Sự thích hợp giữa năng lực của sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành công nghệ thông tin với nhu cầu của ngành công nghiệp ( Luận án tiến sĩ)

Sự thích hợp giữa năng lực của sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành Công nghệ thông tin với nhu cầu của ngành công nghiệpSự thích hợp giữa năng lực của sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành Công nghệ thông tin với nhu cầu của ngành công nghiệpSự thích hợp giữa năng lực của sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành Công nghệ thông tin với nhu cầu của ngành công nghiệpSự thích hợp giữa năng lực của sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành Công nghệ thông tin với nhu cầu của ngành công nghiệp

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RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GRADUATES’

COMPETENCIES TO THE INDUSTRY NEEDS

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Southern Luzon State University, Lucban, Quezon, Philippines

In Collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management

Bui Ngoc Tuan (Future)

April, 2014

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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management, this research entitled “RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY GRADUATES’ COMPETENCIES TO THE INDUSTRY NEEDS” has been

submitted by Bui Ngoc Tuan (Future)and is hereby recommended for oral examination

DR CONRADO ABRAHAM

Research Adviser

Approved by the Oral Examination Committee, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management offered by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

APOLONIA A ESPINOSA, Ph.D WALBERTO A MACARAAN, Ed D Dean, Graduate School Vice President, Academic Affairs

Date _

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Sincerest appreciation is extended to the following individuals who in their own special ways have made this dissertation a reality:

Hon Dr Cecilia Gascon, President of Southern Luzon State University, Republic of

the Philippines, for her immeasurable contribution in the development of the joint program of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management between Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University;

Prof Dr Dang Kim Vui, President of Thai Nguyen University, the Socialist Republic

of Vietnam for his approval in the offering of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management program in cooperation with the Southern Luzon State University, Philippines;

Prof Dr Tran Van Dien, Rector of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and

Forestry, for his invaluable assistance in the establishment of the Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management program in cooperation with the Southern Luzon State University, Philippines;

Dr Nguyen Tuan Anh, Former Director of the International Training Center, Thai

Nguyen University, for his enthusiasm in the establishment of the Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management program in cooperation with the Southern Luzon State University, Philippines;

The Panel of Examiners, for their remarkable comments, suggestions and

recommendations to enhance this thesis manuscript;

Dr Conrado Abraham, his thesis adviser, for his unparalleled guidance and advice

in conducting this research;

The Visiting Professors including Dr.Arivalan, Dr Balakrishnan, Dr Walberto A Macaraan, Dr Lee Kar Ling, Dr W.Johnson, Dr Teresita V de la Cruz, and Dr

The Graduates – respondents of the study, for their active involvement, without their cooperation, the result of this dissertation could not have been possible;

His loving classmates and colleagues, for the endless support and friendship which inspired the researcher to do his best in finishing the study;

His wife, his son and his parents, for their encouragement, financial, moral and spiritual supports for continuously believing that he can finish the task to the best of his abilities

Bui Ngoc Tuan (Future)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES viii

ABSTRACT Error! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study 5

Objectives of the study 8

Hypothesis 8

Significance of the study 8

Scope and limitations 9

Definition of terms 10

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Research paradigm 35

Relevance and satisfaction 35

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Locale of the Study 37

Research Design 39

Population and sampling 39

Research instrumentation 41

Data gathering procedure 41

Statistical Treatment 41

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Descriptive interpretation of the scale 43

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS V SUMMARY, FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary 69

Conclusions 70

Recommendations 70

BIBLIOGRAPHY 72

APPENDICES 75

Apendices A……… 76

Apendices B………77

RESEARCH PROFILE……….163

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LIST OF TABLES

Table1 : Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents 40 Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the units surveyed 40 Table 3: Graduation student capacity about qualifications and skills 45

Table 4 : Specialized capacity of graduation students 46 Table 5: Assessing work ability of graduation students

Table 6: Industry’s knowledge requirement to IT graduation students

Table 7: Industry’s skill requirement to IT graduation students

Table 8: Industry’s working attitude requirement to IT graduation students

Table 9: Level Knowledge training needs of industry for IT graduates

Table 10: Level Skills training needs of industry for IT graduates

Table 11: Level Attitude training needs of industry for IT graduates

Table 12: The Mean and Standard Deviation

Table 18: Level of competency and satisfaction of IT graduates and the training needs

of the industry (Skill and qualities- knowledge)

Table 19: Level of competency and satisfaction of IT graduates and the training needs

of the industry (Professional capacity - knowledge)

Table 20: Level of competency and satisfaction of IT graduates and the training needs

of the industry (Work ability - Attitude)

Table B 1.1 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha of Skill and qualities -

Professional capacity - Work ability

Table B.1.2 : Frequency, percentage and Distribution of the Respondents

Table B 1.3: The IT curriculum of Thai Nguyen University

Table B 1.4 : Questionnaire for employer survey

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Table B.1.5 SURVEYS FORM LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF GRADUATES

COMPETENCIES

Table B 1.6: Online questionnaire

Table B 1.7: SURVEYS FORM LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF GRADUATES

COMPETENCIES

Table B 1.8: Mean Distribution of the Responses According to Skill and qualities Needs

Table B 1.9: Mean Distribution of the Responses According to Professional capacity

Needs

Table B 1.10: Mean Distribution of the Responses According to Work ability Needs

Table B 1.11: Mean Distribution of the Responses According To Knowledge Needs

Table B 1.12: Mean Distribution of the Responses According to Skills Needs

Table B 1.13: Mean Distribution of the Responses According To Attitude Needs

Table B 1.14: Level Knowledge training needs of industry for IT graduates

Table B 1.15: level Skills training needs of industry for IT graduates

Table B 1.16: level Attitude training needs of industry for IT graduates

Table B 1.17: The Mean and Standard Deviation

Table B 1.25: level of competency and satisfaction of IT graduates and the training

Table B 1.25: Da ta industry’s need

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3 Location of Thai Nguyen University 37

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INTRODUCTION

According to international assesment agencies on Information Technology and Communication, Vietnam has informantion technology and communication development index (IDI) ranking at 86 out of 161 nations and rank 4th position in Southern East Asia (2012) Networked Readiness Index (NRI) of Vietnam ranked at 84 out of 144 nations and 5th position in Southern East Asia in 2012 Regarding to information technology industry, Vietnam ranked at 8th worldwide on software processing activities (according to Tholon Corporation, 2011), stays on top ten nations

in Pacific Asia and top thirty worldwide (according to report of Gartner Corporation in 2012) Vietnam has been highly considered on public service and application of information technology on State Agencies For the norms of electronic Administration/Government, Vietnam has been classified at 4th position in South East Asia and 81 out of 190 nations in 2012

Regarding human resource quality, Vietnam has ranked at 101 out of 161 nations

in 2012 and highly considered on education qualification of mathematics and scientific subjects Nowaday human resource on information technology is not only very limited

in number in Vietnam, but it is also lack in the world Now the world is in shortage of 4 million engineers on information technology (IT) And in Vietnam demand of humand resource on software industry (PM) has been drammatically increasing From 2011 to

2015, Vietnam is estimated to need about 20.000 - 25.000 engineers on IT While education and training capacity of human resource on information technology provides about 34.448 engineers, 41.048 ones in 2010 and 2012 respectively.In fact number of qualified IT enginners under employer’s requirements are even much smaller

According to employer’s statistics database, Vietnamese IT engineers are very weak in communication skill, professional working style, and English proficiency Moreover, about 64% of human resource is weak in group working ability Thus they could not integrate and adapt to employer’s standards after being recruited Up to 71% graduation students have not adapted to technology advance change, 90% foreign language insufficient students Therefore Vietnamese IT staffs could only utilise 60% their capacity and big obstacles for enterprise’s recruitment

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According to, Deputy Prime Miniser Nguyen Thien Nhan: “In IT industry, Vietnam has very good potentials to cooperate with international partners And a question is how to attract more and more foreign investors participating in IT human

resource education and training” Therefore, I have conducted this study “Relevance of

information tecnology graduates’ competencies to the industry needs” The

objective of this study is to assess IT student capacity of Thai Nguyen University in meeting to enterprise’s demand and to find out gap between training education quality and real requirements The findings of this study will be scientific evidences for policy-makers, educational institutions, educators, and students in improving education program and efficiency

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CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research It is essential for everyone and the level of education helps people earn respect and recognition It is a fact that the importance of education is undeniable for every single person It goes without saying that education has a positive effect on human life All people need to access to education Only with the advent of education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world

Education plays such a rudimentary role in our society that we cannot even imagine a life without it It is a determined element for the civilization of human society Not only does it helps us develop healthy surroundings but it also generates an advance community As a matter of fact, everything we create today is based on the knowledge that we obtain throughout our life by way of education This assists scientists in inventing equipment and devices, resulting in a high technology nowadays The more developed life becomes, the more necessary education is for everyone because the development of a country depends vastly on the standard of education, it must do everything to improve it Although the educational systems of different countries are not similar but they have to share a common goal which is to provide its citizens a suitable and proper learning Education is absolutely beneficial for the society on the whole It is a life-long process to each person that needs to be reinforced throughout life However, we need an education system that may eradicate illiteracy and may provide the common man an access not only to basic education but also to higher and technical education

Viet Nam’s competitive advantage in the global economy depends on qualified and skilled workforce A troubling gap, however, currently exists between the skills and knowledge of the country’s current and projected workforce and the demands of jobs expected to grow most rapidly during the next decade

From 1stof October to 15th of October 2012 in Hanoi, the 11th steering committee of the party held the 6th meeting to discuss and draw the resolutions on

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building project “Fully and fundamentally innovate the education and training in the market economy which is oriented to the socialist and international integration; and on building project “Develop science and technology to support the industrialization and modernization in the market economy which is oriented to the socialist and international integrations.”

The steering committee of the party identified that for a secured leading of the party and for the consideration of the whole nation as well as the efforts of the teachers, managers and scientist communities are the reasons that the science and technology of the nation obtained important achievements on the quantity and quality

of the education in all levels, including management, scientific research and applications, market and services for the science and technology, and international collaboration

Developing Viet Nam ICT brand name Products and service

On September 22nd, 2010, the Prime Minister promulgated the Decision No 1755/QD-TTg approving the National Strategy on “Transforming Viet Nam into an advanced ICT country”, which defines strategic missions to accelerate the IT industry

of Viet Nam Some of the important missions are to improve the capacity and competitiveness of Vietnamese enterprises, and to develop Viet Nam’s ICT brand-name products and services To accomplish these missions and implement the campaign, “Vietnamese people prefer Vietnamese products” of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Viet Nam and the Government’s Resolution No 11/NQ-CP dated February 24th, 2011 regarding measures to control inflation, stabilize the macro-economy and ensure social welfare In this regard, the Ministry of Information and Communications launched the Program in Promoting the development of Viet Nam ICT brand-name products and services (VIBrand) in 2011

VIBrand 2011 leverages the nation’s patriotism in encouraging domestic consumers to choose Viet Nam ICT brand-name products and services, thereby creating a competitive market for Vietnamese enterprises to provide highly qualified ICT products and services not only for domestic demands but also for exports The program brings together government agencies, national and foreign enterprises and

- For Vietnamese IT enterprises: The program creates a venue for enterprises to express their needs and recommendations to the state management agencies, share their experiences, promote their images, and seek business cooperation opportunities;

- For consumers: Through this program, a variety of top ICT products and services were introduced to the domestic consumers It was a valuable opportunity for

IT enterprises to provide adequate and accurate information on their trademarks and products, thus allowing for stronger trust and higher usage of Viet Nam’s ICT brand-name products and services

- For foreign investors and enterprises: The program analyzes the potential developments of IT market in Viet Nam, where demand for specialized products and services in particular technical fields has yet to fully emerged The program has also allowed investors and foreign enterprises to explore the opportunity for joint ventures with Vietnamese IT businesses providing IT products and services Thus far, VIBrand

2011 has received the support and participation of various Ministries, agencies, associations and IT enterprises nationwide, as well as international partners In this context, the Ministry of Information and Communications is developing and implementing the VIBrand 2012 on a larger scale, with a hope to bring about a greater impact

Together with the VIBrand, the Ministry of Information and Communications is conducting several related activities, namely: periodically updating a list of IT products suitable for government-funded organizations and agencies; developing and publishing the “Catalogue of Viet Nam IT products”; implementing the “National Brand” program in cooperation with Ministry of Industry and Trade; and promoting youth innovation in the IT sector in cooperation with Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth

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Union These activities will contribute substantially to the development of the IT industry and operationalize the National Strategy on “Transforming Viet Nam into an advanced ICT country”

In recent years, under the leadership of the Party and the Government, the ICT sector of Viet Nam has been continuously moving forward, fostering the development

of infrastructure system, and contributing positively to the socio-economic growth In

2011, although the Vietnamese economy still faced many challenges due to the negative effects of the global economic crisis, this sector maintained its growth and continuously gained many important achievements

The telecommunication infrastructure was modernized to cover the whole country with and had met international standards in providing good quality services and improving customer satisfaction IT application in government agencies has been adopted widely and contributed to a significant extent to public administration reform efforts

The educational system on ICT human resource was scaled up both in volume and form In view of this, 290 universities and colleges had ICT faculties or departments (only 13 compared with 2010) and the quota of ICT-related student’s enrolment was 64,796 students (only 4,000 students compared with 2010) In 2011, there were 41,908 students graduating in different ICT majors; 173,107 studying in ICT faculties or departments; and 55,197 ICT students enrolled to these institutions

The policy and regulatory environment for ICT development was gradually improved in order to assure the transparency and clarity to facilitate procedures and to ensure strict law enforcement Specifically, the establishment of Viet Nam Telecommunication Authority in August 2011 was considered a big step to strengthen the public management capacity in the field of telecommunications and the Internet

In particular, on January 16th, 2012, the 4th Congress of the Central Committee

of the Communist Party of Viet Nam promulgated the Resolution No 13-NQ/TW on Building a synchronous infrastructure system with a view to transforming Viet Nam into a modernized industrial country by 2020 The resolution places strong emphasis

on “Improving the capacity to leverage technology and manage effectively the information infrastructure and content to assist the Party’s and the Government’s

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leadership; meeting the demand of information exchange and flow within the society

to boost socio-economic development to ensure the national defence and security, information security, state sovereignty over the cyber space Further the development

in the networking system inside the country and with other nations to form the country’s information super highway and in enhancing the application of information technology in the managemet of the socio- economic infrastructure and the whole economy This is considered a top priority in the industrialization and modernization process of each strategic economic sector; and in accelerating the information technology industry including the software industry in a fast and sustainable manner

Background of the Study

The strategy on development of human resources of Viet Nam during the period

2011 – 2020 ( Prime Minister’s No 579/QĐ-TTg dated Apr 09, 2011) are as follows: The National strategy on “Transforming Viet Nam into an advanced ICT country” (Prime Minister’s Decision No 1755/QD-TTg dated Sep 22, 2010) includes: (1) Planning on the development or digital information security to 2020 (Prime Minister’s Decision No 63/QD-TTG dated Jan 13, 2010); (2) Master plan on development of information technology human resources of Viet Nam to 2015,orietations toward 2020 (Prime Minister’s Decision No 698/QĐ-TTg dated Jun 01, 2009); and (3) Planning

on the development of information technology human resources of Viet Nam to 2020 (Decision No 05/2007/QĐ-BTTTT dated Oct 26, 2007)

The strategy in the development of information and communication technology of Viet Nam to 2010 and orientations toward 2020 (Prime Minister’s Decision No 246/2005/QD-TTg dated Oct 6, 2005), includes the following:

(1) National strategy on development of posts and telecommunications of Viet Nam

to 2010, Orientations towards 2020 (Prime Minister’s Decision No 158/2001/QD-TTg dated Oct 18, 2001)

(2) National Programs and Projects on ICT

2.1 IT industry, posts and telecommunications

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Project on improvement of computer usage and public Internet access ability in Viet Nam (BMGF), with the Ministry of Information and Communications, implementation duration: 2011 – 2016 as implementing agency

2.2 Information technology application/E-Government

(3) National program on information technology application in state agencies’ operations during the period 2011 - 2015 (Prime Minister’s Decision No 1605/QD-TTg dated Aug 27, 2010)

(4) Project on national authentication with the Ministry of Information and Communications, as implementing agency, implementation duration: 2011 – 2015; and

(5) Project on investment in devices for information technology application in state agencies with the Ministry of Information and Communications, as implmenting agency, implementation duration: 2011 - 2015

The industry’s success is determined much by the skills of its workforce This requires focusing on how human resource development activities can be used in ensuring the workforce to be equipped with skills and to successfully meet the challenges The ICT industry of Viet Nam faces challenges that are complex, and new dimensions, such as the increasing workforce diversity and the rate of technological change make it difficult to ensure human resource development efforts to succeed unless the decision makers make informed choices about the content and methods of delivering the development interventions

Training Needs Assessment provides decision making information on the competency gaps of the training audiences, training providers and courses available, training gaps, appropriate delivery methods, training strategies, recommendations and strategic vision as a way forward for the ICT industry

Training, education and development areas are focused with a Competency Based Training approach in the skill development of the ICT industry workforce The nature of ‘a never ending cycle’ in training and the role of human resource managers

in planning, monitoring, reviewing and evaluating the training outcomes for enhanced and effective work performance emphasize the need for a continuous strategic training process for the industry The horizontal and vertical career movements in search of

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higher exposure in gaining strong profiles and the transitory trend of ‘keep learning keep moving’ of the workforce identifies the need for faster learning techniques and acknowledging IT worker as an industry resource rather than an organization resource The multiple professional expertise’s required in terms of the industry specific technical nature of the ICT capabilities for effective discharge of functions is identified for the industry The horizontal and vertical career movements in search of higher exposure in gaining strong profiles and the transitory trend of ‘keep learning keep moving’ of the workforce identifies the need for faster learning techniques and acknowledging IT worker as an industry resource rather than an organization resource The multiple professional expertise’s required in terms of the industry specific technical nature of the ICT capabilities for effective discharge functions is identified

In building a competent ICT workforce to meet the industry’s challenging opportunities, this report presents a detailed list of key findings, recommendations and

a way forward that include; Requirement of greater congruence between training organizations and the ICT industry need for training strategy to be implemented as an evolving process and ICT to initiate an accreditation process for training courses as well as on the training entities

Non-technical skills lack in greater proportions across the industry of which effective communication skills in the English language is highlighted Industrial standardization and accreditation of the courses and course curriculums, evaluation mechanisms with the participation of the training institutes and the industry is recommended for skill standardization

Career and transitory trends of individuals identified as seeking greater exposure for building high profiles for future progression rather than titles that require deployment

of faster, economical training methods with the increasing demand for value-added services that require higher competencies in both modern technical and non-technical areas

Potential need to incorporate industrial placements to IT related degrees and professional qualifications to give individuals prior exposure to fast-pace the work environment

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Information Technology was noted at TNU, The University is mandated to pursue training high quality human resource, conducting researches on scientific technologies and management, verifying and proposing solutions and sustainable development policies, and contributing to the socio-economic development of the region towards industrialization and modernization It is the vision of TNU to become a world class University within Vietnam and the Southeast Asia in providing higher education in the fields of agriculture and forestry, teacher education, technology, economics, business administration, medicine and pharmacy, information and communication technology, foreign languages, among others

Based on the situation above, the researcher decided to conduct a study on Relevance of Information Technology graduates’ competencies to the industry need

Objectives of the study

The study was conducted in order to identify the level of competency, satisfaction, and training needs of Information Technology graduates for the industry need

Specifically, it aimed to:

1 Find out the level of competency, satisfaction and training needs of IT graduates 1.1 Level of competence

1.2 Level of satisfaction

1.3 Training needs in the industry

2 Find out training needs of industry for IT graduates

3 Relationship level of competency and satisfaction and the training needs

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between the level of competency and satisfaction of IT graduates and the training needs of the industry

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study tried to find out and to identify the level of competency, satisfaction, and training needs of Information Technology graduates for the industry need with the competency and satisfaction of students and the requirements of employers, hence, it will be beneficial to the following:

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Administrators: It is hoped that this study will provide new solutions to develop

training programs in the field of information technology in Thai Nguyen University to meet the industry needs

Teachers: The results of the study are of great help to teachers, since they will be

made aware of the development of information technology training programs needed for the development of the school to meet the satisfaction of the students and the requirements of employers Researchers can contribute to a new path in their search for better ways to improve themse if and their work environment In this way, eventually it will lead to a better quality performance in the teaching and management human resources

Students: They will benefit in this study because they are the main concerns of

higher education and a healthy environment and relationships can create a positive impact on teaching and learning process The researcher hopes that the results and findings will bring understanding and learning-oriented, harmonious relationship between the school, students and employers

Future Researchers: This study can provide a reference for researchers of Thai

Nguyen University in making decision on curriculum development oriented information technology, communication skills, and personal qualities, as the most important competencies, but suggests that the workplace context determines their relative importance

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the Relevance of Information Technology graduates’ competencies to the industry need at Thai Nguyen University, where training in the field of information technology Of the 1089 students who have graduated from the faculty of information technology, only 146 respondents were included in the study

Workforce development in the Viet Nam suggested that Thai Nguyen University has to play the role in addressing them by partnering with employers to align college curricula with workplace needs This in brief describes partnership

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