研究の目的
Exploring the nuances of synonymous verbs in Japanese, such as "言う" (to say), "話す" (to speak), "しゃべる" (to talk), "述べる" (to state), and "語る" (to narrate), is essential for developing translation skills Understanding these terms enhances one's ability to convey meaning accurately in different contexts.
The study not only examines the usage of these verbs in Japanese novels but also investigates their translation examples in Vietnamese versions.
This is a list analyzing Japanese novels and their translations into Vietnamese, showcasing examples of translated works.
1 角田光代（2003）『キッドナップ・ツア』、式新潮社。
2 An Nhiên dịch (từ nguyên bản tiếng Nhật)（2014）Tôi “bị”bố bắt cóc, NXB Dân Trí
3 越谷オサム（2011）『陽だまりの彼女』、式新潮社。
4 Mộc Miên dịch (từ nguyên bản tiếng Nhật) （2014）Cô gái trong nắng, NXB Lao Động
5 木藤亜也（2005）『「1 リットルの涙」難病と闘い続ける尐女亜也の日記』、 社幻冬舎。
6 Trần Trọng Đức dịch (từ nguyên bản tiếng Nhật) （2011）Một lít nước mắt -
Kito Aya, NXB Văn hóa Văn nghệ Tp Hồ Chí Minh
また、ベトナム人日本語学習者の「言う」「話す」「しゃべる」「述べる」
A study on the translation of synonymous verbs for "to speak" was conducted among intermediate Japanese language learners who are Vietnamese university students.
研究方法
This article examines the meanings of synonymous verbs in Japanese, specifically focusing on "語る" (kataru), "しゃべる" (shaberu), and "述べる" (noberu) It analyzes their occurrences, frequency, usage contexts, and semantic content in relation to other related verbs such as "言う" (iu) and "話す" (hanasu) The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these verbs and their nuanced differences in meaning and application.
A survey was conducted among intermediate Japanese language learners at Hanoi Trade University, Da Nang University of Foreign Languages, and Tan Long University, focusing on their knowledge of synonyms and the usage of the verbs "to say" and "to speak."
This article investigates the meanings of the synonymous verbs "to speak," "to talk," and "to state," along with their practical applications in interpretation It includes a survey aimed at clarifying the acquisition status of these synonyms among Vietnamese learners, featuring relevant questions and their responses.
Based on the data obtained from these investigations and considerations, statistical tables and charts are created and analyzed.
論文の構成
類義語
This article provides an overview of synonyms in modern common language, specifically focusing on the Japanese language Numerous studies conducted by Japanese researchers have directly addressed synonyms, allowing for a detailed discussion on their definitions and characteristics based on these findings.
1.1.1 類義語の定義
The term "synonyms" has been defined in various ways throughout history This article will outline some of the most prominent definitions of synonyms.
まずは辞典を見ることにする。
『国語辞典 第亓版』（「岩波書店」 1996）は類義語を次のように定義する。
「意義の類似する言葉のことである。例えば、「対照」と「対比」、「両親」と
「母父」である。」
According to the "Nihongo Daijiten Second Edition" (Kodansha, 1995), synonyms are defined as words that have different sounds but similar meanings within the same language For example, they are terms that convey closely related concepts despite their phonetic differences.
The distinctions between terms such as "inference" and "speculation," "extension" and "similar fire," "clothing" and "kimono," as well as "belly" and "stomach," and the variations of "to be" represented by "de aru" and "da" or "desu" are significant in understanding the nuances of the Japanese language.
教科研東京国語部会・言語教育研究サークルの『語彙教育』（1964）によれば、
Synonyms are words that have the same or similar meanings Examples include "desk" and "table," "tomorrow" and "あした," "book" and "書物," as well as "lose" and "なくす."
「わらう」と「ほほえむ」など」が類義語である。
When a word has multiple meanings (is polysemous), it can represent one meaning in one context and a different meaning in another In such cases, each meaning becomes a synonym in its respective context For instance, the term "fresh" can mean "new" when referring to "a plate piled high with fresh fruit" or "fresh flowers delivered directly from the source."
「新鮮な山の気」というときには「きれいな」と類義語である。
Yasuo Iwasa (2011) defines synonyms from a semantic perspective, stating that a set of words is considered synonyms if they share the same meaning characteristics.
以上の定義から、本論では類義語を次のようなに定義する。
According to the "Nihongo Daijiten Second Edition" (Kodansha, 1995), synonyms are defined as words that have different sounds but similar meanings within a language.
また、これからこの定義に基づいて類義語を確定する。
1.1.2 類義語分類
When considering synonyms, it's important to recognize that the relationship between words can vary in many ways As a result, there are several methods for classifying synonyms This classification can be based on aspects such as meaning, nuance, and part of speech.
1.1.2.1 意味の側面 意味の側面から考えると、類義語は４グループを分けられる。
・グループ 1：意味の重なり合いがある言葉。
The distinctive feature of this group's words lies in their overlapping intellectual and conceptual meanings, while subtle nuances differentiate each term.
例えば、「夜」と「晩」、「来年」と「明年」、「ふたご」と「双生児」、
「投手」と「ピッチャー」である。
類義語を考える上で、ニュアンスの違いを無視することはできない。
例えば、「夜」と「晩」。
The term "night" is used in contrast to "day," as seen in the expression "day and night."
A day is divided into two distinct periods: the time when the sun is shining, referred to as "daytime," and the time after sunset, known as "night."
一これに対して、「晩」は「朝・昼・晩」という言葉にみられるように、
「朝」や「昼」と対比して用いられる言葉である。
The term "evening" refers to the latest time period within the active hours of the day, which is categorized into two distinct segments: the hours when humans typically engage in activities and the hours when they do not When focusing solely on the active time frame, it can be further divided into three parts, with "evening" representing the last of these segments.
The distinction between "late-night snacks" and "dinner" arises from the different meanings of the terms "night" and "evening."
・グループ 2：広い意味－狭い意味（包摂関係）がある言葉。
例えば、「うまい」と「おいしい」、「幅」と「幅員」、「時間」と「時刻」、
「木」と「樹木」である。
ベトナム語における類義語
Similar to Japanese, Vietnamese also has synonyms, and the definitions of these synonyms can vary significantly.
The definition of synonyms in the "Vietnamese Dictionary, 7th Edition" (Danang Publishing, 2000) states that "synonyms are words that have different pronunciations but similar meanings."
Nguyễn Đức Tồn (2011) định nghĩa rằng các từ đồng nghĩa là những từ có hình thức khác nhau nhưng biểu thị cùng một đối tượng và hình ảnh.
Two definitions differ in expression but share a commonality: synonyms are words with similar meanings that have different forms Based on this definition, this paper aims to define synonyms in Vietnamese as follows.
Synonyms are words that have similar meanings but differ in sound They can convey the same content or share both meaning and nuance, enhancing language richness and precision.
Synonyms do not have identical meanings; they share commonalities but also possess distinct differences Identifying these differences can be challenging, yet they play a crucial role in defining the purpose of synonyms and contribute to the unique nuances within synonym groups.
グループ化されている各類義語は類義グループと呼ばれる。
例えば、ベトナム語における「cố, gắng, cố gắng」は類義グループである。
In a group of synonymous words, there is typically a widely used term that holds a general meaning This term, known as the central word of the group, serves as a neutral reference point for comparison and analysis with other words.
Trong nhóm từ đồng nghĩa như "yếu, yếu đuối, yếu ớt", "yếu" được coi là từ trung tâm.
In Vietnamese, synonym groups typically revolve around several common forms of expression.
When a group contains both simple words and compound words, the central word is typically the simple word.
In a group where there are few words that can create derivatives, the root word that generates these derivatives typically serves as the central term.
類義語動詞
As previously mentioned, synonyms can be categorized into four types based on parts of speech: noun synonyms, adjective synonyms, adverb synonyms, and verb synonyms This section will focus specifically on verb synonyms, summarizing their characteristics and usage.
Synonymous verbs are words within the same language that differ in sound but have similar meanings, and in some cases, can be used interchangeably.
In Japanese, it is common for two or three verbs to share similar meanings, forming a synonym relationship Examples include "omou" (to think) and "kangaeru" (to consider), "mezaru" (to aim) and "nerau" (to target), "kiku" (to listen) and "tou" (to ask), as well as "sagasu" (to search) and "hiku" (to pull).
The terms "to think" and "to consider" are synonymous when expressing one's thoughts on a subject For example, one might say, "I believe that is correct."
また、文脈によって「思う」と「考える」は異なるニュアンスがある。
[例文 6] 相手のことを｛思う・考える｝。
When we say "thinking of someone," it expresses feelings of affection and concern for that person In contrast, "considering someone" conveys a more analytical approach, reflecting on the situation and circumstances surrounding them.
In discussing the concept of "thinking about the answer to a problem," it is important to distinguish it from merely "feeling the answer." Thinking involves a systematic and intellectual analysis, indicating an objective judgment In contrast, feeling refers to subjective and emotional mental processes or instantaneous judgments.
The terms "mezasu" and "nerau" are synonymous when they refer to a goal or objective related to a specific target.
Producers are currently preparing for the reopening of trade and are actively engaging in discussions to facilitate this process.
The term "ねらう" can imply a negative nuance in certain contexts, suggesting an intention behind undesirable actions.
The president, determined to survive politically, is seeking to expand his influence by exploiting divisions within the Kurdish community.
「めざす」と「ねらう」は類義語の関係にあり、同時に文脈によっては（＋）
（―）のニュアンスが関わる。
類義関係で使われる 3 つの卖語の場合、「探す・たずねる・訪れる」、「生きる・住む・暮らす」、「選ぶ・決める・定める」などがある。
The terms "choose," "decide," and "determine" reflect actions driven by human will and intention, highlighting their synonymous relationship in the context of decision-making.
[例文 9] 第 2 外国語は韓国語を選ぼうと思う。
[例文 10] 洋服の生地はこれに決めましょう。
[例文 11] 定められた規則にしたがって行動してください。
In addition, there are groups of verbs that share similar meanings, categorized into four and five verb clusters For instance, the four-verb group includes terms like "arise," "become," "be born," and "occur," while the five-verb group features related verbs that convey a common theme.
The Japanese language features various verbs that convey similar meanings, such as "降りる" (to descend), "降ろす" (to lower), "下がる" (to drop), "下げる" (to reduce), and "降る" (to fall) Additionally, it includes terms like "言う" (to say), "話す" (to speak), "しゃべる" (to chat), "述べる" (to state), and "語る" (to narrate) Understanding these nuances enhances communication and expression in Japanese.
This section will provide a detailed discussion on the nuances of the Japanese verbs "言う" (to say), "話す" (to talk), "しゃべる" (to chat), "述べる" (to state), and "語る" (to narrate).
1.4 「言う」「話す」「語る」「しゃべる」「述べる」という類義語動詞の意 味の考察
ベトナム語における発言行為を表す語
Theo Hoàng Văn Hoành (1992), tiếng Việt có sự phong phú về các nhóm từ biểu thị hành động phát ngôn Nếu phân loại theo hình thức, trong số các nhóm từ này có những từ thuộc loại bán ngữ.
（１つの音節）から成るものとして、「nói」、「 kể」、「 hỏi」、「 đáp」、
Trong tiếng Việt, có nhiều từ diễn tả hành động giao tiếp như "kêu", "la", "mắng", "khuyên", và "bảo" Ngoài ra, còn có các từ ghép như "nài nỉ", "năn nỉ", "bàn bạc", "nói năng", "lảm nhảm", và "cằn nhằn" Một số thành ngữ phổ biến như "bụng bảo dạ" cũng thể hiện sự suy nghĩ hoặc cảm xúc nội tâm.
Các cụm từ như "cãi chày cãi cối", "rát cổ bỏng họng", "cà riềng cà tỏi", "câm như hến" và "dây cà ra dây muống" thể hiện sự đa dạng trong ngôn ngữ và văn hóa Những thành ngữ này không chỉ mang ý nghĩa sâu sắc mà còn phản ánh những khía cạnh khác nhau của cuộc sống.
Từ "nói" được coi là trung tâm của nhóm từ thể hiện hành vi phát ngôn trong tiếng Việt Nghĩa của "nói" có thể được xem là đại diện cho những điểm chung của các từ trong nhóm Hơn nữa, "nói" mang tính chất trung hòa trong sắc thái ngữ nghĩa.
Do đó, "nói" thường được sử dụng như một tiền đề để giải thích ý nghĩa của các từ còn lại trong nhóm.
『ベトナム語辞典 第七版』（ダナン出版社 2000）によれば、「nói」
には 6 つの意味がある。
1 音声を出す、コミュニケーションの中で何かを言葉で伝える。 例 えば、:「Đã nói là làm.」、「Hỏi chẳng nói, gọi chẳng thưa.」 である。
2 発音する 例えば、「Nói giọng Nam Bộ.」である。
3 何か言語を使用して、コミュニケーションのために発音する。例 えば、
「Nói tiếng Việt.」である。
4 批判を表す。例えば、「Người ta nói nhiều lắm về ông ta.」である。
5 節をつけて述べる 例えば、 「Nói thơ Lục Vân Tiên.」「 Hát nói.」である。
6 何かの内容を表す 例えば、「Những con số nói lên một phần sự thật.」、
「 Bức tranh nói với người xem nhiều điều.」である。
Hoàng Văn Hoành (1992)によると、「nói」は 2 つの意味がある。
Hành động "nói" liên quan đến việc phát ra âm thanh, như trong câu ví dụ: "Tôi nói, đồng bào có nghe rõ không" (Hồ Chí Minh) và "Nghe như có ai đang nói."
2 「nói」は言葉でノコミュニケーション行動である 例えば、
「(3)Người ta hỏi, mà nó chẳng thèm nói.」、「(4)Nói mà nó không chịu nghe.」、
「(5)Đã nói thì phải làm 」である。
Trong ngữ cảnh giao tiếp, từ "nói" ở (3) tương đương với "trả lời", ở (4) có nghĩa là "khuyên" hoặc "bảo", và ở (5) mang ý nghĩa "hứa" Các từ này được sử dụng để trung hòa nghĩa của "trả lời", "khuyên" và "bảo" trong những tình huống cụ thể.
つまり、ベトナム語では、発言行為を表すグループの中心語である
Nhóm "nói" có thể được thay thế bằng các từ khác dựa trên ngữ cảnh cụ thể của cơ chế giao tiếp.
日本語で発言行為を表す言葉の意味のベトナム語との対照
According to the "Japanese-Vietnamese Dictionary, 7th Edition" (Encyclopedia Publishing, 2007), the synonyms for speech acts such as "to say," "to speak," "to talk," "to narrate," and "to state" are explained in the following table.
＜表 1.6＞５つの発言行為を表す類義語動詞の意味
動詞 意味（越訳語）
言う nói, bảo, bày tỏ, phát biểu (ý kiến), có tên là, được gọi là
話す nói, nói chuyện, chuyện trò
しゃべる nói chuyện phiếm, tán gẫu, nói huyên thuyên
語る nói, kể lại, thuật lại
述べる trình bày, phát biểu, đề cập
＜表 1.6＞を見ると、ベトナム語における「nói」という動詞は日本語における
The verbs "to say," "to speak," "to talk," and "to narrate" are synonyms that convey different nuances of communication Each term has its own context and usage, which highlights the diverse ways in which we express ideas and share information Understanding these subtle distinctions can enhance our language skills and improve our ability to convey messages effectively.
まとめ
This chapter explores the definition and classification of synonyms in Japanese, focusing on the basic meanings of the synonymous verbs "言う" (to say), "話す" (to speak), "語る" (to narrate), "しゃべる" (to chat), and "述べる" (to state).
Initially, the definition of "synonyms" refers to words within the same language that differ in sound but have similar meanings, and in some cases, can be used interchangeably Synonyms are also referred to as equivalent words.
In the section on "Synonym Classification," synonyms are categorized based on several criteria These include types of synonyms characterized by overlapping meanings, those with a broad-narrow meaning relationship (hierarchical relationship), and synonyms that share partial meanings.
The article categorizes synonyms into four main types based on their meanings It further divides these synonyms into eight categories based on their connotations, including "old-fashioned," "modern," "formal," "elegant," "negative," "demeaning," "unfavored by the individuals they describe," and "taboo." Additionally, it classifies synonyms by parts of speech, focusing on "nouns" and other grammatical categories.
「形容詞」、「副詞」、「動詞」の４種類に分けた。
Additionally, it is important to distinguish between "synonyms," "equivalents," and "hypernyms/hyponyms" to avoid confusion This differentiation helps clarify the meanings of "synonyms" in relation to "equivalents" and "hypernyms/hyponyms."
なお、類義語動詞の例を挙げた。
In the final section, we explore the meanings of synonymous verbs such as "to say," "to speak," "to narrate," "to chat," and "to state." This analysis draws on prior research and dictionary definitions, examining both the commonalities and differences in their meanings.
日本語小説及びベトナム語訳本における類義語動詞「言う、「話す」、「語る」、 「しゃべる」、「述べる」の表現の考察
考察の概要
Synonymous verbs are commonly found in everyday conversation and are a crucial theme in foreign language education This article examines the synonymous verbs in Japanese literature and their Vietnamese translations, focusing on "言う" (to say), "話す" (to talk), "語る" (to narrate), "しゃべる" (to chat), and "述べる" (to state).
In Japanese novels, the use of six synonymous verbs for "to say," including "言う," is examined to understand their contextual application and frequency of occurrence This analysis highlights how each verb contributes to narrative style and character expression, revealing the nuanced ways in which dialogue is crafted in literature The study also provides insights into the varying prevalence of these verbs, offering a deeper understanding of their role in enhancing storytelling.
これらの類義語動詞はどんな特徴を持っているか。
それぞれの動詞がベトナム語にどのように翻訳されているか。
2.1.2 考察対象及び範囲
上述の目的を果たすために、3 冊の日本語小説、そのベトナム語訳本 3 冊、
合計 6 冊について検討する。6 冊の小説のなかの「言う」「話す」「語る」「し ゃべる」「述べる」の 5 つの類義語動詞の表現についての全体像を作成する。
考察対象の日本語小説は、次の3冊である。
Mitsuyo Kakuta's 2003 work, "Kidnap Tour," explores familial emotions, particularly during a trip that highlights the nuanced feelings between a divorced father and his daughter The narrative intricately captures the emotional dynamics of their relationship, showcasing the complexities of their bond.
In her 2005 book "1 Liter of Tears," Aya Kito chronicles her battle with a degenerative brain disease through a series of diary entries The narrative highlights the optimistic spirit and strong will of a young girl facing immense challenges.
Osamu Koshigaya's 2011 work, "Hidamari no Kanojo," explores the theme of love between humans and a cat-like leprechaun.
The reason for selecting the aforementioned novels lies in their diverse content, target audiences, and distinct expressions.
Ba cuốn sách này đã được dịch sang tiếng Việt "Kidnap Tour" được dịch là "Tôi 'bị' bố bắt cóc", "陽だまりの彼女" thành "Cô gái trong nắng", và "1リットルの涙: Nhật ký của cô gái chiến đấu với bệnh nan y" được gọi là "Một lít nước mắt" Mỗi cuốn sách có một người dịch khác nhau, do đó, nhiều từ đồng nghĩa với động từ "nói" đã được tập hợp lại trong bản dịch.
In the following discussion, each novel will be represented by specific symbols for convenience.
＜表 2.1＞考察対象とする日本語小説・ベトナム語訳本
本の記号 日本語小説・ベトナム語で訳本 タイプ
ツアー キッドナップ・ツアー 日本語小説
T Tôi “bị”bố bắt cóc ベトナム語訳本
彼女 陽だまりの彼女 日本語小説
C Cô gái trong nắng ベトナム語訳本
涙 『1リットルの涙』難病と闘い続ける尐女亜也の日
記 日本語小説
M Một lít nước mắt ベトナム語訳本
論文の考察では以下の方法を用いた。
The article explores the use of five synonyms for the verb "to say" through examples drawn from works such as "Kidnap Tour," "Sunshine Girl," and "A Diary of Aya, a Girl Battling a Rare Disease." By analyzing these texts, the article highlights the richness of language and the various ways to express speech and communication in literature.
This section analyzes the collected example sentences to investigate the characteristics and usage of five synonymous verbs Based on the theories discussed in the previous chapter, the gathered data will be processed, and the results will be summarized in tables or figures This analysis aims to clarify the commonalities and differences among verbs synonymous with "to say."
So sánh các ví dụ dịch đã thu thập với các từ dịch tương ứng Những ví dụ dịch này được trích xuất từ các tác phẩm văn học dịch như "Tôi 'bị' bố bắt cóc", "Cô gái trong nắng" và "Một lít nước mắt".
This article summarizes the translations of various synonyms for the verb "to say" into Vietnamese, exploring the nuances and contextual uses of each term.
考察結果
In three Japanese novels, the verb "to say" and its synonyms are expressed in various forms The term "to say" appears in different conjugations such as "said," "not said," and "let's say."
The Japanese language features various forms of expression, such as "言われる" (to be said), "言えば" (if said), and "言いたい" (want to say) Similarly, the verb "話す" (to speak) has multiple forms, including "話せる" (can speak), "話そう" (let's speak), "話したい" (want to speak), "話して" (speak), and "話さない" (not speak).
The Japanese verbs "語る," "しゃべる," and "述べる" each have diverse forms and usages This section explores five synonymous verbs that express various nuances of communication.
最初に、それぞれの日本語小説に使われたた「言う」、「話す」、「語る」、
「しゃべる」、「述べる」の 5 つの類義語動詞の頻度を確認する。
＜表 2.2＞日本語小説で使われた類義語動詞の使用頻度
類義語動詞
言う 話す しゃべる 語る 述べる
キッドナップ・ツアー 295 19 16 0 0 陽だまりの彼女 242 34 1 9 4
『1リットルの涙』 228 48 2 2 0 小合計 764 101 19 11 4
In the three Japanese novels examined, Osamu Koshigaya's "Hidamari no Kanojo" (2011) features all five synonymous verbs Meanwhile, Aya Kido's "1 Liter of Tears: A Diary of a Girl Battling a Serious Illness" (2005) includes four out of the five synonymous verbs, while Mitsuyo Kakuta's work from 2003 also contributes to this analysis.
『キッドナップ・ツアー』では 3 つの類義語動詞が出ている。
Table 2.2 reveals significant differences in the frequency of synonym verbs When arranged in order of frequency from highest to lowest, the results are as follows:
＜図 2.1＞類義語動詞の使用頻度
言う 話す しゃべる 語る
The analysis revealed that the total occurrences of five synonymous verbs reached 900, with "to say" accounting for 84.8% Other verbs included "to speak" at 11.3%, "to chat" at 2.1%, "to narrate" at 1.3%, and "to state" at 0.4% The three Japanese novels examined are modern works that utilize contemporary language and everyday expressions, explaining the high frequency of "to say." The verbs "to say," "to speak," "to narrate," and "to chat" are considered conversational expressions, while "to state" is more formal and typically found in written contexts, which likely contributes to its lower usage frequency.
2.2.2 「言う」ほかの５類義語動詞の共通点と相違点
第 1 章で考察した辞典での 5 つの動詞の定義に基づいて、本節では各小説に用 いられた文脈の中で 5 つの動詞を考察する。また、「言う」ほかの類義語動詞の 共通点と相違点をまとめる。以下の＜表 2.3＞を用いて考察する。
Table 2.3 outlines the similarities and differences among synonyms of the verb "to say." It categorizes these verbs based on their ability to express meaning, with a checkmark indicating verbs that convey clear expression, a triangle for those that represent ambiguous expression, and a cross for verbs that do not convey meaning at all.
位 意味 言う 話す
べる 語る 述べ
1 音声を出す、何かを言語で伝える ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
2 人間、物事に関する命名 ○ × × × ×
3 テキスト、作品の内容を言い表す ○ × × × ×
4 一般に伝播された言葉、出来事を伝える ○ × × × ×
5 人間が音声を出す行為 ○ × × × ×
6 何かについて意見を述べる × ○ × × ×
7 口が軽く、ぺらぺらと話す ▽ ▽ ○ ▽ ×
8 忌避の言葉、秘密を言う ▽ ▽ ○ ▽ ×
9 韻を踏んで詠歌を歌う（詩）（節をつけて述
10 個人の考え・経験などを相手に伝える × × × ○ ×
11 理由を言う、大切な何か解説する、言い表す × × × × ○
Table 2.3 illustrates that synonyms of the verb "to say" share a fundamental meaning of "producing sound and conveying something through language." This meaning is expressed in two aspects: one involves the conscious act of pronunciation and vocabulary usage, while the other focuses on the transmission of content.
(1)私は心からお礼を言い、感謝のほほえみを浮かべました。（涙： 27）
However, did she only speak two words? By the end, was she really in such a severe state of shock?
I recall discussing "bomb onigiri," a large grilled rice ball filled with various ingredients I really enjoy them!
Just moments ago, she spoke excitedly about how her parents would welcome Kosuke, recalling how they often talked about him during her middle school years Now, however, her profile is twisted with confusion and anger.
After expressing gratitude, the former in-laws both wore puzzled expressions.
Each verb carries its own special meanings and nuances, which allow for easy differentiation of synonymous verbs based on specific contexts The verb "to say" represents human and object sounds, used to convey messages or express the content of a work through commonly used language Below, we will list example sentences illustrating these specific scenarios.
Con người thường có cách đặt tên cho các sự vật, hiện tượng Một lần, tôi đã bị thầy A gọi là "cô gái tự làm tổn thương bản thân", điều này khiến tôi rất buồn.
まとめ
Through the exploration of synonyms for the verbs "to speak" and "to state," a comprehensive panorama of five related verbs has been created.
In three Japanese novels, a total of 900 instances of six synonyms for the verb "to say" were identified Among these, "to say" appeared 765 times, "to talk" was used 101 times, and "to chat" occurred 19 times.
In the analyzed text, the verb "to speak" appears 11 times, while "to state" is used only 4 times Although the verb "to say" is frequently employed in novels, the use of "to state" is relatively uncommon.
The verbs "言う" (to say), "話す" (to talk), "語る" (to narrate), "しゃべる" (to chat), and "述べる" (to state) share both similarities and differences in meaning Their commonalities include the act of pronunciation, conscious use of vocabulary, and the transmission of content "言う" is used for expressing sounds made by humans or objects and for conveying words or content "話す" is employed when discussing or consulting about a topic "しゃべる" refers to talking in a verbose or casual manner "語る" carries a special meaning, often involving nuance or storytelling.
The article discusses the use of specific Japanese verbs in communication "詠歌する" refers to the act of composing poetry with rhythm, while "語る" is employed when conveying thoughts or narratives in detail The term "述べる" is used for explaining important matters and often conveys respect towards the listener Additionally, it is appropriate in formal contexts when stating reasons, reflecting the speaker's strong convictions.
ベトナム語に翻訳される時は、「言う」は 56 の訳語、「話す」は 15 の訳語、
Trong bài viết, từ "語る" có 5 cách dịch, "しゃべる" có 6 cách dịch, và "述べる" có 4 cách dịch Trong số đó, cách dịch của "nói" bao gồm 4 động từ: "言う", "話す", "語る", và "しゃべる" Từ "nói" được sử dụng linh hoạt trong nhiều ngữ cảnh khác nhau, cho thấy nó có ý nghĩa bao quát.