Tiiu ban Khoa hoc V$t ligu NGHIEN ClJtJ C O N G NGHE TAI C H E C H A T THAI C 6 N G N G H I E P M ^ DIEN VA CHE BIEN SAU KHOANG SAN QUANG NIKEN VA DONG Ph^m Dire T h i n g va Tap thg Phong Cdng nghf k[.]
Trang 1N G H I E N ClJtJ C O N G N G H E T A I C H E C H A T T H A I C 6 N G N G H I E P M ^ DIEN VA C H E BIEN SAU K H O A N G SAN Q U A N G N I K E N VA D O N G
P h ^ m Dire T h i n g va T a p thg P h o n g Cdng nghf kim loai
Vien Khoa hgc vat lieu, Vien Hdn Idm Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam
18 - Hodng Quoc Viet, Cdu Gidy, Hd Ngi
Email: thangpd@ims.vast.ac.vn
T o m tat Niken va dong la 2 kim loai chien luge co tim quan ttpng hang dau phyc vy cho phat triin cdng nghiep va nhiiu mat ciia ddi sdng va nen kinh te qudc dan Nude ta c6 nguon tai nguyen v l dong va niken kha phong phii, bao gdm ca quang nguyen khai trir va nguyen lieu thii cip (ba thai ma dien, veit lieu niken va ddng tai sinh), trong dd nguygn
lieu thii cip phat sinh hang ngan tin mdi nam De xu ly mdi trudng friet de can tdi che thu
hdi cac kim loai nang, nho do lam giam tac nhan gay 6 nhiem chinh tii cac kim loai nay Tap thi Phong Cdng nghe Kim lo^i da nghien ciiu tiianh cdng cdng nghe tai che ba thai
ma dien theo phuang phap tbiiy luyen ket hpp dien phan Cac kit qua dat dugc tao ra ca
sd khoa hpc cdng nghe dl phat ttiln ip dung cho nghien ciiu che bien^sau khoang san
quang niken va ddng Bai bao nay gidi thieu cac ket C[ua nghien cuu ndi bat ttong qua trinh xtr ly tai che ba thai ma dipn va qua trinh dilu che kim loai ddng va niken tii nguon quang sunfua da kim san co ttong nude
NGHIEN C t r u VE XU" LY T A I C H E BA T H A I C O N G N G H l £ P
M A C R O M , N I K E N
Nganh cdng nghiep ma crom, niken tuang ddi phat ttien d Viet Nam va tao ra mpt lugng Idn chat thai cdng nghiep nguy hai d cac dang chii yeu la ran va long Cac chat thai nay deu chiia mdt lugng ion hoac nguyen td kim loai nang de hoa tan nhu Cr, Ni,
Cu, Mn, Zn Dac biet ttong chat thai ran (cdn ggi la ba thai) thanh phan cac nguyen to kim loai nay cd the len tdi 4 0 % tdng khoi lugng chat thai khd Mac du la chat tiiai cdng nghiep nguy hai, nhung ba thai ma dien chiia nhieu nguyen td co gia tri kinh te cao nbu Ni, Cr, Cu nen cd the coi la ngudn nguyen lieu thii cap cd gia tti can phai xii ly tai che thu hdi cac kim loai nay Tu nam 2006 Vien Khoa hpc Vat lieu da dupe giao chu tii de tai khoa hpc cdng nghe cip Vien KHCNVN 2006-2007 (cip BO):
"Nghien ciru cong nghe xir ly vd tdi sir diing bd thdi ran trong cong nghiep ma
cram, niken" Qua dd xay dung va phat trien budng nghien ciiu xii ly tai che ba thai
cdng nghiep ma crom, niken nham thu hdi dugc cac kim loai cd ich la niken kim loai dien phan va mgt sd san pham khac nhau, nhd do giam thieu dugc cac tac nhan dpc hai tii cac kim loai nay, gop phan xii ly mdi trudng cac chit thai cudi ciing
1 Y tirong khoa hpc
Ba thai ran sau ma la mdt hdn hgp muoi va cac dxyt, cac hydrdxyt ciia cac nguySn
td ke tten Cac hop chit nay tucmg ddi d l dang hda tan ttong dung dich axit Do d6 s6
ap dung phuang phap thuy luyen de tach ra khdi ba thai Trudc tien hoa tach chiing bang dung dich axit cd cac ndng dp khac nhau, ta se thu dugc dung dich cac mudi kim loai Dung dich mudi sau hoa tach khdng the dem dien phan true tiep d l thu bSt ky kim loai sach nao Can phai tach rieng muoi chiia Ni vdi dp sach can thiet d l cung c ^ cho di?n phan tiep theo Dac biet ohai luu v loai bd cac hgp chat chiia Fe va Cr - hai
Trang 2nguyen td chinh can ttd qua trinh dien phan Ni sach Mudn vay can dxy hoa mudi
Fé", Cr^"^ thanh mudi Fế', Cr^~, sau đ nang dp k i l m ciia dimg dich boa tach len PH >
5 de chuyen hoa chiing v l dang hydrdxyt bi ket tiia va tach ra khdi dung dich de thu
dugc dung dich sunfat niken sach Tu dung dich nay dieu che ra mudi cacbonat baza
niken NiC03.nNi(OH)2 va dich dien ly NiS04.7H20 chiia 25-35g Ni^^/lit Tiin hanh
dỉn phan mudi cacbonat bazo niken NiC0j.iiNi(0H)2 ttong dich dien ly NiS04.7H20
de thu dugc niken kim loai didn phan cd do sach tten 99.5%
2 Phirong p h a p nghien ciru
2.1- Phmmg phdp hod cong nham hod tdch bd thdi, khu tap chdt vd diiu che
nguyin Hfu diin phdn
- Ap dung cac ket qua nghien cuu hoa cdn^ nghiep de de ra phuang budng nghien
ciru xti ly boa tach cac chat , khii cac tap chat khong mong mudn va che tao nguyen
li$u dien pban true tiep:
Hinh 1 Sa do cong nghg dieu che nguyen lieu dien phdn thu hoi tit ba thdi
Ba thai ran sau ma la mdt hon hgp mudi va cac d x y t , cac hydrdxyt ciia cac nguyen
td ke tten Trudc tien boa tach chiing bang dung dich axit cd cac ndng do khac nhau, ta
se thu dugc dung dich cac mudi kim loaị Cac phan ling hoa tan xay ra theo kieu nbu
sau:
Ni(0H)2 + H2SO4 = NiSÔ + 2H2O (1) Fe(0H)2 + H2SO4 = FeS04 + 2H2O (2) 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 = Fe2(S04)3 + 6H2O , (3) ,
Sau khi loc tach dugc dung dich sau boa tach, tiin hanh bd sung chat kiem yen de
khii cac tap chit mudi chiia sat va crdm theo phan iing :
Fe2(S04)3 + 3NaHC03 = Fe2(C03)3-í + 3NaHS04 (4)
Trang 3Cac can khu hydroxyt sit, crdm dugc loc tach ra; dung dich sau khu va Ipc chiia
chii y l u mudi cua ion niken
Tu dung dich sach chiia ion niken cd t h i d i l u c b l ra nguyen lieu dien phan la dung
dich dien ly NiS04.7H20 vdi ndng dp 100 - 250g/lit va mudi c i p ngudn ion Ni * cho
dung dich dien ly NiC03.nNi(0H)2 theo cac trinh bi nhu sau :
-1- K i t tiia dung dich sach sau boa tach :
NiS04 + NajCOa ~> Na2S04 + NiC03.nNi(0_H)2 i , x^^K
+ Hoa tach mudi cacbonat bazo niken so c i p b i n g axit dac de dieu che dung
dich niken sunfat ndng do cao de lam dung dich dien ly :
NiC03.nNi(0H)2 + H2SO4-^-NiS04 + H2O , <^)
+ Su dung dung dich niken sunfat thu dugc de c b l tao mudi cacbonat bazo
niken tbii cip cd dp sach cao d l c i p nguon ion Ni'"^ nbu phan iing (5)
- So dd dilu c h i nguyen lieu dien phan tii ba tiiai ma dien dugc ttinh bay d hmh
1
2.2- Phirang phdp dien phdn niken tir dung dich sunfat vd ngudn muoi cap ion
niken
- Phuang phap dien pban thu hdi niken dugc thirc hipn theo nguyen ly sau :
- Anot tra phdn img ca bdn trin andt: - Nguon cdp ion Ni ^ tu mudi hod tan:
40H - 4e -^ 2H2O ^Ojf mC0,nNi(0H)2 + (n^l)H2S0, ^
- Ket tua niken tren catdt: (n-i-l)NiS04+ (2n+l)H20 + COjf
Ni^^ + 2e^ Ni^- Hoac llf + 2e-^H2f -P^ ^^0 dgng trong khodng 2<pH<4
Che tao
anot tro" tii
h^p kim 3
nguyen
Pb+Sb+Ag
NguySn li&u dien phSn : dung dich dien h NiS04.7H20 thir c i p + muoi NiC03.nNi(0H)2 cap ion Ni^"
D t | n phan true tiep theo phuong an dau noi tiep vdi catot la tam niken moi va anot la hgp kim chi 3 nguygn
Xir ly lam sEich dung dich
dien ly sau mot chu k}' diSn
phan
Che t^o catot miii tir t i m niken di^n phan I
Niken dien phan dang
t i m vM do sach trSn 98%
Hinh 2 Sa do cong nghe dien phdn thu hoi niken kim loai
Tren ca sd nam dugc sir khac biet nhu tten, c i n phai nghien ciiu xdc dinh cac dieu
kien dien hoa ciia qua ttinh dien phan thu hdi niken vdi cac thdng sd co ban nhu mat
dp ddng catdt, dp pH dung dich dien ly, dac tinh cua nguyen lieu cap ngudn ion, v.v
- Khac vdi qua trinh ma didn tao ldp mdng tten be mat san pham cd san qud trinh
dien phan thu hdi niken can dugc bat dau vdi viec che tao tam catdt mau (hay cdn gpi
la catdt mdi) tu niken de lam mdi cho qua trinh thu niken thdng qua phan iing ket tiia
Trang 4ion niken len bl mat catdt miu Day la van de khoa hgc cdng nghe then chdt vi neu nghien ciiu thanh cdng va cd dugc giai phap cdng nghe tao tam catdt mau dat tieu chuan de ra thi viec tbilt lap quy trinh cdng nghe dien phan thu hdi niken se la he qua tit yeu cua cac kit qua nay
- Trong qua trinh ma dien phan, ngudi ta thudng phai ap dung cac bien pbap lara sach dung dich dien ly nhu sii dung mang ngan bun tii andt hoac loc man hoan dung dich Day la nhihig bien phap khd ap dung cho cdng nghf dien phan thu hdi kim loai
vi phai sii dung mudi cap ngudn ion Ni^" Do dd de bao dam chit lugng niken dien phan, can thiet lap cac dieu kien dien hoa ttong qua trinh dien phan de han che su xam nhap cua cac hat tap chit vao nen niken dien phan
- Ap dung bien phap dau dien cue theo phugng phap ndi tiep de thay the cho phuang phap diu song song nhim tdi uu hoa cdng nghe theo hudng giam diu tu co ban, van haiih tien Igi dan gian, de kiem soat
- So dd quy trinh cdng ngh? dien phan niken tir nguyen lieu dien phan true tiep d hmh 2
2.3- Phirang phdp nung hod tan hon hgp oxit
Trong thanh phan can khii (tap chat ket tiia ttong dung dich hoa tach sau khi khu
Cr, Fe bing cac chat kiem) gdm cd 2 hgp chat chinh chiia crdm va sat Cac hgp chat nay sau khi xir ly dua ve dan^ oxit se dugc tiep tuc nung ttong chat kiem NaOH de
hoa tan vk tao nen cac hgp chat mdi chiia ferrat va cromat Hdn hgp nay khi hoa ttong
nude se bi tach rieng re thanh crdmat natri boa tan va hydroxyt sat ket tiia tir phan iing thuy phan ferrat Tren co sd do cd the dieu che ra dugc cac chat mau rieng re nhu cac oxit Cr203, Fe203, hoac bdt mau vang chanb PbCr04 ( hay cdn ggi la hot mEiu vang thu)
2.4- Cdc phirang phdp xu ly mdi tnrdng
Tren co sd cac so dd xir ly ba thai ma da neu, cac chat thai phat sinh ttong va sau cac quy trinb tai chi se gdm cd : bun thai cudi cung sau hoa tach; dich thai phat sinh sau hoa rin dung dich chiia ion niken; khi thai phat sinh ttong qua trmh phan hu^ cac hpp chit amdni t^o ra khi amoniac; hoi nude bdc tu be dien phan De giai quyet cac v4n dl nay cd thi nghien cim ap dung cac phuang phap nhu sau :
- Bim thai cudi cimg sau hoa tach (da dugc giam thieu tdi da thanh phan cac kim loai nang cd nguy co gay d nhilm nhu Ni, Cr) dugc chuyen giao cho cac cdng ty mdi ttudng tiiieu buy thanh vat lieu xay dung don gian
- Dua vao bilu dd dien tbi can bang Pourbaix cp - pH cua he mken - nude d 25°C de dua ra giai phap kit tiia ion niken cdn sdt ttong dich thai, bao dam dich thai long dat tieu chuin nude thai cdng nghipp do nha nude quy dinh
- Ap dung cdc bipn phap cdng nghp de ban che su bdc hoi cua dich dien phan va han cbl chit kilm h? amdni de bao dam lugng khi NH3 bay hoi dugc phan buy het ttong mdi trudng thoang khdng khi, khdng vugt qud tieu chuan cho phep hoac sii dung chat kilm khdc tiiay the cbo cac chat kiem chiia amdni
3 Cac ket qua v^ dong gop chinh
3.1- Vi nghien ciru
- Da dua ra dugc phuong pbap thuy luyen dl hda tach thu hdi dugc dung dich chiia
ion niken bing axit sunfiiric
Trang 5- Da nghien ciiu khu dugc cdc tap chit sit va crom cd hai cho qua ttuih di?n phan,
thu dugc dich sunfat niken sach
- Da dilu che dugc cdc nguyen lieu dien phan tr^rc tiip gdm ; cacbonat baza niken lam ngudn cip ion niken, niken sunfat sach ndng do cao lam dung dich di$n ly, tSm mang niken mdng de lam catdt mdi cho ion niken ket tua
- Dua ra duge quy trinh cdng nghe dieu chi niken kim loai dien phan tir ba thai cdng nghiep ma crom, niken
Cdc kit qua nghien ciiu dugc cdng bd tten tap chi hod bgc va eac tap chi khoa hoc cdng nghe ttong nude Da dugc cap bang sang che ve phuang phap thu hdi niken kim loai dien phan tir ba tiiai ma niken
3.2- Ve ddo tao
- 01 luan an thac sT da bao ve
- 01 Nghien ciiu smh dang budng din chinh
3.3- Tom tit kit qua chinh
Da nghien ciru dl ra cac quy trinh cong nghe va cac san phdm di kem vdi cac tinh mdi va y nghia khoa hgc cua nghien ciiu nhu sau :
- Quy trinh hoa tach tiiu hdi cac ion kim loai tir ba thai ya lam sach dung djch oiken sulfat bing cdch su dung cdc chit kilm dl khii cac tap chit Cr, Fe Da xdc djnh dui?c mdi hen he giiia pH cua dung dich so cip vdi tiidi gian ya chit khu, khd nang khii tap chit cua cac chit kilm Tir dd xac dinh dugc chat kiem cd hipu suat khur cao nhu NaHC03, NH4HCO3
IhAnh phAnfA) ciia NI,F9,Cr: cim Ifi bing cdc ch4t kl6m ,
'«
Moi Hen h$ cua pH cia dung djch
Sff cap vditkH gian v& chat khif
r
sfrfa;
^^
0 i 1« 5 2
•'•"1INH4BCOJ1 '••"IINH4BCOJ -HTalCOSI
' 4|N<1C03|
+NH40B)
•"••7INH40HI
w
u
M
z
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-—
* •
_
—
Ml,
is
-dii
Mir
_
-Mil
we
j
-hit
—
-»
ng\
; ; •
-DMIK ! ^
• Cr % ff'(
M
- Quy ttinh dien phan ra niken kim loai tir cdc nguyen lieu dilu ehl tir dung dich niken sunfat thu hdi Da che tao cac tam niken bang phuang phap dien phan dung djdi niken sulfat hda tan bdi carbonat bazo niken de lam catdt mdi cho qud trinh dien phan niken
Trong sdn xuat niken dien phan, viec che tao catdt mdi chiem vai ttd quan ttpng, no quyet dinh tdi chat lugng va nang suat cua ca qua trinh Tuy nhien vipc hinh thanh tafli niken nguyen ven va dii do day ludn ludn bi can ttd bdi su xam nhilm cdc tap chit phat sinh ttong khi dien phan dan tdi hien mgng tu bong nirt ciia tim niken nay (hinh3) Da nghien ciiu xdc dinh dugc nguyen nhan ^ay bong mit va dl ra dugc giai phdp khac phuc bing hon hgp SLS-1 gdm 2 thanh phan chinh la axit sulfuric (H2SO4)
Trang 6va dodecan sunphonat kali (KC12H25.SO3) Nhd dd tam niken dugc nguyen ven ttong sudt thdi gian dien phan c b l tao (binh 4) Dac biet dung dich dien phan c b l tao dugc dieu che tir ngudn ba thai ma dien
Hinh 3 Tap chat xam nhiem vdo Niken
gay bong nirt
Hinh 4 Sie dung hon hgp SLS-1 loai bo tap
chdt nhd do thu dugc tdm niken nguyen ven
Mpt so ttmli dnh ho^t dpng ciia xicoiig thuc nghiim tdt cbi ba thai va diin ph&n niken, Mpi so chi tieu ky tha^l ciia niken difB phan do \'iin KHVL che tao:
Niken tain v<H kich thavc Day(mm)xRpng (mm)xDdi (mm) = 10x400xSOO
- Quy ttinh dilu che cac san pbam phu tii can khu tap chit
- Quy trinh xir ly mdi trudng dich thai phdt sinh dat vdi tieu chuan ve chat thai mdi trudng
Trang 7- Da dugc cap bang doc quyen sang chi vk "Phumg phap thu hdi kim loainika tir ba thai cong nghiep ma niken" sh 7859 do Cue So hiiu tri tu$ cip theo quyjt djnh
s6 15449/QD-SHTT ngay 20.07.2009
- Da dang tai dugc 5 cong trinh tren tap chi hoa hgc va cac tap chi khoa hpc cong nghe trong nuoc
- Da kSt hgp voi cong ty c6 ph4n vat lieu va moi trucmg xay dung Xuong thvc nghiem tai che ba thai va dien phan niken T^i day dang ap dung vao san xuit cac lc6t qua nghien ciiu cong nghe xu ly va tai sir dimg ba thai cong nghiep ma dien ma dS tai
da ±irc hien
NGHIEN c i r u DIEU CHE NIKEN BIEN PHAN TlT QU^NG SUNFUA
DA KIM BAN PHfcc SON LA Nuoc ta CO nguon khoang san quang niken v(5fi ham lugng vac loai kha va c6 gia tri kinh tS tucmg d6i Ion Trong do Mo niken Ban Phuc la dang kS hon ca Mo niken Ban Phuc njm tai xa Ta Khoa, huyen Bac Yen, tinh Son la Dia diSm khu mo nay njm giap Song Da, co duong nhua giao thong thuan Igi chay qua noi duong qu6c Ig s6 6 va ducmg quoc Ig so 7 Theo s6 lieu tham d6 cho dSn nay, lugng quang niken 6 Ban Phiic Scm la khoang 3 - 5 trieu tin quang dac xit voi ham lugng tmng binh tCt 4-6% Ni va nhieu chyc trieu tan quang xam tan co ham lugng 1-2% Ni , tinh ra mo quang nay chiia khoang 500.000 - 600.000 tin niken sach trj gia len dSn 10 - 12 ty USD Tren hinh 2 bieu dien m^t cat dac tnmg ciia khu mo co chiia cac mach quang niken Theo tieu chuan danh gia chung, ngu6n quang dfc xit cua Mo Ban Phuc - Son la c6 gia tii
ve mat cong nghiep, co thS khai thac va chi biin 6 miic do cong nghiep tnmg binh
Ngoai ra con rat nhieu diim quang nho khdc tren dia ban Son la va Phii thg chua iixqt
d^nh gia cu the
ZAF Meth
F i t t i n o
0 K
Hg K'
Al 8
S K
Ca K
Fe K
Cu :-;•
Total
33 Standardless Quantitative analysis
:oefficient : 0.2100 ""
[keVJ Mass^ Errors Atom* '"""'
0.J25 8.81 0.10 21.47 """
1.253 0.30 0.12 0.48
1.485 0.68 0.11 0.99 '»•
1.739 2.14 0.11 2.97 ™
2.307 24.91 0.09 30.27 ,„
3.690 0.95 0.19 0.92
6.398 52.5-/ 0.53 36.69 ™j
7.471 5.94 0.96 3.94 ""'
li
* 3
5
2 S
,l'j/ ,;
loo.oo ' ioo!oo "" '•" '" '* "" '1^
Kit qua phan tich EDX thanh phan miu qugng ^c xh Ban Phiic
^
f
J./
•"• "» "" " '•
-Simla
Tir 2009-2012 da dugc giao chii nhiem 02 dl tai cip Vien Han lam KHCNVN (cip Bo):
- 2009-2010 : Xay dung quy frinh cSnp ngh6 chi tao niken diSn phSn tu nguon quang niken Vi6t nam Da nghiem thu xuit sic
- 2011-2012 : Nghien cuu hoJn thien quy trinh c8ng n^he che tao niken dien phan tir ngudn quang niken Ban Phuc Da nghi|m thu dat ket qua kha
Tir 2013-2015 : dugc giao chii nhiem 01 dl tai cip nha nuoc :
Trang 8- Nghien cuu cong ngh@ d i l u cbe kim loai niken va dong dien phan tir quang
sonfua da kim Ban Phiic Dang thuc hien, ket tbiic thdng 12/2015
1 Nhirng ket qua nghiSn cuu chinh
Duoc s\r dau tu ciia Vi?n Han lam Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe va su quan tam bd tto gjijp dd ciia GS.VS Nguyin Van Hieu, su hop tac ciia Cdng ty TNHH Md niken Ban Phiic, tii nam 2008 Vien Khoa hpc vat Ueu da tien hanh nghien ciiu cdc qua trinh luyen kim niken tu quang nham xay dung dupe quy trinh cdng nghe hpp ly, cd tinh mdi, tinh khoa hpc de cd the dp dung dupe vao thuc tien san xuat ttong nude neu Cbii d4u tu Md
cd nhu cau Den nay, Vien da xdc dinh dupe so do cdng nghe dinh hudng cho cdng tac nghien ciiu chuyen sau ve luyen kim niken tii quang (xem s o do hinh 5) va da dat dupe mpt sd ket qua quan ttpng, cd the ap dung true tiep vao san xuat
Qu|ng sunfua
da kim
- i uven
Kfa^Mg 2-Tiiih quSng chiia
-6% C Cu + N i )
Ttueu oxy hofi (2), niiii luy?n ra sicn 4- Sten chua
30-50%(Cu+Ni)
S-DimgiJich
sunfiit ciia cac
kim loai
7 ^
VNghien nho; ihiiy luypi ttieo mpt Irong cic phuong phap :
-SLinfat ti6a bik sien trong axit sunfurjc nung a nhiet do -.^OOoC
"'-StUlitf h6a bqt srcn nung tfiieu bang pliucmg phap hot sinh -Sunfat lioa bot stai bfine ohvone Dbio otocla
***Thuy kuyfnlftdisuii&tcrong vi niken theo myt trong esc pbitong
phfip
-Khii i3p ch;Vi •sji theo congn^hc cud SLUigche 7S59 cua N'lcn KH\X
-Chi^ ironK dune nioi hihj co: giin chici Irong asii is unfuric
8- Dong Ifim loai di^D phan
9- Niken thuong pham do s^ch > 99%
Hinh S Quy trinh cong nghe che tao niken tir quang sunfua da kim Bdn Phuc - Scm la theo
Phuang phdp nau luyen vd thuy luyen sten cua Vien KHVL
1.1 Bdi tu^g nghiin curu : Quang nguyen khai niken chiia ham lupng niken tii 2.6
-5.5%, Cu tu 0.8 - 1.3% Trong dd quang dac xit cd ham lupng niken bi 4.5 5.5%, Cu tii 0 8 - 1 3 %
1.2- Ndu luy^n tinh quang dgc xit sau thieu ra sten
a-Nauluyfn trong phong thi nghiim :
- Nghien ciiu xdc dinh dupe quy trinh nau luyen sten vdi tdng ham lupng ddng va niken dat 50"/o ( c a o gap 3 Ian so vdi chi tieu cua the g i d i ) ttong Id dien hd quang
- Xdc dinh mdi lien he giiia tdng ham lupng niken va ddng ttong sten vdi ty le thu hdi cdc kim lo^i nay tir tinb quang ban dau theo cdng nghe nau luyen hien cd ciia Vien Khoa hpc \ at lieu theo quy md phdng thi nghi?m
Trang 9M6i lien he giiia ty le thu hoi dong va niken phu thuoc vao tong ham luting ^ ^ chiing trong sten nhu sau :
- Ty le thu h6i dong va niken ty le nghich voi t6ng ham luong cua chung trong sten : T6ng ham luong niken va d6ng trong sten cang cao thi ty le thu hoi chiing cang giam Cuthi:
- Niu luyen sten voi 20-30% (Ni+Cu) thi ty le thu h6i chiing dat 97-98% theo quy luat ty le nghich
- Niu luyen sten vcri 30-40% (Ni+Cu) thi ty le thu hoi chiing dat 95-97% theo quy luittren , , ,
- Niu luyen sten voi 40-50% (Ni+Cu) thi ty 1? thu h6i chiing giam xuong con 80-85% cung theo quy luat tren
Til do, xac dinh dugc cac chi dp nau luyen sten voi tong ham luong niken va ding cho truoc va ty le thu hii chung phai dat nhu d6 thj neu tren
b-Niu luyen thir nghiem me Ictn ; da niu luyen thvr nghiem me Ion (tren 3 tin) tin!
quang dac xit sau thieu trong 16 dien h6 quang 3 cue cong suit 150KVA ra sten theo chi dp sten vcri ting ham luanj niken va ding dat 30% (xem kit qua phan tich SEM-EDX) Ty le thu hii niken va dong dat >97%
1.3- Dilu chi niken kim lofi tir sten thu ditfc sau niu luyen tinh quang
Da tiin hanh nghien ciiu diiu che niken tu sten va da dat dupe cac ket qua nhu sau:
a- Sunfat hoa bft tinh quang sten v&i tdng thanh phin niken va tdng >30% theo 2 phmfngphap sau:
- Nimg sunfat hoa trong axit dac o nhiet dp cao din 300°C va hoa tach cac san phim stmfat hoa thu dupe dung dich sunfat ciia cac kim loai
- Sunfat hoa bing phuong phap hoa sinh (vi sinh vat) de hoa tach 1 lin t6i 80-85% tong lupng niken va dong trong sten Phuong phap nay da dupe nghien ciiu thanh cong trong phong thi nghiem
- Sunfat hoa sten trong thiet bi chiu axit, nhiet do va ap suat cao theo phuang pbap autoclave (otocla) Phuang phdp n^y se dupe tiin h^nh nghien ciiu trong thdi gian tdi khi CO cac thiet bj autoclave
Kit qud phdn tich SEM-EDX
mdu Sten chat licgng cao
A n a l y s i s
F i t t i n g C o e f f i c i e n t : 0 3 0 7 5
Element: (keV) Mass% Eri:or%
O K 0 5 2 5 2 0 7
Al K 1.4B6 0 2 8
S i K 1 7 3 9 0 2 5
P K* 2 0 1 3 0 4 2
S K 2 3 0 7 2 0 5 5
Ca K 3 6 9 0 0 1 9
Fe K 6 3 9 8 2 7 7 1
Ni K 7 4 7 1 3 9 0 8
Cu K 8 0 4 0 9 4 4
T o t a l 1 0 0 0 0
0 2 4
0 2 0
0 1 3
0 , 3 8
0 8 5
Moi lien kf giSa ty If thu hoi niken va dSngphff thu^ vao tdng ham Iif^g cia ching trong sten
I I - »
St "
%(Ni*Cu) Trong Sten
_
Trang 10b- Bieu chi dung dich niken sack theo vd nguyen lieu diin phdn tu- dung dich chira ion niken scich (dieu chi theo quy trinh cong nghe cua bdng doc quyen sdng chi 7859 cua Vi^n KHVL):
- Lam sach dung dich sunfat kim loai va dien phan thu hdi ddng :
+ Budc 1 : Khii ion sit (Fe^^, Fe^"^ ra khdi dung dich sunfat (theo quy trinh cdng nghe ciia bang dpc quydn sang che 7859 cua Vien KHVL)
+ Budc 2 : Dien phan vdi mat dp ddng nhd, thu hdi dupe ddng kim loai Dung dich sunfat cbi cdn cbiia chii yeu niken sunfat
+ Ket tiia dung dich sunfat niken sach bang soda Na2C03 thu dupe mudi cacbonat bazo niken NiC03.nNi(OH)2
+ Che tao dung dich dien ly vdi ham lupng niken dat >30g/Ut tu san phdm cacbonat bazo niken
c-Bi^nphdn nguyen lieu dd dwac chi t^o thdnh kim loai niken :
Dien phan mudi cacbonat bazo niken ttong dung dich dien ly niken sunfat de thu hoi niken kim loai dien phdn theo quy trinh cdng nghe cua bdng ddc quyen sdng che
7859 cua Vien KHVL)
d- Tinh mdi vd tinh khoa hoc :
- Da xac dinh dupe cdc che dp nau luy?n ra sten ttong Id dien hd quang tir tinh quang va cac loai ttp dung ttong nude Da tim ra quy luat phu thupc ciia ty le thu hdi vao chat lupng yeu cau ciia sten S%(Ni-(-Cu) Tii dd xay dung dupe quy ttinh cdng nghe nau luyen tinh quang vdi tdng ham lupng £%Ni+Cu) >6% ttong Id dien hd quang ra cac loai sten vdi chat lupng (tdng ham lupng Ni vd Cu) va ty le thu hdi khdc nhau Cd the nau luyen ra sten vdi chat lupng dat hang r%(Ni+Cu) dat tdi 50% Tuy nhien quy trinh ndu luyen sten cd the coi la tdi uu khi X(Ni+Cu) » 40% vdi ty I? thu hdi >95%
- Da nau luyen thii nghiem 3 tdn tinh quang dac xit vdi bam lupng I%Ni+Cu) >6%
ra sten vdi chdt lupng I%(Ni-i-Cu) a 30%, ty le thu hdi dat 98% Kdt qua nay hoan toan cd the dp dung ngay vao sdn xuat Cd the ndng chat lupng ciia sten vdi S%(Ni+Cu) dat tdi 40-50% tiiy theo nbu cdu cua khdch hang
- Da nghien ciiu dieu che dung dich niken sach vd nguyen lieu dien phdn true tiep
de dien phan che tao ra niken kim loai
- Tinh todn so bp cbo thdy chi phi nau luyen thap, cd khd nang dat hieu qua kinh te cao nhu mong mudn Ddu tu ca ban thap, day chuyen ttang thiet bi cd the tu che tao ttong nude
e- Bdo tqo : da dao tao 01 thac sy ttong giai doan 2013-2014
f- Cong bo :
- Da dang tai 10 bai bao
- Dang ky va da dupe chap nhan don xin cap bang sdng che ve phuong phdp hda tdch niken sten thanh dung dich sunfat theo quyet dinh sd 38176/QD-SHTT ngay 29/06/2015
NGHIEN CUtJ LUYEN KIM BONG TlT TCvTI Q U ^ G DONG SUNFUA Vung Tdy Bdc Viet Nam cd trii lupng ddng tuong ddi Idn, khoang tten 2.2 trieu tan ddng sach Dac diem quang ddng d cac vung md khu vuc Tay Bac Viet Nam chu yeu
la cdc khoang sunfiia nhu chalcopyrit, chalcocit Ngoai tru md ddng Sin quyen trii lupng khoang 1 tdn vdi tten 100 trieu tan quang, cdn lai da sd la cac md nhd le trii