Mục đích nghiên cứu của đề tài Phát huy hiệu quả hoạt động cặp, nhóm trong quá trình dạy học Tiếng Anh ở trường THPT nhằm giới thiệu phương thức làm việc theo cặp, theo nhóm và nêu lên ưu điểm của làm việc học tập theo phương thức này. Chỉ ra cách tổ chức làm việc cặp, nhóm, từ đó phát huy hiệu quả hoạt động cặp, nhóm trong quá trình dạy học Tiếng Anh ở trường THPT.
Trang 1SÁNG KI N KINH NGHI M Ế Ệ
TÊN Đ TÀIỀ
PHÁT HUY HI U QU HO T Đ NG C P, NHÓMỆ Ả Ạ Ộ Ặ
TRONG QUÁ TRÌNH D Y H C TI NG ANH TRẠ Ọ Ế Ở ƯỜNG THPT
Lĩnh v c/ Môn: ự Ti ng Anh ế
C p h c : ấ ọ THPT Tác gi : ả Nguy n Th Tuy tễ ị ế
Đ n v công tác: ơ ị Tr ườ ng THPT L u Hoàng ng Hòa – Hà N i ư Ứ ộ
Ch c v :ứ ụ Giáo viên
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I. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE RESEARCH
During the years, we are carrying out the reformation in teaching new English textbooks. Most of the teachers are used to these new Englishs and try
to find out good teaching methods as much as possible to apply in English periods.
In order to make his English period more effective, the teacher himself must find out the way of teaching suitable for his students. I think that in a good English period, the students play active roles and the teacher is only the adviser.
All the teachers know pair work and group work are the main activities in teaching English at schools. There is always pair work or group work in each lesson of textbook but at times it is not suitable for some classes. If the teacher wants his students to play active roles, he should design pair work and group work before going to class for each period. But sometimes the teacher gets stuck in organizing pair work and group work effectively.
I myself want to present how I apply pair work and group work in most of
my teaching English periods.
II. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH
With the reasons above in my mind, the specific aims of the study accordingly are:
To introduce pair work and group work and to show the advantages of working in pairs and groups
To show how to organize pair and group work effectively and how to deal with initial problems that may arise
To show how pair and group work can be used for various classroom activities
To give teachers confidence in using pair and group work themselves
III. SCOPE, OBJECT AND RESEARCHING METHOD
Scope: Researching in the process of teaching English at Luu Hoang high school
Object: This subject is concerned with ways of organizing activities in the class.
Researching method: Reading reference books, discussing with other teachers, applying in teaching, observing and drawing out experiences
Trang 4Trang 5
Students work in small groups (of four or five) on tasks that entail interaction: conveying information, for example, or group decision making. All the groups work at the same time. The teacher walks around listening, intervenes little if at all
To increase learners’ confidence: The students feel much more comfortable to
speak foreign language with one or two other students rather than with the whole class and the teacher. Especially shy students or ones who are not good at speaking language yet feel more relaxed and selfconfident trying to put their language abilities to a test during the activity and seeing how to use them. This encourages students to cooperarte with one another.
To motivate students’ fluency: While working in pairs or group abilities,
students can use the language freely and express their opinions and thoughts without any restrictions. It is difficult not to get the impression that fluency can
be improved only during constant speaking practice in the atmosphere of independence and in the state of relaxation.
To increase students’ motivation: While working in pairs or groups, the
activities are available. As we know, a huge variety of activities influences the course of a lesson and its success. The more different activities the teacher use
in the lesson, the bigger their motivtion is In fact, students’ motivation increasesbecause they are active and feel important during these activities. In keeping with this, the teacher is going to experiencesuccess in his/her work because motivated students are usually good languages learners and they always make progress
2.2. Disadvantages
Trang 6 To speak native language: One of the disadvantages is that students often
speak in their native language. If the class is really big with too many students, it
is very difficult for the teacher to listen to all pairs or groups at the same time. However, the teacher can still do something to change situation. The teacher should estabilish certain rules at the beginning of the school year and be very strict about them.After sometime the good habit of speaking only English may
be established
To make mistakes: An other problem is incorrectness. While students work in
pairs and groups, the teacher usually do not disturb them, even if he/she notices some mistakes they have made, but we should not forget that errors or mistakes are an indissoluble element of the process of learning. Besides, students try to correct each other rather than learn the mistakes. One of the main points of having learners speak to each other is to help them increase their confidence and reduce the anxiety that is often found in a purely teachercentered classroom. Pairwork and groupwork activities are usually geared to fluency enhancement rather than accuracy practice
To eliminate shy and weak students from the practice: Some shy and weak
students can be eliminated from the practice, because of individuals who always tend to dominate. It is not a problem when they work in pairs, but as far as the groups are concerned, the teacher should assign roles to avoid one or two learners taking over the activity and others becoming passive observers
To make noise and indiscipline: Working in pairs and groups in a large class
makes noise and indiscline, the teacher have more troublesome than the learners have. Participants in a pairwork or groupwork activity are normally unware of the noise and of what other pairs or groups are doing. The only possible here could be solved if the classroom had particularly thin walls
More immediately, it also depends on:
Effective and careful organization
2. Organization steps:
2.1. Presentation:
Trang 7do not understand exactly what they have to do, there will be timewasting, confusion, lack of effective practice, possible loss of control. Select tasks that are simple enough to describe easily; and in monolingual classes, you may find
it costeffective to explain some or all in the students’mother tongue. It is advisable to give the instructions before giving out materials of dividing the class into groups; and a preliminary rehearsal or ‘dry run’ of a sample of the activity with the full class can help to clarify things. If your students have already done similar activities, you will be able to shorten the process, giving only brief guidelines; It is mainly the first time of doing something with a class that such care needs to be invested in instructing
Try to foresee what language will be needed, and have a preliminary quick review of appropriate grammar or vocabulary. Finally before giving the sign to start tell the class what the arrangements are for stopping: If there is a time limit, or a set signal for stopping, say what it is; if the groups simply stop when they have finished, then tell them what they will have to do next. It is wise
to have a reserve task planned to occupy members of groups who finish earlier than expected
Tactfully regulating participation in a discussion where you find some students are over dominant and others silent
2.3. Ending:
Draw the activity to a close at a certain point. Try to finish the activity while the students are still enjoying it and interested, or only just beginning to flag
2.4. Feedback:
A feedback session usually takes place in the context of fullclass interaction after the end of the group work. Feedback on the tasks may take many forms:
Trang 83. Demonstration:
3.1. Example of pair work:
Example 1:
A teacher has an intermediate class. She presented “like/don’t like” and then she uses this exercise for free practice in pairs :( Unit 1 Speaking. English 10)
She could prepape for the pairwork by establishing what the questions and answers should be. She could also demonstrate the pairwork by asking questions round the class, or by getting one pair of students to ask and answer in front of the class. Then students would know exactly what to do
She could be more active in starting the pairwork. Instead of just saying
‘work in pairs’, she could show students who to work with, check that everyone had started working in pairs. This would be very important if the class were not used to pairwork
During the activity, she could move quickly round the class to check that students were talking and to see when they finished
Instead of waiting for everyone finished, she could stop the activity. Then there would be no chance for students to get bored and start talking about other things
Trang 9Example 2:
Teacher presented “used to /didn’t use to + inf (Unit 4, part E – language focus) and then used the following exercise for free practice in pairs
Exercise: Work in pairs, ask what your friends used to do and didn’t use
to do (Ask about food, sport, music, school, subject ……. )
A possible procedure:
* Introduce the exercises and show what questions and answers students can give:
Teacher: Now you are going to talk about things you used to do and things you didn’t use to do. Look at the exercise. What question can you ask?
* Divide the class into pairs:
Teacher: Now. You’re going to work in pairs (Indicate by pointing. If there are single students left without a partner, make groups of three). Ready? Ask and answer the questions. First, one person asks all the questions then change round. Start now
* Students work in pair. Teacher moves quickly round the class, checking that everyone is talking (but do not try to correct mistakes, as this will interrupt the activity)
* When most pairs have finished, stop the activity. Ask a few students what their partners said:
Teacher: Now, stop talking. Mai, tell me about Huong. What did she used to do?
Trang 10Student: She says she used to eat ice cream, listen to pop music and swim in the afternoon, she liked meat but she didn’t use to eat it. She was afraid of being overweight
* Give feedback
Well done
Pay attention to…
(And so on)
3.2. Example of group work
Task 3 (Unit 3 – Speaking English 10)
This is a free activity and aims to develop fluency in speaking. The procedure may be:
Divide students into groups of four or five
Read through the instrutions and make sure that each group understands what to do. Choose one “secretary” in each group to write the list but emphasis that everyone in the groups should agree on what to write
While the activity is going on, move from groups, but do not interrupt more than is necessary
When some groups have finished their discussion, stop the activity, ask one person from each group to report on what they decided
Give feedback: Content
Popular mistakes
3.3. Example of dividing the class:
First, draw a plan of your own class of 50 students. Show how you would divide the class for a pair work or a group work activity and what instructions you would give:
Here are two rows of a class of 50 students. The desks are fixed and the students sit on chairs
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12 13
For pair work: Most students could work with the person next to them. Student 6 could turn round and work with student 3 and students 7, 8, and 9
Trang 11For group work: Students could work in threes and fours along each row. This would be easy to organize but would make it difficult for students to work well as a group, as they would be in a straight line. Or Students in the first row could turn round and form groups with those behind
The first few times that you try pair or group work, you need to give careful instructions and know exactly how you will divide the class. Pair work and group work can become a routine. Once students are used to it and have regular working partners, it can be organized quickly and easily
4. Suggestions for some popular kinds of practice
Pairwork and groupwork are not “teaching methods”, but ways of organizing the class. They can be used for many different kinds of activity, and are naturally more suitable for some activities than for others. Before deciding what kind of activity will be used teacher should answer the following questions:
* Reading a text and answering questions:
Students can disscuss questions in pairs or groups and then read the text
or they can read the text silently and then ask and answer questions in pairs or groups. This is a good way of involving the whole class in answering questions
* Shortwriting exercises:
Student can sit in groups and decide together what to write. One student acts as “secretary”. This can be difficult to organise but in a large class it has the advantages that students correct each others’mistakes and the teacher only has a few papers to mark at the end
Trang 12Pair work can be used for correcting written work (eg: homework)students sit in pairs and correct what their partner has written.
* Discussions:
With more advanced class, discussions can be conducted in group. It is important to define the discussion clearly and to ask each group to report their conclusions afterwards
* Grammar exercises:
Student can do grammar exercises orally in pairs; the teacher goes throught the answers afterwards with the whole class and students write the exercises for homework. This is more interesting and productive than students doing exercises alone, in silence
III. APPLYING THE RESEARCH IN TEACHING
Unit 5: InventionsLesson 3: Speaking Unique inventions
Work in 4 groups to write as many devices as
T <> SsGroup
Trang 13Pair workTake note
Trang 14Task 3: Discuss two more inventions with a
partner Complete the table to below with a
Ss <> SsPair work
Pair work
T <> Ss
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10
minutes
Task 4: Work with a partner Choose one
invention mentioned in 3 and make a similar
Task 5: Work in groups Choose one of the
inventions below and prepare to talk to
Other groups comment
Pair work
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Trang 17By organizing pair work and group work, students in my class become more confident in English class. Once I give a task and ask them to work in pairs or groups they can understand and do it successfully. During the practice, students can help each other to correct their mistakes in pronunciation, intonation or grammar After a year applying pair work and group work activities in teaching English at Luu Hoang high school, I have got some satisfactory results Most of my students have become more interested in learning English and of course their ability to use English in communication has been improved step by step. In each lesson, students are more active, more flexible and enthusiastic participation in the speaking lessons.
That is the main reason of the following results from the test of speaking carried out during the recent school year at my school in comparison with those before being applied as follows:
Table 1: Before applying
ClassTotal
10A5( 43 students)
11A5(27 students)
10A5( 43 students)
11A5(27 students)
The number of students scoring proficient 6 5
Percentage 13,9 % 18,5 %
The number of students scoring pretty 15 10
Percentage 34,8 % 37 %