dinh da diing ra md ldp binh dan hpc vu dk

day chir cho ngudi chua bilt chir; giao vien thi tuyen the "Con trdi con nudc con non Con ngudi mil chir, ta con gang cong"; cac cu gia chia nhau din gid hpc thi gpi con chau, dan lang di hpc Cac to chiic doan the da tham gia gop siic ciing Binh dan hpc vu lo viec xoa mii chir, nang cao trinh dp van hoa cho

doan vien, hgi vien cua minh Co thi noi day la dac trung quan trpng cua hpc

tap cong dong ma hien nay nhieu quoc gia dang phan dau

1.4 Hoat dong cua cac TTHTCD hien nay:

Noi dung cong viec

Thanh lap Ban van dpng

thanh lap TTHTCD tir 3-5

ngudi

Nghien ciiu djnh hudng

phat trien kinh te-xa hpi

ciia dja phuang Dac diem

dan cu dja phuang Tham

khao y kien chi dao ciia

F

Phong GD cap huyen

Tham muu de chinh

quyen dja phuang chinh

X F

thirc de ra chu truang, ke

hoach thanh lap

TTHTCD

Phoi hgp to chiic tuyen

X X

truyen trong cong dong

Dieu tra nhu cau hpc tap,

mong muon tham gia cua

Phu trach

•

UBND xa, phudng

Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD

Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD

Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD, Ban VH-TT, Tinh nguyen vien

Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD, Ban

Ket qua

Quyet djnh thanh lap-

Bao cao ve tinh

Cac dgt tuyen truyen, cac chuang trinh truyen truyen thanh

Nhu cau hpc tap sinh hoat van

Du kien ve co cau to chirc

va nhan sir cua TTHTCD

Chuan bj dja diem, trang

thiet bj, ho trg ban dau

cua chinh quyen dja

phuang

Xay dung de an thanh lap

TTHTCD giri UBND

X

huyen (bao gom chuang

trinh hoat dpng cua tmng

Chu tjch UBND xa

phudng, thj tran cir Ban

CN (Ban Quan ly)

To chirc khai truang

X

cong dong

UBND xa Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD

UBND xa Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD

Phong GD huyen tham djnh trinh UBND

UBND xa, phudng

thj tran

UBND xa Ban van dpng thanh lap TTHTCD, dai dien trudng hpc, doan

hoa Du thao ke hoach hoat dpng cua TTHTCD

Dua vao De an xay dung TTHTCD

Dja diem TTHTCD, mpt

so trang thiet bj

Y kien cua UBND huyen

Quyet djnh thanh lap TTHTCD

Quyet djnh

Mpt hoat dpng khai truang co y nghTa thuc tl

7 1

the tai dja phuang, :

ngudi dan

- Co the sii dung hpi trudng cua xa, Nha van hoa xom hoac cac phong

hpc d cac nha trudng trong cac ngay nghi Neu co dieu kien thi xay dung mdi

c6 the dien ra song song, nen ngoi nha Trung tam can phai bo tri nhu the nao

do de CO the sii dung phuc vu nhieu muc dich khac nhau

2) Tan dung cac khoang khong gian xung quanh ngoi nha de giam chi

phi xay dung va tang dja diem phuc vu cac hoat dpng ciia Trung tam

3) Trong hoan canh kho khan do kinh phi han hep, ta can chii y tan

dung nhiing nguyen lieu san co d dja phuang de tu tao ra co sd vat chat cho

Trung tam

1.4.2 Van de qudn ly TTHTCD:

Quan ly TTHTCD la quan ly mpi hoat dpng cua Trung tam, bao gom:

Quan ly xay dung ke hoach; quan ly thiet ke npi dung, chuang trinh day hpc

cho cac doi tugng khac nhau; quan ly to chiic ldp hpc va huy dpng cong ddng

tham gia cac chuang trinh hpc tap; quan ly bao quan hpc lieu, trang thiit bj,

do diing day hpc; quan ly tai chinh;

X /

Phan nay tap trung chu yeu vao viec quan ly cac cong viec hang ngay

cua Trung tam

Tiiy dja phuang, ngudi chju trach nhiem ve cac hoat dpng hang ngay

cua Trung tam co the la Trudng BQL hay Chu nhiem Trung tam Do Trudng

BQL/Chu nhiem kiem nhieu cong tac, nen giao viec quan ly nay cho can bg

F ^ ^

Khuyen hgc lam Pho chii nhiem Thudng true

7 , X X /•

O nhieu nai, hgc vien cua cac ldp hpc chii, hpc nghe, ldp tap huan

chuyen giao ky thuat san xuat ciing vdi can bp Trung tam giam sat cac hoat

dpng hang ngay cua ldp nhu theo doi sy so, tim hieu ly do cua nhirng hpc vien

bo hpc, gop y kien de giang vien cai tien each to chu'c hpc tap va giang day

Co nai, do sir van dpng kheo leo ciia BQL, ca cong dong da tich cue chu dong

dong gop cong siic tien cua, tri tue khien cho cac dieu kien day-hoc cua

Trung tam dugc cai thien ro ret

The nhung, vai tro ciia ngudi quan ly TTHTCD van la rat quan trpng:

djnh hudng, quan xuyen, giam sat cac hoat dpng cua Trung tam Ngudi can

* 7 7 7 I ' l '

bp quan ly nay can co quyen so nhat ky cong tac de hang ngay ghi chep

nhirng hoat dpng da dien ra tai Tmng tam, nhirng nhan xet danh gia, nhirng

kinh nghiem, bai hpc Cuon so nay dugc coi nhu la tap ho so ciia Trung tam

can luu giir Nhin chung co hai loai hoat dpng ma can bp quan ly Trung tam

can tham gia:

1) Cac hoat dpng ma hp phai tu lam hang ngay, gom:

• Cap nhat he thong thong tin va bo sung sach bao cho thu vien

• Bao quan hpc lieu, trang thiet bj, do diing day-hoc, ngoi nha Trung

tam va canh quan xung quanh

• Theo doi viec chi tieu tai chinh va va kiem ke tai san

2) Quan ly cac hoat dpng trien khai djnh ky vdi sir ho trg cua BQL,

gdm:

• Xay dung ke hoach hgc tap

• Nam bat nhu cau, nang dpng hen he, phoi hgp md ldp, dap ung nhu

cau hgc tap cho mpi ngudi

• Huy dpng cong dong vao viec to chirc thuc hien cac chuang trinh

• Khuyen khich hpc vien tham gia cac chuong trinh dugc t6 chuc tai

Trung tam

• Giam sat viec thuc hien chuang trinh theo dung tiin do

• To chirc cac hoat dpng nham that chat moi quan he giiia cong ddng

\ di Trung tam

2.1 Khai quat ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi va truyen thong ijch

su, van hoa cua Nghe An:

X

2.1.1 Dieu kien tu nhien:

y r F

Nghe An nam d viing Bac Trung bp nudc ta, phia Bac giap Thanh Hoa,

phia Nam giap Ha TTnh, phia Tay giap nude ban Lao vdi dudng bien gidi dai

hon 419 km, phia Dong giap Bien Dong vdi bd bien dai 82 km Dien tich tu

X

nhien ciia Nghe An la 16.487,4 km2, trong do % la mien mil, viing cao Khi

hau Nghe An khac nghiet, dugc chia thanh hai miia ro ret, miia nang - n6ng

kem theo gio lao nhiet dp nhieu ngay len cao tdi 38 - 40oC, gay kho han keo

dai, thudng co mua Idn kem theo lut bao; miia lanh thudng kem theo hanh,

kho va ret dam

2.1.2 Dieu kien kinh te - xd hgi:

F

2.1.2.1 Ddn sd, lao ddng:

Tinh Nghe An co 3.042.000 ngudi phan bo khong dong deu giira cac

vimg, nhin chung dan so tre, hon 40% co dp tuoi dudi 14, vdi 7 dan toe anh

em ciing sinh song Nguon lao dpng kha doi dao (khoang 1,7 trieu ngudi),

hang nam bo sung hon 3 van lao dpng tre, trong do 31% dugc dao tao nghe

So ngudi dugc dao tao chu yen thuoc viing dong bang, do thj con d mien nui,

vimg cao khong dang ke

2.1.2.2 Ve hdnh chinh:

Nghe An co 20 don vj hanh chinh cap huyen, co 5 huyen vimg niii cao

(trong do 3 huyen Ky Son, Tuang Duong va Que Phong nam trong 61 huyen

ngheo cua ca nudc), 5 huyen viing nui thap, 7 huyen dong bang, 1 thanh pho

loai 1, 1 thj xa mien niii va 1 thj xa ven bien 478 dan vi hanh-chinh cap xa

trong do CO 119 xa thuoc vimg cao; 127 xa viing nui thap va 230 xa vung

dong bang, ven bien

So lugng don vj hanh chinh xa Idn, quy mo tirng don vj hanh chinh

khong dong deu Cac xa mien mii, viing cao thudng co dien tich Idn nhung

dan cu thua that Cac xa dong bang thi co dien tich nho nhung dan so lai

dong, mat dp cao Van de nay lam cho viec quan ly, dieu hanh va to chuc bp

may kho khan, phirc tap

X y F

2.1.2.3 Ve phdt trien kinh te:

Vdi tilm nang vl tu nhien, dit dai, dan s6, Nghe An co nhieu thuan lgi

de phat trien kinh te xa hpi mpt each toan dien May nam gan day, kinh te

-xa hpi Nghe An da c6 budc phat triin kha toan dien, ca cau kinh te chuyen

djch diing hudng, van hoa - xa hpi co nhieu tien bp, co sd ha tang ky thuat

dugc tang cudng, ddi song nhan dan dugc cai thien dang ke

Nghe An nim trong viing co nhieu dac thii, phan di ro ret tren toan lanh

tho va theo cac miia tao dieu kien cho nhieu loai cay trong phat trien Song,

khi hau lai khac nghiet lam nang, mua nhieu, dac biet la lii lut, bao va gio

Tay-Nam (con gpi la gio Lao)

Do vay, so vdi ca nudc, Nghe An van la tinh ngheo, co cau kinh te con

thien ve nong nghiep la chii yeu (chiem ty trpng 34,2%), thu nhap binh quan

dau ngudi thap, chi bang 64% miic binh quan chung cua ca nudc (600

USD/gan 1.000 USD/nam), npi lire trong dan con rat mong, thu ngan sach

mdi chi dap iing dugc khoang 50% nhu cau chi

_ X r

2.1.3 Truyen thong lich sievd vdn hda:

Nhan dan Nghe An co truyen thong hilu hpc va khd hgc Hgc hiu nhu

X f r

da trd thanh phong trao quan chiing, mpt nep sdng xa hdi cua ngudi Xii Nghe

Ngay ca nhiing gia dinh tiing thieu nhat cung thiet tha, mong mudn va tim

mpi each cho con "kiem dam ba chii" de giii: dao lam ngudi Tir ngan ddi cho

tdi nay, Nghe An ludn ludn cd mdt dpi ngu tri thirc ddng dao Trudc day la

X \ '

cac thay dd Xii Nghe ngheo ma hay chii, nhirng hpc gia uyen tham, tiet thao,

nhirng chi sy yeu nudc kien cudng Tir sau Cach mang Thang Tam, sudt hai

cudc khang chiln, nhan dan Nghe An khdng chi chien dau dung cam ma cdn

F X ^

that lung budc bung cho con chau hpc hanh Dd chinh la tiem nang tri tue cua

cdng ddng dan cu Xir Nghe Ddng dao con ngudi d day "hpc sang da", cd kha

nang tiep thu tri thiic van chuang, khoa hpc, ky thuat Va khi c6 dieu kien

thoat ly tiep can vdi van minh cua the gidi, hp de trd thanh nhirng chien sy

each mang ldi lac, nhirng nha canh tan, tien bd, nhii'ng nha van hda Idn tieu

bieu cho ca nudc Truyen thdng quy bau do can dugc khoi day va phai trd

X

thanh niem tu hao chinh dang cua nhan dan Xu Nghe

Ngudi Nghe An can cu trong lao ddng, diing cam, kien cudng trong

nudc nhu Bach Lieu, Hd Tdng Thdc, Hd Xuan Huang, Nguyen Trudng To,

Phan Bdi Chau, Dang Thai Mai, nhiing lanh tu cua Dang va dan tdc nhu Hd

Chi Minh, Le Hdng Phong, Phan Dang Luu, Hd Tiing Mau da lam rang rd

que huang dat nudc Chinh hp bao ddi rdi, da sang tao ra mdt gia tai van hda

phong phii, da dang, giau sire sdng, mang ro sac thai van hda dja phuang Xii

hda va each mang quy bau do dugc tiep tuc hun due, ren diia va phat huy

trong qua trinh phat trien ciia Nghe An

2.2 Thuc trang xay dung TTHTCD d Nghe An:

2.2.1 Nhan thuc ve TTHTCD & Nghe An:

X 7 X ^ ^

Nham tim hieu thuc trang nhan thiic ve vai trd, vj tri cua TTHTCD d

Nghe An, chung tdi da sir dung phieu dieu tra de thu thap sd lieu Ddi tugng

dieu tra ciia chung tdi dugc chia thanh 2 nhdm:

Nhdm 1: Can bd huyen, xa (190 ngudi)

- Nhdm 2: Nhan dan d 30 xa cua cac vimg mien khac nhau trong tinh (1.200 ngudi)

Ket qua dieu tra dugc chiing tdi tdng hgp, xir ly va phan tich theo cac ndi dung nhu sau:

2.2.2.1 Nhdn thiec ciia cdn bd huyen, xd ve TTHTCD (nhdm J):

Cau hdi 1: Theo dong chi, TTHTCD cd vj tri nhu thi nao trong he thdng giao due qudc dan?

Bdng 2.1 Nhdn thuc cua cdn bd, ddng vien ve TTHTCD

TTHTCD la mdt ca sd giao due, khdng nam

trong he thdng GD qudc dan

TTHTCD la mdt co sd giao due chinh quy,

nam trong he thdng GD qudc dan

TTHTCD la mdt ca sd giao due khdng chinh

X F r

quy, nam trong he thdng GD qudc dan

TTHTCD la mdt ca sd giao due khdng chinh

7,4

23,2

80,5

F F

Ket qua d bang 2.1 cho thay:

Sd ngudi quan niem: "TTHTCD la mdt ca sd giao due khdng chinh quy, nim trong he thdng giao due qudc dan va dugc td chirc tai cdng ddng" chilm ty le cao nhit (80,5%) Dilu nay chimg td su hilu bilt cua can bd huyen, xa vl vj tri cua TTHTCD la tuong ddi ro Tuy nhien van cdn 30% so ngudi hilu chua dung va 23,2% sd ngudi hilu chua diy du vl vj tri cua TTHTCD

- Cau hdi 2: Theo dong chi, TTHTCD cd vai trd nhu the hao ddi vdi sir

phat trien cua cdng ddng?

Bang 2.2: NhiSn thuc cua cdn bd, ddng vien ve vai trd cua TTHTCD

Noi dung tra ldi

TTHTCD la nai td chirc va tien hanh cd hieu

TTHTCD gdp phan nang cao chat lugng va

hieu qua hoat ddng cua cac td chirc chinh trj

xa hdi d ca sd

TTHTCD gdp phan giiip ngudi dan biet each

xda ddi, giam ngheo, nang cao chat lugng cudc

F

sdng

TTHTCD gdp phan thiic day viec thuc hien

cudc van ddng Toan dan doan ket xay dung ddi

nang cao chat lugng cudc sdng" chiem ty le cao thir 2 (76,8%) Sd ngudi quan

niem: "TTHTCD gdp phan nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua hoat ddng cua

cac td chiic chinh trj - xa hdi d co sd" (70%) Dieu nay chirng td ca 4 ndi

X 7

dung tra ldi deu the hien diing vai trd cua TTHTCD va nhan thirc cua ddi ngii

can bd huyen, xa \ e vai trd cua TTHTCD la tuong ddi day du \ a tuong ddi cao

- Cau hdi 3: Theo ddng chi, TTHTCD cd nhimg chirc nang gi?

Bdng 2.3: Nhdn thuc cua cdn bd, ddng vien ve chiec ndng cua TTHTCD

TT

1

Ket qua bang 2.3 cho thay:

Sd ngudi quan niem: "TTHTCD cd nhirng chirc nang tu vin, giao due

va phoi hgp" chilm ty le tuang doi cao (72,6%, 71,6%, 63,7%) Cd hai y kiln neu them cac chirc nang khac, do la "chirc nang boi dudng nang cao kien thirc cho ngudi hpc va chiic nang chuyen giao khoa hpc cdng nghe ling dung" Khdng cd y kien nao neu chiic nang phat trien cdng ddng Nhu vay, nhan thiie ciia can bd huyen, xa chua that day du ve cac chiic nang cua TTHTCD

- Cau hdi 4: Theo ddng chi, do nhiing nguyen nhan nao khien cho nhieu TTHTCD hien nay hoat ddng chua cd hieu qua?

Bdng 2.4: Nhgn thiec cua cdn bd, ddng vien ve nguyen nhdn TTHTCD

hogt ddng chua hieu qud

Chua cd quy che td chiic va hoat ddng de tao ; 124/190

t

hanh lang phap ly trong qua trinh xay dung va |

phat triin TTHTCD

65,3

2 j Chua xay dung dugc ndi dung chuong trinh \ 143/190

'' hpc tap phii hgp vdi ddi tugng ngudi hpc d '

4

5

TTHTCD tir ngan sach nha nudc

Chua huy ddng dugc sir hd trg cua cac nganh,

cac cap, cac td chirc xa hdi cho hoat ddng cua

TTHTCD

Can bd quan ly TTHTCD cdn chua dugc bdi

dudng nghiep vu quan ly md hinh giao due mdi

Phan Idn cac y kien deu cho rang nguyen nhan khien cho nhieu

TTHTCD hien nay hoat dpng chua cd hieu qua la do: "Chua cd quy che td

chiic va hoat ddng de tao hanh lang phap ly trong qua trinh xay dung va phat

trien TTHTCD", (65,3%); "Chua xay dung dugc npi dung chuang trinh hpc

^ X X

tap phii hgp vdi ddi tugng ngudi hpc d cdng ddng", (75,3%); "Chua cd sir dau

tu kinh phi cho hoat ddng ciia TTHTCD tu ngan sach nha nudc", (74,7%);

"Chua huy ddng dugc sir hd trg ciia cac nganh, cac cap, cac td chiic xa hdi

cho hoat ddng cua TTHTCD" (72,6%) Rieng nguyen nhan "Can bd quan ly

TTHTCD cdn chua dugc bdi dudng nghiep vu quan ly md hinh giao due mdi

f F X 7 X 7

nay", chiem ty le cao nhat: 78,9% Dieu nay khang djnh rang: de nang cao

hieu qua hoat ddng ciia TTHTCD thi vai trd cua can bd quan ly la cue ky

- Cau hdi 1: Theo dng (ba), sd dT hd minh cdn ngheo ddi, trong

thdn/ban, phudng/xa minh cdn hd ngheo ddi la do nhiing nguyen nhan nao?

Khdng biet each lam an

Thieu ky thuat, thieu thdng tin

Khdng dugc sir hd trg cua cdng ddng

Chua that su chiu khd cham chi

587/1.200 910/1.200 444/1.200 494/1.200

!7

41,2

F f

Ket qua bang 2.5 cho thay:

Phan nhieu y kien cho rang nguyen nhan cua hd minh va cac hd trong

thdn/ban, phudng/xa cdn ddi ngheo la do: "Khdng cd vdn", (92,9%); "Thieu

ky thuat, thilu thdng tin", (75,8%) Ngoai ra cdn cd y kiln khac cho ring:

"Trinh dp hpc vin cdn han chl" va "Chua dugc trang bj kiln thirc lam giau"

Qua nhii:ng y kien tren cho chiing ta thay ngudi dan rat can cd ca sd giao due

de hg cd the thu nhan dugc nhirng kien thirc ve khoa hpc ky thuat, ve thdng

tin nham xda ddi giam ngheo, tien tdi vuan len lam giau chinh dang

Cau hdi 2: Neu dugc di hpc, dng (ba) hpc de lam gi?

Bdng 2.6: Nhidn thiec ciia nhdn ddn ve muc dich ciia viec hgc

De biet each lam an kiem sdng

De nang cao hieu biet

De nudi day con cai tdt han

F

So ngudi

226/1.200 137/1.200 962/1.200 1.085/1.200 977/1.200

Ty le (%) 18,8 11,4 80,2 90,4 81,4 Ket qua bang 2.6 cho thay:

Sd ngudi quan niem: "Hpc de biet each lam an kilm song, hpc de nudi

day con cai tdt hon va hpc de nang cao hilu bilt" chilm ty le tuong ddi cao

(80,2% 81,4% va 90,4%) Cd rit it ngudi quan niem "Hpc dk lam can bd"

(11,4%) va "Hpc dl cd bing cip" (18,8%) Vdi kit qua tren cho chung ta bilt

nhan thirc ve muc dich hpc tap cua ngudi dan rat cao, hp quan niem hpc la de

Noi dung tra ldi

Hpc van hda (xda mii chir, sau xda mii chir va

bd tlie van hda)

Hpc kien thirc lien quan den san xuat, chuyen

giao khoa hpc ky thuat va hudng dan each lam

an de tang thu nhap

Hpc kien thirc ve ddi sdng va xa hdi

Nhieu y kien cho rang nhu cau hpc tap cua ngudi dan la "Hpc kien thirc

lien quan den san xuat, chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat va hudng dan each lam

7 F y F

an de tang thu nhap" (76,3%) va "Hpc kien thirc ve ddi sdng va xa hdi"

(75,3%) Nhu cau ve hpc van hda ciia ngudi dan khdng cao (13,5%), ngoai ra

cdn neu y kien cd nhu can hpc kien thiic phat trien kinh te gia dinh, dja

Ty le (%) 4,2 3,7 4,4 28,4 60,2